Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

{"title":"The effect of CO2 sparging on high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste","authors":"Chunmiao Liu,&nbsp;Wenjian Dong,&nbsp;Youli Yang,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhao,&nbsp;Wu Zeng,&nbsp;Yuriy Litti,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Binghua Yan","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a by-product of acidogenic fermentation, also acts as a reactant that affects carboxylic acid metabolism in reactors. However, the effect of headspace CO₂ in an acidogenic leach bed reactor (LBR) is unclear. In this study, high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste (FW) in LBRs with different fractions of CO₂ (CK: self-generated headspace, T1: 100% N₂, T2: 30% CO₂ + 70% N₂, and T3: 90% CO₂ + 10% N₂) was performed. CO₂ sparging significantly increased the acidogenic performance of FW, with T3 showing the highest soluble product yield of 0.81 g chemical oxygen demand per 1 g volatile solid removal (gCOD/gVS_removal). CO₂ sparging prolonged the fermentation of ethanol and lactic acid in T2 and T3 while it hindered the evolution of butyric and caproic acids. The relative abundance of the genus <i>Limosilobacillus</i> was enhanced by CO₂ sparging, reinforcing the ethanol and lactic acid metabolic pathways. However, sparging excessive CO₂ (≥30% CO₂) inhibited the colonization of the genus <i>Clostridium</i> <i>sensu stricto</i> 12, which suppressed the reverse β pathway with butyric and caproic acids as the metabolites. This work provides valuable insights into the targeted production of carboxylic acids from the acidogenic fermentation of FW via CO₂ regulation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"27 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management strategies for low-organic matter sludge from a life cycle perspective","authors":"Er Li,&nbsp;Xuejun Xiong,&nbsp;Hao Zhou,&nbsp;Binbin Liu,&nbsp;Peng Su,&nbsp;Zexu Chen,&nbsp;Jing Ai,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00219-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00219-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sludge quality is a critical factor influencing the economic and environmental performance of treatment and disposal processes. In many regions, sludge is typically characterized by a low organic matter content. Consequently, the selection of sludge treatment and disposal routes should be tailored to the specific characteristics of sludge in each region, considering its dual attributes of “resource” and “pollution”, and aiming to maximize environmental, economic, and social benefits. Using the current sludge treatment and disposal situation in Wuhan, China, this study conducted a quantitative assessment of carbon emissions, environmental risks, and economic benefits associated with several existing treatment and disposal routes from a life cycle perspective. The results suggest that for sludge characteristics with low organic matter content, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants or cement production processes is the most favorable option. Specifically, when the organic matter content of the sludge falls below approximately 40%, cement production is deemed the preferred process, whereas co-incineration with coal is favored when the organic matter content exceeds 40% but is less than 50%. Owing to the relatively low organic matter and nutrient contents of sludge, optimization of existing anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting processes can be achieved through collaborative treatment with other solid wastes. Moreover, the prevailing carbon trading prices in the Chinese carbon market are relatively low and do not significantly impact the selection of current sludge treatment processes. This study aids in the development of sustainable management strategies for sludge characterized by low resource and pollution attributes in the future.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"85 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts of tetranitro iron phthalocyanine@Fe3O4@fly ash composites for fast decomposition of environmental contaminants","authors":"Dapeng Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Jin,&nbsp;Qing Li,&nbsp;Xinyuan Li,&nbsp;Ruirui Chang,&nbsp;Ruoxi Ma,&nbsp;Lin Yan,&nbsp;Suxiang Ge,&nbsp;Juntao Ma","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using fly ash (FA) solid wastes as economical carriers to construct Fenton-like catalytic composites with additional functions is more practical than the use of a single catalyst. Understanding the structure and properties of catalysts and carriers is vital to improve performance. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine (TNFePc) is a highly active molecular catalyst, whose immobilization and Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis remain unclear. In this study, magnetically recyclable composites of TNFePc@Fe₃O₄@FA were successfully fabricated. Further, Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals decorated on FA surfaces could be used as special functional layer for composite recycling and simultaneous in situ TNFePc synthesis. Peroxides of H₂O₂, KHSO₅, and tert-butyl hydrogen could be effectively activated by composites and transformed into highly reactive radicals. Moreover, molecular oxygen could be activated as well. Model pollutants, methylene blue and oxytetracycline, could be synergistically degraded by the radical oxidation of superoxide, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and sulfate radicals and non-radical oxidation of high-valent iron-oxo species of TNPcFe^IV=O. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design of FA-based composites with dual function, Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis and magnetic recyclability, for environmental decontamination.