Anxiety最新文献

{"title":"The DSM-IV panic disorder field trial: Panic attack frequency and functional disability","authors":"Abby J. Fyer,&nbsp;Wayne Katon,&nbsp;Michael Hollifield,&nbsp;Hilary Rassnick,&nbsp;Salvatore Mannuzza,&nbsp;Tim Chapman,&nbsp;James C. Ballenger","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<157::AID-ANXI1>3.0.CO;2-L","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<157::AID-ANXI1>3.0.CO;2-L","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The goal of the DSM-IV panic disorder field trial was to provide an empirical basis for choosing between alternate proposals (DSM-III-R and proposed DSM-IV) for the diagnostic threshold for panic disorder, in particular the number and frequency of panic attacks required for diagnosis. The two criteria sets were compared with respect to their ability to identify individuals whose panic attacks were associated with distress, impairment, or help-seeking. Subjects were a convenience sample screened in three geographically diverse primary care clinics for presence (past 6 months) or absence (lifetime) of panic attacks. Each underwent a clinician-administered semistructured interview which included assessment of panic frequency, panic-related impairment, psychiatric diagnosis, health services utilization, and medical illness. Self-perceived health-related quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire. Although both proposals diagnosed the same proportion of panic-impaired individuals, they were not completely overlapping. Twenty percent of subjects diagnosed by each criteria set were excluded by the other. Subjects who had been excluded by the DSM-III-R but included by the DSM-IV proposal were those with fewer than 4 attacks in 4 weeks who also denied worry about the “next” attack. Broadening the worry criterion to include concerns about the health implications of attacks enabled diagnosis of this group. Subjects who met DSM-III-R, but not the proposed DSM-IV criteria, had 4 attacks in 4 weeks but denied any panic related worry. Modification of the DSM-IV proposal to include a month of worry or “a significant change in behavior related to the attacks” allowed inclusion of this group in the diagnostic category. These data suggest that the finalized DSM-IV panic disorder criteria will diagnose a greater proportion of individuals whose panic attacks are associated with impairment without inflating the diagnostic category or significantly reducing specificity. Anxiety 2:157–166 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 4","pages":"157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<157::AID-ANXI1>3.0.CO;2-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20108095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of RDC, DSM-III, DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder","authors":"Susan I. Wolk,&nbsp;Ewald Horwath,&nbsp;Rise B. Goldstein,&nbsp;Priya Wickramaratne,&nbsp;Myrna M. Weissman","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:2<71::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-G","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:2<71::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-G","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>The diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been controversial since its inception. It remains unclear whether more stringent diagnostic criteria, such as in DSM-III-R, have improved the validity of GAD. Family studies suggest that GAD aggregates at least weakly in families of probands with GAD, and support the separation of panic disorder (PD) and GAD. Therefore, we can use a family study design to examine the validity of GAD. Independent familial transmission of GAD supports the validity of GAD. We report here the risk of GAD according to RDC, DSM-III, and DSM-III-R criteria in the first-degree relatives of probands from four diagnostic groups: panic disorder, panic disorder with major depression, early-onset major depression (MDD), and normal controls. We did not find an elevated risk of DSM-III or DSM-III-R GAD in the relatives of any of the ill proband groups compared to the relatives of the never mentally ill when controlling for proband comorbidity for GAD. In contrast, RDC GAD aggregates in the first-degree relatives of probands from both of the PD proband groups (with and without MDD) compared to relatives of the normal control group. The inclusion of cases of subsyndromal panic attacks that did not meet the strict RDC for panic disorder as meeting the less restrictive RDC for GAD may partially account for the familial aggregation of RDC panic disorder and RDC GAD. RDC GAD seems to identify one or more syndrome(s) that may be on the familial spectrum of panic disorder. This syndrome may represent a mild or early variant of panic disorder. We also found a trend for RDC and DSM-III GAD to aggregate in the first-degree relatives of the MDD proband group compared to the relatives of the never mentally ill controls. These data suggest that GAD demonstrates more independent familial transmission from PD and MDD when defined by DSM-III-R criteria than when defined by RDC or DSM-III, and thus support the validity of DSM-III-R GAD. Anxiety 2:71–79 (1996).</i> © <i>1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 2","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:2<71::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20108155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures. Francine Shapiro. Guilford Press, New York, 1995 398 pp, $40.00","authors":"Richard J. McNally","doi":"10.1002/anxi.3070020302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anxi.3070020302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 3","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/anxi.3070020302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50822565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Editted by John S. March. Guilford Press, New York, 1995 448 pp, $40.00","authors":"Andrea L. Hazen","doi":"10.1002/anxi.3070020303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/anxi.3070020303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 3","pages":"154-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/anxi.3070020303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50822659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What predicts improvement and compliance during the behavioral treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder?","authors":"Alec W. Buchanan,&nbsp;Ko Soo Meng,&nbsp;Isaac M. Marks","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<22::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-F","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<22::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-F","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with