Transport in Porous Media最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Wettability on Waterflood Remaining Oil Saturation and Endpoint Relative Permeabilities in Carbonate and Sandstone Rocks","authors":"Ramzi Ali,&nbsp;Yanbin Gong,&nbsp;Amir H. Alizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Piri","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02298-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02298-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We systematically examine how wettability governs waterflood remaining oil saturation and endpoint relative permeabilities in carbonate and sandstone rocks using capillary-dominated coreflooding experiments. Water-wet and mixed-wet conditions (intermediate- and strongly oil-wet) are imposed by chemical aging of core plugs and validated by contact-angle measurements. Each experiment comprises primary oil drainage to establish the initial water saturation, an optional aging step, and subsequent waterflooding with 20–25 pore volumes (PV) of brine. In carbonate plugs, endpoint oil relative permeability is highest under water-wet conditions and decreases as oil-wetness increases. Across all wettability conditions, samples with larger average pore sizes exhibit higher endpoint oil relative permeability. Water-wet carbonates reach a recovery plateau after 1–2 PV, whereas intermediate- and oil-wet systems continue to recover oil over substantially larger injected volumes. Consistent with trends widely reported for sandstones, the carbonate cores achieve maximum recovery at near-intermediate wettability over the 20–25 PV window studied. We further infer that strongly oil-wet plugs may ultimately attain the lowest remaining oil saturations at much larger injected volumes due to persistent, hydraulically conductive oil layers, although this lies beyond the PV range tested. Endpoint water relative permeability increases as wettability shifts away from water-wet conditions; under water-wet states, it increases slightly as average pore size decreases. Sandstone experiments corroborate prior observations that near-neutral wettability yields the highest recovery after 20–25 PV of brine injection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02298-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Mixed Wettability on the Pore-Scale Displacement During Water Flooding Process Using a Phase-Field Method","authors":"Yin Chen,&nbsp;Jungang Liu,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02290-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02290-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wettability plays an important role in multiphase flow within oil reservoirs. In many cases, reservoir rocks exhibit distinctly mixed wettability. It is urgent to investigate the water displacement phenomena in mixed-wet porous media. In this work, a method coupled Navier-Stokes and phase-field equations is used to simulate the water flooding process in mixed-wet media. A series of numerical experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed-wet strength and wettability distribution on two-phase distribution, oil recovery, and pressure characteristics. The results indicate that the effect of mixed-wet strength on oil-water distribution becomes more significant when the diameters of water-wet particles are larger. In general, the ultimate oil recovery and the capacity of mixed wettability to enhance oil recovery are higher in mixed-wet media that have larger water-wet particles, compared to those with smaller water-wet particles. The results for the total pressure drop show that a higher driving force is required in mixed-wet media containing smaller water-wet particles. When comparing macroscopic and interfacial capillary pressure, the values are consistently higher in uniformly oil-wet media than in mixed-wet media. By analyzing the microscopic pressure, the microscopic mechanism by which mixed wettability improves oil recovery is revealed: It reduces flow resistance caused by capillary forces or viscous effects. This work provides a preliminary understanding of the impact of mixed-wet strength on oil-water flow, establishing a foundation for further advancements in micro-seepage theory in mixed-wet systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Effective Permeabilities in Partially Saturated Porous Media, Using the Periodic Homogenization Technique","authors":"Raphaël Bouchard,&nbsp;Mohamed-Khaled Bourbatache,&nbsp;Tien Dung Le,&nbsp;Olivier Millet,&nbsp;Ioannis Stefanou","doi":"10.1007/s11242-025-02265-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-025-02265-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we address determination of the effective permeabilities in rigid, partially saturated porous media for an immiscible two-phase Newtonian fluid flow. The periodic homogenization technique is applied to derive macroscopic flow laws for two-phase systems from the pore-scale Navier–Stokes equations governing immiscible fluids. Two distinguished cases are considered: two incompressible fluids (case 1) and an incompressible fluid