Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091234
Helen J Jones, Claire D Bourke, Jonathan R Swann, Ruairi C Robertson
{"title":"Malnourished Microbes: Host-Microbiome Interactions in Child Undernutrition.","authors":"Helen J Jones, Claire D Bourke, Jonathan R Swann, Ruairi C Robertson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091234","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood undernutrition is a major global health burden that is only partially resolved by nutritional interventions. Both chronic and acute forms of child undernutrition are characterized by derangements in multiple biological systems including metabolism, immunity, and endocrine systems. A growing body of evidence supports a role of the gut microbiome in mediating these pathways influencing early life growth. Observational studies report alterations in the gut microbiome of undernourished children, while preclinical studies suggest that this can trigger intestinal enteropathy, alter host metabolism, and disrupt immune-mediated resistance against enteropathogens, each of which contribute to poor early life growth. Here, we compile evidence from preclinical and clinical studies and describe the emerging pathophysiological pathways by which the early life gut microbiome influences host metabolism, immunity, intestinal function, endocrine regulation, and other pathways contributing to child undernutrition. We discuss emerging microbiome-directed therapies and consider future research directions to identify and target microbiome-sensitive pathways in child undernutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"327-353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-022648
Michal K Handzlik, Christian M Metallo
{"title":"Sources and Sinks of Serine in Nutrition, Health, and Disease.","authors":"Michal K Handzlik, Christian M Metallo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-022648","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-022648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amino acid dysregulation has emerged as an important driver of disease progression in various contexts. l-Serine lies at a central node of metabolism, linking carbohydrate metabolism, transamination, glycine, and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to protein synthesis and various downstream bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways. l-Serine is produced locally in the brain but is sourced predominantly from glycine and one-carbon metabolism in peripheral tissues via liver and kidney metabolism. Compromised regulation or activity of l-serine synthesis and disposal occurs in the context of genetic diseases as well as chronic disease states, leading to low circulating l-serine levels and pathogenesis in the nervous system, retina, heart, and aging muscle. Dietary interventions in preclinical models modulate sensory neuropathy, retinopathy, tumor growth, and muscle regeneration. A serine tolerance test may provide a quantitative readout of l-serine homeostasis that identifies patients who may be susceptible to neuropathy or responsive to therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"123-151"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-023359
Hilary K Seligman, Ronli Levi, Victoria O Adebiyi, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Joanne F Guthrie, Edward A Frongillo
{"title":"Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security to Promote Healthy Dietary Intake and Outcomes in the United States.","authors":"Hilary K Seligman, Ronli Levi, Victoria O Adebiyi, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Joanne F Guthrie, Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-023359","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-023359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service leads the federal government in data development and research on food security in US households. Nutrition security is an emerging concept that, although closely related, is distinct from food security. No standard conceptualization or measure of nutrition security currently exists. We review the existing research on nutrition security and how it is informed by the more robust literature on food security and diet quality. Based on this review, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding nutrition security and its relationship to food security. We identify two constructs (healthy diets and nutritional status) and multiple subconstructs that form the basis of nutrition security. The proposed framework and corresponding constructs are intended to provide (<i>a</i>) understanding of how nutrition security arises and how it differs from food security, (<i>b</i>) background on why assessment and monitoring of nutrition security is important, and (<i>c</i>) guidance for a research agenda that will further clarify the meaning of nutrition security and its measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"409-429"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10046681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Deciphering Diet-Disease Relationships: Case Studies.","authors":"Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Eran Elinav","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-090535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-090535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modernization of society from a rural, hunter-gatherer setting into an urban and industrial habitat, with the associated dietary changes, has led to an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic and additional noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. However, while dietary sciences have been rapidly evolving to meet these challenges, validation and translation of experimental results into clinical practice remain limited for multiple reasons, including inherent ethnic, gender, and cultural interindividual variability, among other methodological, dietary reporting-related, and analytical issues. Recently, large clinical cohorts with artificial intelligence analytics have introduced new precision and personalized nutrition concepts that enable one to successfully bridge these gaps in a real-life setting. In this review, we highlight selected examples of case studies at the intersection between diet-disease research and artificial intelligence. We discuss their potential and challenges and offer an outlook toward the transformation of dietary sciences into individualized clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"225-250"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-011923-020327
Regan L Bailey, Shinyoung Jun, Alexandra E Cowan, Heather A Eicher-Miller, Jaime J Gahche, Johanna T Dwyer, Terryl J Hartman, Diane C Mitchell, Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler, Raymond J Carroll, Janet A Tooze
