Helene Gilgenkrantz, Rola Al Sayegh, Sophie Lotersztajn
{"title":"Immunoregulation of Liver Fibrosis: New Opportunities for Antifibrotic Therapy","authors":"Helene Gilgenkrantz, Rola Al Sayegh, Sophie Lotersztajn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020524-012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020524-012013","url":null,"abstract":"Liver fibrosis develops in response to chronic liver injury and is characterized by a sustained inflammatory response that leads to excessive collagen deposition by myofibroblasts. The fibrogenic response is governed by the release of inflammatory mediators from innate, adaptive, and innate-like lymphoid cells and from nonprofessional immune cells (i.e., epithelial cells, hepatic myofibroblasts, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells). Upon removal of the underlying cause, liver fibrosis can resolve via activation of specific immune cell subsets. Despite major advances in the understanding of fibrosis pathogenesis, there is still no approved antifibrotic therapy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the immune cell landscape and the inflammatory mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis progression and regression. We discuss how reprogramming immune cell phenotype, in particular through targeting selective inflammatory pathways or modulating cell-intrinsic metabolism, may be translated into antifibrogenic therapies.","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Alves Costa Silva, Marine Fidelle, Andrew A. Almonte, Lisa Derosa, Laurence Zitvogel
{"title":"Gut Microbiota–Related Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology","authors":"Carolina Alves Costa Silva, Marine Fidelle, Andrew A. Almonte, Lisa Derosa, Laurence Zitvogel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061124-102218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061124-102218","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinogenesis is associated with the emergence of protracted intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic changes. Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota–related biomarkers and microbiota-centered interventions are promising strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy. However, current standard methods for evaluating gut microbiota composition are cost- and time-consuming. The development of routine diagnostic tools for intestinal barrier alterations and dysbiosis constitutes a critical unmet medical need that can guide routine treatment and microbiota-centered intervention decisions in patients with cancer. In this review, we explore the influence of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy and highlight gut-associated biomarkers that have the potential to be transformed into simple diagnostic tools, thus guiding standard treatment decisions in the field of immuno-oncology. Mechanistic insights toward leveraging the complex relationship between cancer immunosurveillance, gut microbiota, and metabolism open exciting opportunities for developing novel biomarkers in immuno-oncology.","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Cavazzana, Alice Corsia, Megane Brusson, Annarita Miccio, Michaela Semeraro
{"title":"Treating Sickle Cell Disease: Gene Therapy Approaches","authors":"Marina Cavazzana, Alice Corsia, Megane Brusson, Annarita Miccio, Michaela Semeraro","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022124-022000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022124-022000","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin molecules and thus distortion (sickling) of the red blood cells. SCD causes chronic pain and organ damage and shortens life expectancy. Gene therapy emerges as a potentially curative approach for people with SCD who lack a matched sibling donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we review recent progress in gene therapy for SCD and focus on innovative technologies that target the genetic roots of the disease. We also review the challenges associated with gene therapy, including oncogenic risks, and the need for refined delivery methods. Despite these hurdles, the rapidly evolving landscape of gene therapy for SCD raises hope for a paradigm shift in the treatment of this debilitating disease. As research progresses, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and continuous improvements in gene-editing technologies promise to bring gene therapy for SCD closer to mainstream clinical application, offering a transformative, curative option for patients with this genetic disorder.","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingtong Zhou, Guanyi Li, Kaini Hang, Jie Li, Dehua Yang, Ming-Wei Wang
{"title":"Weight Loss Blockbuster Development: A Role for Unimolecular Polypharmacology","authors":"Qingtong Zhou, Guanyi Li, Kaini Hang, Jie Li, Dehua Yang, Ming-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061324-011832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061324-011832","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impact more than 2.5 billion adults worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Unimolecular polypharmacology, which involves designing single molecules to target multiple receptors or pathways simultaneously, has revolutionized treatment strategies. Blockbuster drugs such as tirzepatide and retatrutide have shown unprecedented success in managing obesity and T2DM, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to conventional single agonists. Tirzepatide, in particular, has garnered tremendous attention for its remarkable effectiveness in promoting weight loss and improving glycemic control, while offering additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Despite their promises, such therapeutic agents also face challenges that include gastrointestinal side effects, patient compliance issues, and body weight rebound after cessation of the treatment. Nonetheless, the development of these therapies marks a significant leap forward, underscoring the transformative potential of unimolecular polypharmacology in addressing metabolic diseases and paving the way for future innovations in personalized medicine.","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher A Febres-Aldana, Rachel Fanaroff, Michael Offin, Marjorie G Zauderer, Jennifer L Sauter, Soo-Ryum Yang, Marc Ladanyi
{"title":"Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma: Advances in Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Christopher A Febres-Aldana, Rachel Fanaroff, Michael Offin, Marjorie G Zauderer, Jennifer L Sauter, Soo-Ryum Yang, Marc Ladanyi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-092719","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-092719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surfaces. While DPM is a well-recognized disease linked to asbestos exposure, recent advances have expanded our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and transformed our clinical practice. This comprehensive review explores the current concepts and emerging trends in DPM, including risk factors, pathobiology, histologic subtyping, and therapeutic management, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to this complex disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"11-42"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Uderhardt, Georgiana Neag, Ronald N Germain
