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Melatonin as a time-meaningful signal in circadian organization of immune response. 褪黑素在免疫反应的昼夜组织中作为一个有时间意义的信号。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014567
D P Cardinali, L I Brusco, R A Cutrera, P Castrillón, A I Esquifino
{"title":"Melatonin as a time-meaningful signal in circadian organization of immune response.","authors":"D P Cardinali,&nbsp;L I Brusco,&nbsp;R A Cutrera,&nbsp;P Castrillón,&nbsp;A I Esquifino","doi":"10.1159/000014567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin is synthesized and secreted during the dark period of the light/dark cycle. The rhythmic nocturnal melatonin secretion is directly generated by the circadian clock, located within the suprachiasmatic nuclei in mammals and is entrained to a 24-hour period by the light-dark cycle. The periodic secretion of melatonin may be used as a circadian mediator to any system that can 'read' the message. Melatonin seems to act as an arm of the circadian clock, giving a time-related signal to a number of body functions; one of these, the circadian organization of the defense of the organism, is discussed in some detail as an example.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"41-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Melatonin receptors and signal transduction mechanisms. 褪黑素受体与信号转导机制。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014563
P Barrett, M Morris, W S Choi, A Ross, P J Morgan
{"title":"Melatonin receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.","authors":"P Barrett,&nbsp;M Morris,&nbsp;W S Choi,&nbsp;A Ross,&nbsp;P J Morgan","doi":"10.1159/000014563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ovine pars tuberalis (PT) still offers the best model for the study of signal transduction pathways regulated by the melatonin receptor. From the evidence accumulated so far, it seems likely that the cAMP signal transduction pathway will be a major effector of a stimulatory signal to the PT which can be regulated by melatonin. Thus a principal action of melatonin in the PT may be the repression of biochemical processes driven by cAMP. However, through the phenomenon of sensitization, melatonin may also act to amplify a stimulatory input to the cAMP signal transduction pathway in the PT. These events are mediated via the melatonin receptor, which is itself a target for regulation by the melatonin signal. Studies using the PT have identified several signalling pathways that may serve to positively or negatively regulate the expression of the melatonin receptor. These and other studies in the PT have alluded to cAMP-independent pathways regulated by the melatonin receptor.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20957979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Effects of near-ultraviolet (UV-A) light on melatonin biosynthesis in vertebrate pineal gland. 近紫外线(UV-A)光对脊椎动物松果体褪黑激素生物合成的影响。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014570
J B Zawilska, J Rosiak, J Z Nowak
{"title":"Effects of near-ultraviolet (UV-A) light on melatonin biosynthesis in vertebrate pineal gland.","authors":"J B Zawilska,&nbsp;J Rosiak,&nbsp;J Z Nowak","doi":"10.1159/000014570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of near-ultraviolet (UV-A) irradiation on nocturnal activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT; a key regulatory enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis) in the pineal gland of the rat and chick were investigated. Exposure of the animals to UV-A during the 4th or 5th hour of the dark phase of the 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle suppressed the night-driven NAT activity in a time-dependent manner, the effects being generally more pronounced in rats than in chicks. The UV-A-evoked suppression of the nocturnal NAT activity was completely restored within 2 h (chicks) or 3 h (rats) in animals which, after irradiation, were returned to darkness. When a short UV-A pulse was applied to the animals after midnight, it induced a decrease in the enzyme activity in both species; yet, the effect was readily reversible only in chicks. The results presented here, as well as other data, demonstrate that UV-A light is a powerful signal affecting the pineal melatonin-generating system both in mammals and avians, and that the involved mechanisms may differ in the tested species.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"64-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Melatonin in circadian sleep disorders in the blind. 褪黑素在盲人昼夜睡眠障碍中的作用。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014575
D J Skene, S W Lockley, J Arendt
{"title":"Melatonin in circadian sleep disorders in the blind.","authors":"D J Skene,&nbsp;S W Lockley,&nbsp;J Arendt","doi":"10.1159/000014575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of sleep patterns in blind people demonstrates a high prevalence of sleep disorders. Our studies have shown that subjects with no conscious light perception (NPL) have a higher occurrence and more severe sleep disorders than those with some degree of light perception (LP). A detailed study of 49 blind individuals showed that those with NPL are likely to have free-running (FR) circadian rhythms (aMT6s, cortisol) including sleep. Non-24-hour (or FR) sleep-wake disorder, characterised by periods of good and bad sleep is a condition that may benefit from melatonin treatment. Melatonin has been administered to NPL subjects with FR circadian rhythms and compared with placebo (or the no-treatment baseline) sleep parameters improved. The results suggest that prior knowledge of the subject's type of circadian rhythm, and timing of treatment in relation to the individual's circadian phase, may improve the efficacy of melatonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"90-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20957788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Protective effect of melatonin on zymosan-induced cellular damage. 褪黑素对酵素诱导的细胞损伤的保护作用。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014582
S Cuzzocrea, A P Caputi
{"title":"Protective effect of melatonin on zymosan-induced cellular damage.","authors":"S Cuzzocrea,&nbsp;A P Caputi","doi":"10.1159/000014582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether in vivo melatonin treatment inhibits cellular injury induced by peroxynitrite production and PARS activation in macrophages collected from rats subjected to zymosan-induced shock. Macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity exhibited a significant production of peroxynitrite, as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine 123. Furthermore, zymosan-induced shock suppressed macrophage mitochondrial respiration, DNA strand breakage, activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase (PARS) and reduction of cellular levels of NAD+. In vivo treatment with melatonin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h after zymosan injection) significantly and dose-dependently reduced peroxynitrite formation and prevented the appearance of DNA damage, decrease in mitochondrial respiration, loss of cellular levels of NAD+ and PARS activation. Our study supports the view that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatoy effect of melatonin is also correlated with the inhibition of peroxynitrite production and PARS activation. In conclusion, melatonin may be a novel pharmacological approach to prevent cell injury in inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"136-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
