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Oxford mathematics at a low ebb? An 1855 dispute over examination results 牛津数学陷入低谷？1855 年关于考试成绩的争论
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2290187
Christopher D. Hollings
{"title":"Oxford mathematics at a low ebb? An 1855 dispute over examination results","authors":"Christopher D. Hollings","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2290187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2290187","url":null,"abstract":"Between December 1855 and March 1856, a public dispute raged, in British national newspapers and locally published pamphlets, between two teachers at the University of Oxford: the mathematical lect...","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stahl in France: an unknown Latin translation of the Zufällige Gedancken und nützliche Bedencken über den Streit, von dem so genannten Sulfure (1718) owned by Étienne-François Geoffroy, Jean Hellot and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier 法国的 Stahl：Étienne-François Geoffroy、Jean Hellot 和 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier 所拥有的 Zufällige Gedancken und nützliche Bedencken über den Streit, von dem so genannten Sulfure (1718) 的拉丁文佚译本
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2289540
Marco Beretta
{"title":"Stahl in France: an unknown Latin translation of the Zufällige Gedancken und nützliche Bedencken über den Streit, von dem so genannten Sulfure (1718) owned by Étienne-François Geoffroy, Jean Hellot and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier","authors":"Marco Beretta","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2289540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2289540","url":null,"abstract":"This essay focuses on an unknown Latin translation of Georg Ernst Stahl's treatise on the nature of sulfur (Zufällige Gedancken und Nützliche Bedencken über den Streit von dem so genannten Sulfure)...","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
David Brewster’s and William Herschel’s experiments on inflection that delivered the coup de grâce to Thomas Young’s ether distribution hypothesis 大卫-布鲁斯特和威廉-赫歇尔的拐点实验为托马斯-杨的乙醚分布假说画上了句号
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2289535
Olivier Morizot
{"title":"David Brewster’s and William Herschel’s experiments on inflection that delivered the coup de grâce to Thomas Young’s ether distribution hypothesis","authors":"Olivier Morizot","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2289535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2289535","url":null,"abstract":"In his ‘Theory of Light and Colours’, presented to the Royal Society in November 1801, Thomas Young defended a mechanical explanation of the coloured fringes observed outside of the shadow of an op...","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ole Rømer’s Triduum vol. I–III Ole Rømer’s Triduum vol. I–III , edited by Claus Fabricius, Niels Therkel Jørgensen and Chr Gorm Tortzen, Copenhagen, Society for Danish Language and Literature, 2023, 234+473+112 pp. 11 plts., 799 DKK (Hardback), ISBN: 978-87-7533-060-7 Ole Rømer's Triduum vol. I-III Ole Rømer's Triduum vol. I-III , edited by Claus Fabricius, Niels Therkel Jørgensen and Chr Gorm Tortzen, Copenhagen, Society for Danish Language and literature, 2023, 234+473+112 pp.11版，799丹麦克朗（精装），ISBN：978-87-7533-060-7
3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2266443
Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis
{"title":"Ole Rømer’s Triduum vol. I–III <b>Ole Rømer’s Triduum vol. I–III</b> , edited by Claus Fabricius, Niels Therkel Jørgensen and Chr Gorm Tortzen, Copenhagen, Society for Danish Language and Literature, 2023, 234+473+112 pp. 11 plts., 799 DKK (Hardback), ISBN: 978-87-7533-060-7","authors":"Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2266443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2266443","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 Klaus-Dieter Herbst, Die Entwicklung des Meridiankreises 1700-1850: Genesis eines astronomischen Hauptinstrumentes unter Berücksichtigung des Wechselverhältnisses zwischen Astronomie, Astro-Technik und Technik (Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik, 1996).2 Thyra Eibe and Kristine Bjerrum Meyer, eds, Ole Rømers Adversaria (København: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 1910).3 Friedrichsen, Per, and Chr. Gorm Tortzen, eds, Ole Rømer. Korrespondance og afhandlinger samt et udvalg af dokumenter (København: Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, 2001).4 Tybjerb, Karin, and others, eds, Ole Rømer. I kongens og videnskabens tjeneste (Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2011); Tybjerg, Karin, ‘Cosmos and Cogwheels—The Work of Ole Rømer (1644–1710)’, Centaurus 54-1 (2012).","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engraving accuracy in early modern England: visual communication and the Royal Society 近代早期英格兰的雕刻精度:视觉传达与皇家学会
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2240351
S. Kusukawa
{"title":"Engraving accuracy in early modern England: visual communication and the Royal Society","authors":"S. Kusukawa","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2240351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2240351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sound authorities: scientific and musical knowledge in nineteenth-century Britain 声音权威:19世纪英国的科学和音乐知识
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2240810
Coreen Mcguire
{"title":"Sound authorities: scientific and musical knowledge in nineteenth-century Britain","authors":"Coreen Mcguire","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2240810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2240810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Doctor Who Wasn’t There: Technology, History, and the Limits of Telehealth 《不在场的医生:远程医疗的技术、历史和局限
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2239825