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"41 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel sustainable bio-composite for latent heat storage based on pomegranate peels and coconut oil","authors":"Najoua Mekaddem,&nbsp;Hanen Nouri,&nbsp;Najet Mouguech,&nbsp;Samia Ben-Ali","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00216-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00216-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With rising energy demands and mounting environmental challenges, the push for sustainable energy systems has increased interest in developing advanced energy storage materials. This study aimed to create and evaluate the properties of a novel latent heat storage bio-composite (LHSB) using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. A bio-based phase-change material (PCM), coconut oil, was added to a bio-support derived from pomegranate peels (PGPs) waste in two forms: raw peels (unwashed and washed) and biochar (physically and physicochemically activated carbon). Pellets of the raw PGPs and activated carbon were fabricated and subsequently impregnated with coconut oil under vacuum conditions. The highest loading capacities were observed to be 60.44% and 58.02% for washed PGPs and physicochemically activated carbon, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis corroborated the absence of chemical reactions between coconut oil and raw or modified PGPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs provided visual evidence of successful coconut oil impregnation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the operational temperatures of all synthesized PCM composites were considerably lower than their respective thermal degradation temperature limits. The encapsulation efficiencies were determined to be 47.69%, 61.62%, 43.97%, and 59.45% for unwashed peels, washed peels, physical biochar, and physicochemical biochar, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the coconut oil/unwashed peels composite exhibited the highest latent heat of melting and freezing, with values of 52.51 and 56.11 kJ/kg, respectively. These findings collectively demonstrate that the prepared LHSBs possess several desirable properties, including leak-proof nature, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, and suitability for temperature regulation in diverse energy storage applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"57 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubbling-based method for direct carbon dioxide capture from ambient air using alkaline earth metal halides","authors":"Tasawar Ali Chandio,&nbsp;Andriy Budnyk,&nbsp;Ali Dad Chandio","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00215-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00215-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high level of CO₂ in the atmosphere is a major global challenge, with excessive emissions continuing into the foreseeable future. Effective methods for CO₂ capture and utilization are therefore necessary to achieve environmental sustainability. In this study, a novel method to capture CO₂ directly from ambient air is developed based on the bubbling of alkaline earth metal solutions, utilizing a simple do-it-yourself (DIY) device. In the bubbling process, ambient air passes through a diffuser to produce tiny air bubbles in an aqueous solution of alkaline earth metal halides (i.e., MCl₂, where M=Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺) and sodium hydroxide. During this process, dissolved metallic ions interact with CO₂ molecules confined in the tiny air bubbles, forming metal carbonates. The depletion of CO₂ in the air flux was monitored by operando Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The CO₂ capture efficiency was found to be dependent on the type of metal halide, its concentration, and pH level. Specifically, 0.10 mol/L MCl₂ aqueous solutions at pH=11 demonstrated efficiencies ranging from 90% to 52% in the following order: Mg &gt; Ca &gt; Sr &gt; Ba, with MgCl₂ exhibiting superior performance in the studied pH range of 6–11. The formed carbonates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and FTIR. The high purity of the products enables their subsequent use in other applications, contributing to the sustainability of the proposed approach. In summary, this study compares the dynamics of CO₂ capture by MCl₂ in an alkaline medium and evaluates the efficiency of the process in yields of useful carbonates for various industrial applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial or total replacement of blast furnace slag with palm oil fuel ash in high-volume slag cement: hydration characteristics, compressive strength, and carbonation resistance","authors":"Yukun Chen,&nbsp;Han-Seung Lee,&nbsp;Yang Sun","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00212-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the emergence of new electric arc furnace technology, the long-term supply of blast furnace slag (BFS) may decline. To address this potential shortage, this study proposes partial or total replacement of BFS with palm oil fuel ash (POFA), an agricultural by-product from the oil palm industry, in high-volume slag cement. The hydration characteristics, compressive strength development, and carbonation resistance of the resulting binary/ternary cementitious systems containing BFS or POFA are thoroughly evaluated. The results indicate that POFA is less reactive than BFS at an early stage (2 d or 3 d). However, as the curing time increased, the pozzolanic reaction of POFA became pronounced, significantly reducing the calcium hydroxide content in the hardened paste at later ages. The reactions of POFA and BFS further contribute to the increase in mechanical strength. This study revealed that incorporating 15% POFA in high-volume slag cement paste results in 8.6% greater compressive strength than cement paste without any supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) after 56 d of curing. However, the addition of POFA diminishes the carbonation resistance of such ternary cementitious systems. Specifically, the carbonation rate increases by 16.9% to 95.0% when the proportion of POFA in high-volume ternary cement increases from 15% to 60%. This work provides valuable insights into a ternary cementitious system containing POFA and BFS, promoting the sustainable use of POFA as an SCM in cement-based materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"11 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste derived biochar for water purification: the roles of redox properties","authors":"Hanyang Sun,&nbsp;Tong Chen,&nbsp;Longjie Ji,&nbsp;Dejin Tian,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li,&nbsp;Chen Sun","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00211-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00211-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar, derived from the waste pyrolysis process, is a promising class of functional materials for environmental remediation owing to its large surface area, abundant surface functionalities and redox properties. This review focuses on the compositions, structures and electron transfer abilities of biochar and their roles in pollutant transformation in environmental remediation. First, the redox properties of biochar are systemically introduced, and the influencing factors are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, biochar-involved redox reactions for pollutant reduction are distinctly classified on the basis of the different oxidants and reaction conditions. The reactive species in each system are