The dim light melatonin onset, melatonin assays and biological rhythm research in humans. 昏暗光线下褪黑素的发生、褪黑素测定及人体生物节律研究。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014573
A J Lewy
{"title":"The dim light melatonin onset, melatonin assays and biological rhythm research in humans.","authors":"A J Lewy","doi":"10.1159/000014573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most useful marker for human circadian phase position is the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). This is optimally obtained by sampling blood or saliva in the evening at intervals of 30 min or less. Ambient light intensity should not exceed 30-50 lx. For many years, the DLMO was determined mainly with the 'gold standard' GCMS technique for measuring melatonin in human plasma. However, new and improved RIAs now provide the requisite sensitivity and accuracy (specificity) for detecting the time that low daytime levels begin to increase in the evening: the lower the operational threshold for the DLMO, the more reliable it is as a phase marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20957786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 71
Effect of melatonin in selected populations of sleep-disturbed patients. 褪黑素对睡眠障碍患者的影响。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014580
L I Brusco, I Fainstein, M Márquez, D P Cardinali
{"title":"Effect of melatonin in selected populations of sleep-disturbed patients.","authors":"L I Brusco,&nbsp;I Fainstein,&nbsp;M Márquez,&nbsp;D P Cardinali","doi":"10.1159/000014580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an open pilot study on the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders, patients with sleep disturbances alone, patients with sleep disturbances and signs of depression and patients with sleep disorders and dementia received 3 mg melatonin p.o. for 21 days, at bed time. After 2-3 days of treatment, melatonin significantly augmented sleep quality and decreased the number of awakening episodes in patients with sleep disturbances associated or not with depression. Estimates of next-day alertness improved significantly only in patients with primary insomnia. Agitated behavior at night (sundowning) decreased significantly in dementia patients. In a second retrospective study, 14 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients received 9 mg melatonin daily for 22-35 months. A significant improvement of sleep quality was found, while there were no significant differences between initial and final neuropsychological evaluation (Functional Assessment Tool for AD, Mini-Mental). The results indicate that melatonin can be useful to treat sleep disturbances in elderly insomniacs and AD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"126-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 81
Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin: a melatonin metabolite generated as a result of hydroxyl radical scavenging. 环3-羟基褪黑素:由于清除羟基自由基而产生的褪黑素代谢物。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014571
D X Tan, L C Manchester, R J Reiter, B F Plummer
{"title":"Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin: a melatonin metabolite generated as a result of hydroxyl radical scavenging.","authors":"D X Tan,&nbsp;L C Manchester,&nbsp;R J Reiter,&nbsp;B F Plummer","doi":"10.1159/000014571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pineal secretory product, melatonin, is a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical (HO.) scavenger. When melatonin was incubated in different in vitro cell-free HO.-generating systems, a novel melatonin adduct was formed. The molecular weight of this new compound is 248. Its structure was found to be cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM). A proposed reaction pathway suggests that 3-OHM is the footprint product of the interaction between melatonin with HO. 3-OHM was also detected in the urine of both rats and humans. This urinary metabolite is identical to the compound generated in the in vitro chemical reaction between HO. and melatonin. This provides direct evidence that melatonin, under physiological conditions, functions as an antioxidant to detoxify the most reactive and cytotoxic endogenous HO. When exogenous melatonin was administered to young rats, urinary 3-OHM levels increased significantly in the treated rats compared to those in controls. This indicates that even in young animals there is insufficient endogenously produced melatonin to detoxify the basal levels of the toxic HO. The accumulated damage induced by the escaped HO. that results when the HO. avoids detoxification over the course of a life time may directly or indirectly accelerate aging and aging-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"70-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Aspects of melatonin manufacturing and requirements for a reliable active component. 褪黑素的制造和对可靠活性成分的要求。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014583
R Laforce, K Rigozzi, M Paganetti, W Mossi, P Guainazzi, G Calderari
{"title":"Aspects of melatonin manufacturing and requirements for a reliable active component.","authors":"R Laforce,&nbsp;K Rigozzi,&nbsp;M Paganetti,&nbsp;W Mossi,&nbsp;P Guainazzi,&nbsp;G Calderari","doi":"10.1159/000014583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercially available melatonin was found to contain impurities associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). From sample analysis, remarkable differences in impurity profiles between the active ingredient from various suppliers could be found. An industrial process was developed which guarantees a high purity melatonin active ingredient. All potential impurities have been characterized and synthetized for analytical conformity with pharmaceutical regulations. To avoid any side effects from impurities, only high-purity melatonin should be utilized from the laboratory through to commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"143-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608. 褪黑素与CGP 52608的抗增殖作用。
Biological signals and receptors Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000014572
M Karasek, M Pawlikowski
{"title":"Antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608.","authors":"M Karasek,&nbsp;M Pawlikowski","doi":"10.1159/000014572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000014572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608, an exogenous ligand for RZR/ROR receptors, are compared in the present paper. Both compounds exerted similar inhibitory effects on the proliferation of neoplastic cells in mouse colonic adenocarcinoma, DU 145 human prostate cancer, MCF-7 human breast carcinoma, and rat diethylstilbestrol-induced prolactinoma. Although it has been suggested that melatonin may influence the proliferation of tumor cells via RZR/ROR receptors, it cannot be excluded that the antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608 are unrelated and mediated by different intracellular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":79565,"journal":{"name":"Biological signals and receptors","volume":"8 1-2","pages":"75-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000014572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
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