treatment compliance and clinical improvement when obsessive compulsive disorder is treated with graded exposure and response prevention. The sample consisted of all patients with a diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder admitted over a 3-year period to a unit specialising in behavioral treatment. All subjects were diagnosed using reliable diagnostic criteria and all were followed-up for 12 months. A range of social and clinical variables was examined using stepwise regression analysis. Treatment compliance was associated with being employed during treatment and living with one's family. Clinical improvement was associated with never having been treated previously, being employed during treatment, having a fear of contamination, having overt ritualistic behaviour, the absence of depression and living with one's family. Anxiety 2:22–27 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<22::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperamental variables in PTSD patients","authors":"Moshe Kotler,&nbsp;Hagit Cohen,&nbsp;Michael Alex Matar,&nbsp;Marian Amir,&nbsp;Avi Bleich,&nbsp;Zeev Kaplan","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:5<251::AID-ANXI8>3.0.CO;2-P","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:5<251::AID-ANXI8>3.0.CO;2-P","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 5","pages":"251-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:5<251::AID-ANXI8>3.0.CO;2-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-random associations between fears, beliefs and behaviors among panic patients.","authors":"H Middleton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-report questionnaires have been used to compare panic patients' fears, anxious thoughts and behaviors with those of a group of controls. Individual items revealed significant differences between groups in all three areas: factor analysis revealed group differences in the pattern of intraquestionnaire associations between items. Correlational analysis of factor scores revealed significant group differences in the pattern of interquestionnaire associations. These findings only partly support a formulation of panic based upon \"catastrophic interpretations.\" On the other hand, they do provide evidence of cognitive rigidity among panic patients which can be interpreted as evidence of impaired effortful processing when anxious.</p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 6","pages":"265-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory monitoring of respiration in anxiety.","authors":"J M Martinez,&nbsp;L A Papp,&nbsp;J D Coplan,&nbsp;D E Anderson,&nbsp;C M Mueller,&nbsp;D F Klein,&nbsp;J M Gorman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ambulatory monitor, body suit, and calibration procedure were developed to compare the respiration of seven patients with panic disorder and twelve normal volunteers. Subjects wore a body suit with Respitrace bands, connected to a portable respiratory monitor for a period of 24 hours. Breath by breath values for respiratory rate and tidal volume were computed every two minutes. There was a significant difference between patients and controls in their patterns of minute ventilation during sleep. Tidal volume, rather that respiratory rate increases characterized the periods of anxiety and limited symptom attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 6","pages":"296-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term course and outcome in panic disorder: A naturalistic follow-up study","authors":"Deborah S. Cowley,&nbsp;Susan N. Flick,&nbsp;Peter P. Roy-Byrne","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<13::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-E","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<13::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-E","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fifty-five of 102 consecutively evaluated patients with panic disorder seen in consultation at a specialty anxiety and mood disorders clinic were reinterviewed from 15 to 60 months later after naturalistic treatment in the community. Over the follow-up period, most patients displayed improvement in panic attack frequency and severity, phobic avoidance, depression, and major role functioning, although only five (10%) were asymptomatic on all measures at follow-up. The majority of patients with impaired interpersonal functioning showed no improvement on this measure. Thirty percent of the patients were panic-free at 12 months and 28% at the time of follow-up, with 43% experiencing at least three panic-free months during the follow-up period. Comorbid agoraphobia, major depression, and Axis II disorders were associated with worse outcome on selected measures of symptomatic and functional impairment. However, the strongest predictors of overall improvement were avoidance coping for outcome at 12 months and Axis I comorbidity for outcome at the time of the follow-up evaluation. Anxiety 2:13–21 (1996). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:1<13::AID-ANXI2>3.0.CO;2-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20107015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypervigilance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","authors":"Cheri L. Wiggs,&nbsp;Alex Martin,&nbsp;Margaret Altemus,&nbsp;Dennis L. Murphy","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:3<123::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:3<123::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>The hypothesis that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from hypervigilant attention was investigated via explicit memory (incidental recall and recognition) and priming (reading speed) measures. OCD patients did not differ from normal controls on explicit measures of memory; specifically, recognition of unusual words (experiment 1) and recall and recognition of words and feature-specific information (experiment 2). Although both normal controls and OCD patients showed priming, the pattern of priming differed for the two groups (experiment 2). Specifically, patients with OCD failed to show feature-specific priming, suggesting they may have attended more focally on the priming task than did normal controls. These findings support previous reports of normal performance in OCD on explicit memory tasks, but suggest more sensitive measures may reflect differences in processing information. Anxiety 2:123–129 (1996).</i> © <i>1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79474,"journal":{"name":"Anxiety","volume":"2 3","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:3<123::AID-ANXI3>3.0.CO;2-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20108091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}