comprehensively introduced, while the roles of biochar are adequately analyzed. This review aims to address the growing need for a comprehensive understanding of the role of biochar in pollutant transformation. Moreover, it also seeks to guide future research and the design of biochar materials for advanced water purification, highlighting the need for precise control of redox properties to achieve improved environmental outcomes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"6 4","pages":"565 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of freshwater sludge generated in Singapore: exploring opportunities for a circular economy","authors":"Bo Xu,&nbsp;Junde Qin,&nbsp;Mingqian Yang,&nbsp;Yaolin Yi","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00209-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00209-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater sludge (FS), a by-product of drinking water treatment, is produced in large quantities globally but remains underutilized, predominantly ending up in landfills. As landfill space becomes increasingly scarce and environmental regulations tighten, there is an urgent need for sustainable management strategies for FS. By adopting circular economy principles that emphasize reuse and recycling, potential solutions can be found. This study analyzed the chemical and mineral compositions as well as leaching behavior of ten FS batches collected from various Singapore waterworks. It explored the potential applications of FS, addressing challenges and proposing solutions for its repurposing. The results revealed that FS primarily consists of aluminum oxide (34.94%–57.2%), sulfur trioxide (5.56%–8.98%), and silicon dioxide (1.24%–6.85%). FS also contains minerals such as aluminum sulfate, bayerite, kaolinite, and quartz. The primary variation among different batches of FS was the organic content (28.89%–52.3%), which mainly consisted of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The leaching test indicated that the heavy metal concentrations in FS were within safe limits, suggesting its safety for various applications, especially in high pH environments. The substantial organic content of FS makes it a candidate for conversion into biochar and hydrochar for soil amendment. The rich aluminum content in FS opens avenues for its application in construction material fabrication, soil enhancement, and the remediation of heavy metal-laden wastes, soils, and wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"6 4","pages":"589 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Template-free approach to fabricate uniformly N-doped hierarchical porous carbons from waste oil","authors":"Jin Lu,&nbsp;Ting Song,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Suyun Xu,&nbsp;Pinjing He,&nbsp;Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00210-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00210-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rational pore structure and abundant surface functional groups of hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) are important for their practical application in supercapacitors. The liquid linoleic acid and solid melamine were thoroughly mixed and subjected to carbonization under autogenic pressure at elevated temperatures (CAPET), followed by KOH activation, to produce uniformly N-doped HPCs. The structure and surface chemical properties are controlled by adjusting the N-doped ratio. This adjustment results in high conductivity, abundant ion-accessible surfaces, hierarchical porosity with appropriate micro-mesoporous channels, as well as the presence of N and O heteroatoms. The addition of melamine markedly increased the surface area to 3474.1 m² g⁻¹ and the mesopore volume proportion to 72.9%‒77.3% in the HPCs. The crystal structure and functional groups of the HPCs were revealed by X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, indicating that LA-HPCs-N0.5 is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. This material presented excellent capacitance storage performance and cycling stability, with a specific capacitance of 430.2 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ in a 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH electrolyte system, and the capacitance retention rate was 86.5% after 2000 cycles of charging and discharging at 10 A g⁻¹. This study has successfully demonstrated that the template-free preparation of N-doped HPCs from waste oil is feasible, economical, and sustainable.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"6 4","pages":"473 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifouling ultrafiltration membranes based on acrylic fibers waste/nanochitosan for Congo red and crystal violet removal","authors":"Ahmed E. Abdelhamid,&nbsp;Salah E. Selim,&nbsp;Gamal A. Meligi,&nbsp;Ahmed I. Hussain,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Mabrouk","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00208-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00208-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, acrylic fibers waste blended with different ratios of nanochitosan (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%, in weight) were converted into antifouling ultrafiltration nanocomposite membranes using a phase separation technique for the remediation of Congo red (CR) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from water. The fabricated nanocomposite membranes were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membrane hydrophilicity was estimated using contact angle measurements, which revealed that the 4% loaded nanochitosan had the highest hydrophilicity. Additionally, the water uptake, porosity, water contact angle and water flux of the nanocomposite membranes were assessed. The membrane filtration performances were explored for the removal of CR and CV as anionic and cationic dyes, respectively, at different concentrations and various applied pressures (1 bar to 4 bar). The experimental data revealed a high rejection (<i>R</i>) performance for CR (<i>R</i>≃100%) with a high water flux of about 150 L/(m²·h) to 183 L/(m²·h) for the optimized membrane with 2% nanochitosan at an applied pressure of 4 bar. The rejection for CV showed a variant rejection (70%–99%) at different dye concentrations with fluxes ranging from 93.6 L/(m²·h) to 149.5 L/(m²·h) for the same composite membrane. The composite membrane showed enhanced flux recovery after fouling by bovine serum albumin and was resistant to widespread gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) bacteria.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"6 4","pages":"511 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00208-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}