with a compressible one (case 2). In both cases, the homogenized result shows the independence of the macroscopic laws and the closure problems on the fluid compressibility, except for the macroscopic mass conservation equation. Finally, numerical simulations are performed by solving the closure problems for a given interface position determined from the phase-field simulations, in order to analyze the role of each effective permeability in the generalized Darcy’s law for several fluid mixtures and different porosity. The numerical results offer insights into the influence of microstructure, fluid properties, and capillary bridge distribution on the effective permeabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-025-02265-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the Phase Change and Fluid Flow in the Complex Fracture Network of Buried Hill Condensate Gas Reservoirs","authors":"Yunlong Gao,&nbsp;Congcong Li,&nbsp;Hao Gao,&nbsp;Hai Liu,&nbsp;Liangliang Jiang,&nbsp;Shuoliang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02291-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02291-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buried hill condensate gas reservoirs, critical to global energy exploration, are characterized by complex tectonics and weathering that create multi-scale fracture systems with pronounced dual-media heterogeneity, including permeability variations spanning 2–3 orders of magnitude and an anisotropy coefficient of 3.8. To elucidate the intricate flow mechanisms under such conditions, a novel digital core–microfluidics cross-scale method was developed. High-resolution CT reconstruction enabled the creation of a digital fracture network model for depletion experiments. Real-time CT and microfluidic imaging delineated a three-stage condensate evolution process—nucleation in microfractures, capillary-driven migration, and residual trapping—driven by pore structure and capillary-inertial forces. Findings reveal that porous media elevate dew point pressure to 43 MPa through adsorption and condensation effects. Fracture morphology significantly influences saturation: Large fractures exhibit 9.86% saturation at 30 MPa, while smaller fractures retain higher saturation (12.22%) in discrete forms. A critical pore threshold of 1.90 μm alters condensate volume distribution and reduces capillary resistance. Migration behavior hinges on the fracture-pore synergy coefficient (K), with <i>K</i> &gt; 0.017 facilitating continuous film flow and <i>K</i> &lt; 0.015 resulting in trapping. Optimized pressure drop rates correlate with pore size, while self-organized fracture networks enhance local saturation. These insights advance the understanding of condensate flow dynamics, offering practical guidance for reservoir management and informing future research into complex fracture systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Stability and Subcritical Instability of Thermotactic Bioconvection in Porous Media","authors":"Keshav Singh,&nbsp;Y. D. Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02297-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02297-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermotactic microorganisms move toward warmer regions when a temperature gradient is present, and this behavior can generate complex flow patterns known as bioconvection in fluid-saturated porous media. The main objective of this work is to present the linear and nonlinear (energy) stability analysis of thermotactic bioconvection in a porous medium and to quantify the subcritical instability region arising from finite-amplitude disturbances. The novelty of the study lies in the application of a rigorous energy method to thermotactic microorganism suspensions in porous media, together with a systematic comparison between linear stability thresholds (including both stationary and oscillatory modes) and nonlinear energy stability limits corresponding to stationary disturbances. The linear stability analysis employs the normal-mode approach to determine the critical conditions at which convection first appears. The nonlinear stability analysis is conducted using the energy method, in which an energy functional is constructed and its decay is used to identify the nonlinear stability limit. A single-term Galerkin approximation is employed to solve the resulting variational problem and to estimate the nonlinear critical Rayleigh number. The results show that increasing the swimming speed (<i>Pe</i>) of microorganisms destabilizes the system and causes bioconvection to occur at lower threshold values. However, increasing the porosity (<span>(epsilon )</span>) of the medium has a stabilizing effect. The thermal Rayleigh number (<i>Ra</i>) enhances convection, while the modified Darcy number (<span>(tilde{Da})</span>) exhibits a dual role: it stabilizes the system at higher wavenumbers but destabilizes it at lower wavenumbers. A distinct subcritical region of instability is observed, and this region shrinks as microorganism motility increases. Also, oscillatory bioconvection is investigated using