{"title":"Dynamic Multiplex Tissue Imaging in Inflammation Research.","authors":"Stefan Uderhardt, Georgiana Neag, Ronald N Germain","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-070323-124158","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-070323-124158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation is a highly dynamic process with immune cells that continuously interact with each other and parenchymal components as they migrate through tissue. The dynamic cellular responses and interaction patterns are a function of the complex tissue environment that cannot be fully reconstructed ex vivo, making it necessary to assess cell dynamics and changing spatial patterning in vivo. These dynamics often play out deep within tissues, requiring the optical focus to be placed far below the surface of an opaque organ. With the emergence of commercially available two-photon excitation lasers that can be combined with existing imaging systems, new avenues for imaging deep tissues over long periods of time have become available. We discuss a selected subset of studies illustrating how two-photon microscopy (2PM) has helped to relate the dynamics of immune cells to their in situ function and to understand the molecular patterns that govern their behavior in vivo. We also review some key practical aspects of 2PM methods and point out issues that can confound the results, so that readers can better evaluate the reliability of conclusions drawn using this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"43-67"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Tremmel, Ute Hofmann, Mathias Haag, Elke Schaeffeler, Matthias Schwab
{"title":"Circulating Biomarkers Instead of Genotyping to Establish Metabolizer Phenotypes.","authors":"Roman Tremmel, Ute Hofmann, Mathias Haag, Elke Schaeffeler, Matthias Schwab","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032023-121106","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032023-121106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacogenomics (PGx) enables personalized treatment for the prediction of drug response and to avoid adverse drug reactions. Currently, PGx mainly relies on the genetic information of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) targets such as drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to predict differences in the patient's phenotype. However, there is evidence that the phenotype-genotype concordance is limited. Thus, we discuss different phenotyping strategies using exogenous xenobiotics (e.g., drug cocktails) or endogenous compounds for phenotype prediction. In particular, minimally invasive approaches focusing on liquid biopsies offer great potential to preemptively determine metabolic and transport capacities. Early studies indicate that ADME phenotyping using exosomes released from the liver is reliable. In addition, pharmacometric modeling and artificial intelligence improve phenotype prediction. However, further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of individualized treatment based on phenotyping strategies, not only relying on genetics. The present review summarizes current knowledge and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"65-87"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunil K Joshi, Paul Piehowski, Tao Liu, Sara J C Gosline, Jason E McDermott, Brian J Druker, Elie Traer, Jeffrey W Tyner, Anupriya Agarwal, Cristina E Tognon, Karin D Rodland
{"title":"Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteogenomics: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Precision Medicine.","authors":"Sunil K Joshi, Paul Piehowski, Tao Liu, Sara J C Gosline, Jason E McDermott, Brian J Druker, Elie Traer, Jeffrey W Tyner, Anupriya Agarwal, Cristina E Tognon, Karin D Rodland","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022723-113921","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022723-113921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteogenomics refers to the integration of comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic measurements from the same samples with the goal of fully understanding the regulatory processes converting genotypes to phenotypes, often with an emphasis on gaining a deeper understanding of disease processes. Although specific genetic mutations have long been known to drive the development of multiple cancers, gene mutations alone do not always predict prognosis or response to targeted therapy. The benefit of proteogenomics research is that information obtained from proteins and their corresponding pathways provides insight into therapeutic targets that can complement genomic information by providing an additional dimension regarding the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of tumors. This review describes the novel insights into tumor biology and drug resistance derived from proteogenomic analysis while highlighting the clinical potential of proteogenomic observations and advances in technique and analysis tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"455-479"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Nocebo Effect.","authors":"Luana Colloca","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022723-112425","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022723-112425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse nocebo responses can cause harm to patients and interfere with treatment adherence and effects in both clinic practice and clinical trials. Nocebo responses refer to negative outcomes to active medical treatments in clinical trials or practice that cannot be explained by the treatment's pharmacologic effects. Negative expectancies and nocebo effects are less known than placebo responses. Nocebo effects can be triggered by verbal suggestions, prior negative experiences, observation of others experiencing negative outcomes, and other contextual and environmental factors. As research advances over the years, mechanistic knowledge is accumulating on the neurobiological mechanisms of nocebo effects. This review summarizes studies on different facets of nocebo effects and responses and discusses clinical implications, ethical considerations, and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"171-190"},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10868531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10004521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Apathy and Motivation: Biological Basis and Drug Treatment.","authors":"Harry Costello, Masud Husain, Jonathan P Roiser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022423-014645","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022423-014645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no established therapies specifically for the condition, and safe and effective treatments are urgently needed. Advances in the understanding of motivation and goal-directed behavior in humans and animals have shed light on the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms contributing to apathy, providing an important foundation for the development of new treatments. Here, we review the cognitive components, neural circuitry, and pharmacology of apathy and motivation, highlighting converging evidence of shared transdiagnostic mechanisms. Though no pharmacological treatments have yet been licensed, we summarize trials of existing and novel compounds to date, identifying several promising candidates for clinical use and avenues of future drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8057,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"313-338"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10004518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}