Ji Wei
{"title":"The Doctor Who Wasn’t There: Technology, History, and the Limits of Telehealth","authors":"Ji Wei","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2239825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2239825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Galilean resonances: the role of experiment in Turing's construction of machine intelligence. 伽利略共振：实验在图灵构建机器智能中的作用。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4439943
Bernardo Gonçalves
{"title":"Galilean resonances: the role of experiment in Turing's construction of machine intelligence.","authors":"Bernardo Gonçalves","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4439943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4439943","url":null,"abstract":"In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his iconic imitation game, calling it a 'test', an 'experiment', and the 'the only really satisfactory support' for his view that machines can think. Following Turing's rhetoric, the 'Turing test' has been widely received as a kind of crucial experiment to determine machine intelligence. In later sources, however, Turing showed a milder attitude towards what he called his 'imitation tests'. In 1948, Turing referred to the persuasive power of 'the actual production of machines' rather than that of a controlled experiment. Observing this, I propose to distinguish the logical structure from the rhetoric of Turing's argument. I argue that Turing's proposal of a crucial experiment may have been a concession to meet the standards of his interlocutors more than his own, while his construction of machine intelligence rather reveals a method of successive idealizations and exploratory experiments. I will draw a parallel with Galileo's construction of idealized fall in a void and the historiographical controversies over the role of experiment in Galilean science. I suggest that Turing, like Galileo, relied on certain kinds of experiment, but also on rhetoric and propaganda to inspire further research that could lead to convincing scientific and technological progress.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47959181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fertile substrate: the rise, fall, and succession of popular microscopy in Great Britain. 肥沃的基质:英国流行显微术的兴起、衰落和继承。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2181398
Nathan Edward Charles Smith
{"title":"Fertile substrate: the rise, fall, and succession of popular microscopy in Great Britain.","authors":"Nathan Edward Charles Smith","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2181398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2181398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the rise and fall of the British popular microscopy movement during the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century. It highlights that what is currently understood as microscopy was actually two inter-related but distinct communities and argues that the recognized collapse of microscopical societies in the closing decades of the nineteenth century was the result of amateur specialization. It finds the roots of popular microscopy in the Working Men's College movement and highlights how microscopy adopted its Christian Socialist pedagogy of equality and fraternity, resulting in a radical scientific movement that both prized and encouraged publication by its amateur adherents, who often occupied the middle and working classes. It studies the taxonomic boundaries of this popular microscopy, particularly focusing on its relationship with the study of cryptogams or 'lower plants'. It explores how its success combined with its radical approach to publication and self-sufficiency created the conditions for its collapse, as <i>devotees</i> established a range of successor communities that had tighter taxonomic bounds. Finally, it shows how the philosophy and practices of popular microscopy continued in these successor communities, focusing on the British expression of mycology, the study of fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"80 3","pages":"268-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9921261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nautical astrology: a forgotten early modern tradition. 航海占星术:一个被遗忘的早期现代传统。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2179111
Luís Campos Ribeiro
{"title":"Nautical astrology: a forgotten early modern tradition.","authors":"Luís Campos Ribeiro","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2023.2179111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2023.2179111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the link between navigation and astronomy is quite evident and its history has been extensively explored, the prognosticatory element included in astronomical knowledge has been almost completely left out. In the early modern world, the science of the stars also included prognostication known today as astrology. Together with astronomical learning, navigation also included astrology as a means to predict the success of a journey. This connection, however, has never been adequately researched. This paper makes the first broad study of the tradition of astrology in navigation as well as its role in early modern globalization. It shows how astrological doctrine had its own tools for nautical prognostication. These could be used when dealing with the uncertainty of reaching the desired destination, to inquire about the condition of a loved one, or an important cargo. It was widely used, both in time and geographical context, by navigators and cosmographers for weather forecasting and elections for the start of a successful voyage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"80 3","pages":"199-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9550560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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