linear stability analysis. It is found that higher microorganism motility significantly reduces the oscillatory instability threshold, whereas increasing porosity, stable thermal stratification, and larger values of <span>(tilde{Da})</span> delay the onset of time-periodic convection and stabilize the system. These results are useful for applications such as porous bioreactors, tissue engineering scaffolds, and systems designed to control microbial transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Permeability Estimation from Pressure Transient Tests: Comparison of the Coupled Flow-Deformation and Flow-Only Approaches","authors":"Ehsan Tavakol,&nbsp;Amin Mehrabian","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02299-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02299-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In-situ estimation of the subsurface rock permeability from pressure transient tests predominantly relies on flow-only models of pore fluid flow while overlooking the rock deformation effect on pore pressure variations. Despite widespread use, the flow-only approach can systematically bias permeability estimates when substantial flow–geomechanics coupling is present, yet the geomechanics aspect has received little attention in the field practice or literature on pressure transient analysis. This limitation is herein evaluated through a coupled poroelastic analytical solution for pressure transient analysis of a layered configuration consisting of a permeable rock layer confined in between two impermeable seal formations with contrasting mechanical properties. Fluid is produced through a vertical well within the permeable layer. The coupled governing equations for pore fluid continuity and solid stress equilibrium are solved analytically using Laplace–Hankel integral transform. The solution is rigorous, general, and definitive, as it imposes no restrictive assumptions on the stress or strain state of the layers or on the intralayer tractions. Three practical cases of pressure drawdown, pressure buildup, and interference tests are analyzed via the solution. Results indicate that rock deformation effects are negligible for mechanically homogeneous systems, where the permeable and seal rocks have similar stiffness. In contrast, neglecting the geomechanical coupling in pressure transient analysis can introduce considerable errors in permeability estimates for mechanically dissimilar reservoir–seal rock systems. The rates of these errors could exceed 30% for a tenfold contrast in cross-layer heterogeneity, as quantified by the stiffness ratio between the permeable and seal rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02299-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Representative Elementary Volume Determination in Complex Porous Media: An Integrated Hydrodynamic and Thermodynamic Modelling Approach","authors":"Shaheryar T. Hussain,&nbsp;Klaus Regenauer-Lieb,&nbsp;Aleksandr Zhuravljov,&nbsp;Sheikh S. Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02295-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02295-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding fluid transport in microporous media remains a complex challenge due to the intricate interplay of heterogeneity and scale-dependent behaviours. This study introduces a novel multiscale discretisation framework, specifically tailored for dual-porosity systems, and integrates it with an enhanced multiphase solver to determine representative elementary volumes (REVs) across contrasting pore structures. The proposed numerical approach incorporates a hybrid formulation combining two-phase Darcy flow for macro-scale domains with Navier–Stokes and volume-of-fluid (VOF) interface tracking for micro-scale regions. This enables simulation of complex immiscible flows with explicit resolution of both macro- and microporous pathways. A dedicated mesh refinement strategy ensures computational efficiency while preserving geometric fidelity across porosity scales. We apply this framework to two carbonate samples: the Savonnieres carbonate and the Mount Gambier limestone. In the Savonnieres sample, REV convergence could not be achieved even at the largest available micro-CT volume (1000³ voxels, ~ 3.8 mm³) due to pronounced microstructural clustering. In contrast, the Mount Gambier limestone exhibited stable hydrodynamic and thermodynamic REV behaviour above 1200³ voxels (~ 3.21 mm³), closely matching experimental core-scale estimates. These findings reinforce the robustness of the proposed methodology and underscore its potential for broader application to microporous media with diverse heterogeneity profiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02295-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of the Cattaneo–Christov–Jordan–Mariano Model for Thermal Convection in Porous Media","authors":"Amit Mahajan,&nbsp;Sonali Dagar","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02296-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02296-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the problem of thermal