{"title":"Major Gaps in Understanding Dietary Supplement Use in Health and Disease.","authors":"Regan L Bailey, Shinyoung Jun, Alexandra E Cowan, Heather A Eicher-Miller, Jaime J Gahche, Johanna T Dwyer, Terryl J Hartman, Diane C Mitchell, Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler, Raymond J Carroll, Janet A Tooze","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-011923-020327","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-011923-020327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise dietary assessment is critical for accurate exposure classification in nutritional research, typically aimed at understanding how diet relates to health. Dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread and represents a considerable source of nutrients. However, few studies have compared the best methods to measure DSs. Our literature review on the relative validity and reproducibility of DS instruments in the United States [e.g., product inventories, questionnaires, and 24-h dietary recalls (24HR)] identified five studies that examined validity (<i>n</i> = 5) and/or reproducibility (<i>n</i> = 4). No gold standard reference method exists for validating DS use; thus, each study's investigators chose the reference instrument used to measure validity. Self-administered questionnaires agreed well with 24HR and inventory methods when comparing the prevalence of commonly used DSs. The inventory method captured nutrient amounts more accurately than the other methods. Reproducibility (over 3 months to 2.4 years) of prevalence of use estimates on the questionnaires was acceptable for common DSs. Given the limited body of research on measurement error in DS assessment, only tentative conclusions on these DS instruments can be drawn at present. Further research is critical to advancing knowledge in DS assessment for research and monitoring purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"179-197"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10034461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface.","authors":"Kimberly O'Brien, Yiqin Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-085246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-085246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition). Over gestation, the placenta must adapt to these variable nutrient supplies, to alterations in maternal physiology and blood flow, and to dynamic changes in fetal growth rates. Numerous questions remain about the mechanisms used to transport nutrients to the fetus and the maternal and fetal determinants of this process. Growing data highlight the ability of the placenta to regulate this process. As new technologies and omics approaches are utilized to study this maternofetal interface, greater insight into this unique organ and its impact on fetal development and long-term health has been obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"301-325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency.","authors":"Helene McNulty, Kristina Pentieva, Mary Ward","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"101-122"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10057258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease.","authors":"Regan L Bailey, Patrick J Stover","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025153","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to the multifactorial risk profile of disease and inherent population heterogeneity in the diet-disease relationship. Diet is a primary driver of chronic disease risk, and population-based guidance should account for individual responses. Cascading effects on evidentiary standards for population-based guidance are not straightforward. Precision remains a consideration for dietary guidance to prevent deficiency through the identification of population subgroups with unique nutritional needs. Reducing chronic disease through diet requires greater precision in (<i>a</i>) establishing essential nutrient needs throughout the life cycle in both health and disease; (<i>b</i>) considering effects of nutrients and other food substances on metabolic, immunological, inflammatory, and other physiological responses supporting healthy aging; and (<i>c</i>) considering healthy eating behaviors. Herein we provide a template for guiding population-based eating recommendations for reducing chronic diseases in heterogenous populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"385-407"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10413353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-030404
Veena Sangkhae, Allison L Fisher, Tomas Ganz, Elizabeta Nemeth
{"title":"Iron Homeostasis During Pregnancy: Maternal, Placental, and Fetal Regulatory Mechanisms.","authors":"Veena Sangkhae, Allison L Fisher, Tomas Ganz, Elizabeta Nemeth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-030404","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-030404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy entails a large negative balance of iron, an essential micronutrient. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase substantially to support both maternal red blood cell expansion and the development of the placenta and fetus. As insufficient iron has long been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, universal iron supplementation is common practice before and during pregnancy. However, in high-resource countries with iron fortification of staple foods and increased red meat consumption, the effects of too much iron supplementation during pregnancy have become a concern because iron excess has also been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we address physiologic iron homeostasis of the mother, placenta, and fetus and discuss perturbations in iron homeostasis that result in pathological pregnancy. As many mechanistic regulatory systems have been deduced from animal models, we also discuss the principles learned from these models and how these may apply to human pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"279-300"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10723031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10044310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2023-08-21Epub Date: 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-020321
James M Ntambi, Patrick J Stover
{"title":"A Conversation with James Ntambi.","authors":"James M Ntambi, Patrick J Stover","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-020321","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-020321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An interview with James M. Ntambi, professor of biochemistry and the Katherine Berns Van Donk Steenbock Professor in Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, took place via Zoom in April 2022. He was interviewed by Patrick J. Stover, director of the Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture and professor of nutrition and biochemistry and biophysics at Texas A&M University. Dr. James Ntambi is a true pioneer in the field of nutritional biochemistry. He was among the very first to discover and elucidate the role that diet and nutrients play in regulating metabolism through changes in the expression of metabolic genes, focusing on the de novo lipogenesis pathways. As an African immigrant from Uganda, his love of science and his life experiences in African communities suffering from severe malnutrition molded his scientific interests at the interface of biochemistry and nutrition. Throughout his career, he has been an academic role model, a groundbreaking nutrition scientist, and an educator. His commitment to experiential learning through the many study-abroad classes he has hosted in Uganda has provided invaluable context for American students in nutrition. Dr. Ntambi's passion for education and scientific discovery is his legacy, and the field of nutrition has benefited enormously from his unique perspectives and contributions to science that are defined by his scientific curiosity, his generosity to his students and colleagues, and his life experiences. The following is an edited transcript.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}