convection in a porous medium saturated with fluid, governed by extended Darcy’s law and analyzed within the framework of the Cattaneo–Christov–Jordan–Mariano (CCJM) model. The CCJM framework extends Fourier’s law by incorporating finite thermal relaxation, thermal diffusion, and inertial effects, thereby providing a more realistic description of heat transfer in porous systems. A combined linear (stationary and oscillatory) and nonlinear stability analysis is employed to determine the onset of convection. Linear instability, developed through normal mode decomposition, provides the critical Rayleigh number and wavenumber marking the instability threshold, while nonlinear stability, based on the energy method, evaluates finite-amplitude disturbances and identifies subcritical regimes. This work investigates the effects of three dimensionless parameters: the thermal diffusion (Mariano) parameter <span>(zeta )</span>, which characterizes the diffusion of heat flux, the Vadasz number <i>Va</i>, which represents inertial effects in porous media, and the Straughan number <i>Sg</i>, which accounts for thermal relaxation. All critical thresholds are computed numerically, and the results demonstrate that increasing <span>(zeta )</span> generally stabilizes the system by postponing the onset of convection, whereas inertial and thermal relaxation effects can destabilize the flow by promoting oscillatory modes and triggering convection at lower Rayleigh numbers. These findings provide new insights into thermal convection in porous media by establishing a stricter stability criterion and clarifying how material parameters control the onset of convection, thereby deepening our understanding of thermal stability within the Cattaneo–Christov–Jordan–Mariano (CCJM) model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow Through Glass Sphere Packed Bed Representative of High-Porosity Permeable Concrete","authors":"Mahmoud Abbaszadeh,&nbsp;Marios Christou,&nbsp;Alalea Kia","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02294-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02294-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Permeable concrete allows rapid drainage of stormwater through otherwise impermeable infrastructure. Modelling the hydraulic performance of permeable concrete is challenging due to its tortuous pore structure. In this study a robust numerical model, validated against experimental results, is developed for permeable concrete structures at higher porosity using glass spheres (GS) of different diameters. Monosized GS along with polysized combinations are used to represent an idealised permeable concrete structure. The effect of the pore characteristics, including porosity and mean pore size, along with the hydraulic gradient (HG) on permeability and hydraulic tortuosity is determined. Discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are both used to generate the GS and simulate water flow through the packed bed, respectively. Permeability measurements are conducted using both falling head (FH) and constant head methods. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the FH permeability values obtained through the resolved CFD simulations and the experimental data, without requiring any calibration of the CFD model. In summary, the present study offers a high-resolution, experimentally validated and physics-based approach to understanding the permeability and tortuosity of permeable concretes modelled as packed sphere beds. It eliminates reliance on empirical adjustments, provides new insights into the effect of the different HG and establishes a generalised permeability correlation applicable to a wide range of scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Darcy–Bénard Convection in the Presence of Feedback Control and Temperature Modulation","authors":"Vinit Vinod Revankar,&nbsp;M. S. Jagadeesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02293-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02293-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature modulation effect on the linear stability analysis of Darcy–Bénard convection setup with feedback control and Robin boundary condition on temperature is investigated. The upper and lower plates are assumed to be impermeable. The combination of the Galerkin method, the Maclaurin series expansion, and the Newton–Raphson method for multiple variables is employed to calculate the stationary Rayleigh number. The differential operator method is employed to investigate the effect of temperature modulation on stability of the system. The observations from the study confirm that the effect of feedback control on the system in the presence of temperature modulation is to stabilize the motion. An increase in the Biot number signifies a transition of the thermal boundary condition from an insulating surface to an isothermal surface. This enhanced thermal coupling at the boundary promotes more efficient heat exchange, which suppresses thermal disturbances and thereby stabilizes the system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}