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Annual review of microbiology最新文献

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The Origin of Metazoan Multicellularity: A Potential Microbial Black Swan Event. 后生动物多细胞性的起源：一个潜在的微生物黑天鹅事件。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120023
Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Koryu Kin, Elena Casacuberta
{"title":"The Origin of Metazoan Multicellularity: A Potential Microbial Black Swan Event.","authors":"Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo,&nbsp;Koryu Kin,&nbsp;Elena Casacuberta","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120023","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of animals from their unicellular ancestors is a major evolutionary event. Thanks to the study of diverse close unicellular relatives of animals, we now have a better grasp of what the unicellular ancestor of animals was like. However, it is unclear how that unicellular ancestor of animals became the first animals. To explain this transition, two popular theories, the choanoblastaea and the synzoospore, have been proposed. We will revise and expose the flaws in these two theories while showing that, due to the limits of our current knowledge, the origin of animals is a biological black swan event. As such, the origin of animals defies retrospective explanations. Therefore, we should be extra careful not to fall for confirmation biases based on few data and, instead, embrace this uncertainty and be open to alternative scenarios. With the aim to broaden the potential explanations on how animals emerged, we here propose two novel and alternative scenarios. In any case, to find the answer to how animals evolved, additional data will be required, as will the hunt for microscopic creatures that are closely related to animals but have not yet been sampled and studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"499-516"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Recent Advances in Understanding the Human Fungal Pathogen Hypoxia Response in Disease Progression. 了解人类真菌病原体在疾病进展中的缺氧反应的最新进展。
IF 8.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745
Charles Puerner, Sandeep Vellanki, Julianne L Strauch, Robert A Cramer
{"title":"Recent Advances in Understanding the Human Fungal Pathogen Hypoxia Response in Disease Progression.","authors":"Charles Puerner, Sandeep Vellanki, Julianne L Strauch, Robert A Cramer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal-mediated disease progression and antifungal drug efficacy are significantly impacted by the dynamic infection microenvironment. At the site of infection, oxygen often becomes limiting and induces a hypoxia response in both the fungal pathogen and host cells. The fungal hypoxia response impacts several important aspects of fungal biology that contribute to pathogenesis, virulence, antifungal drug susceptibility, and ultimately infection outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia response in the most common human fungal pathogens, discuss potential therapeutic opportunities, and highlight important areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"403-425"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11034785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural Insights into Type III Secretion Systems of the Bacterial Flagellum and Injectisome. 细菌鞭毛和注射异构体III型分泌系统的结构见解。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025503
Liam J Worrall, Dorothy D Majewski, Natalie C J Strynadka
{"title":"Structural Insights into Type III Secretion Systems of the Bacterial Flagellum and Injectisome.","authors":"Liam J Worrall,&nbsp;Dorothy D Majewski,&nbsp;Natalie C J Strynadka","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025503","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines-the broadly disseminated rotary flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell-puncturing injectisome essential to specific pathogenic species-utilize at their core a conserved export machinery called the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS not only secretes the components that self-assemble into their extracellular appendages but also, in the case of the injectisome, subsequently directly translocates modulating effector proteins from the bacterial cell into the infected host. The injectisome is thought to have evolved from the flagellum as a minimal secretory system lacking motility, with the subsequent acquisition of additional components tailored to its specialized role in manipulating eukaryotic hosts for pathogenic advantage. Both nanomachines have long been the focus of intense interest, but advances in structural and functional understanding have taken a significant step forward since 2015, facilitated by the revolutionary advances in cryo-electron microscopy technologies. With several seminal structures of each nanomachine now captured, we review here the molecular similarities and differences that underlie their diverse functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"669-698"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Virulence Reprogramming in Bacterial Pathogens. 细菌病原体的毒力重编程机制。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025954
Jianuan Zhou, Hongmei Ma, Lianhui Zhang
{"title":"Mechanisms of Virulence Reprogramming in Bacterial Pathogens.","authors":"Jianuan Zhou,&nbsp;Hongmei Ma,&nbsp;Lianhui Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025954","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria are single-celled organisms that carry a comparatively small set of genetic information, typically consisting of a few thousand genes that can be selectively activated or repressed in an energy-efficient manner and transcribed to encode various biological functions in accordance with environmental changes. Research over the last few decades has uncovered various ingenious molecular mechanisms that allow bacterial pathogens to sense and respond to different environmental cues or signals to activate or suppress the expression of specific genes in order to suppress host defenses and establish infections. In the setting of infection, pathogenic bacteria have evolved various intelligent mechanisms to reprogram their virulence to adapt to environmental changes and maintain a dominant advantage over host and microbial competitors in new niches. This review summarizes the bacterial virulence programming mechanisms that enable pathogens to switch from acute to chronic infection, from local to systemic infection, and from infection to colonization. It also discusses the implications of these findings for the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"561-581"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Candida auris Genetics and Emergence. 耳念珠菌遗传学与发生。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-015858
Anuradha Chowdhary, Kusum Jain, Neeraj Chauhan
{"title":"<i>Candida auris</i> Genetics and Emergence.","authors":"Anuradha Chowdhary,&nbsp;Kusum Jain,&nbsp;Neeraj Chauhan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-015858","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-015858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida auris</i> is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that presents a serious threat to global human health. Since the first reported case in 2009 in Japan, <i>C. auris</i> infections have been reported in more than 40 countries, with mortality rates between 30% and 60%. In addition, <i>C. auris</i> has the potential to cause outbreaks in health care settings, especially in nursing homes for elderly patients, owing to its efficient transmission via skin-to-skin contact. Most importantly, <i>C. auris</i> is the first fungal pathogen to show pronounced and sometimes untreatable clinical drug resistance to all known antifungal classes, including azoles, amphotericin B, and echinocandins. In this review, we explore the causes of the rapid spread of <i>C. auris</i>. We also highlight its genome organization and drug resistance mechanisms and propose future research directions that should be undertaken to curb the spread of this multidrug-resistant pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"583-602"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Dynamic Fungal Genome: Polyploidy, Aneuploidy and Copy Number Variation in Response to Stress. 真菌动态基因组：多倍体、非整倍体和拷贝数在应激反应中的变化。
IF 8.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-112443
Pétra Vande Zande, Xin Zhou, Anna Selmecki
{"title":"The Dynamic Fungal Genome: Polyploidy, Aneuploidy and Copy Number Variation in Response to Stress.","authors":"Pétra Vande Zande, Xin Zhou, Anna Selmecki","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-112443","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-112443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal species have dynamic genomes and often exhibit genomic plasticity in response to stress. This genome plasticity often comes with phenotypic consequences that affect fitness and resistance to stress. Fungal pathogens exhibit genome plasticity in both clinical and agricultural settings and often during adaptation to antifungal drugs, posing significant challenges to human health. Therefore, it is important to understand the rates, mechanisms, and impact of large genomic changes. This review addresses the prevalence of polyploidy, aneuploidy, and copy number variation across diverse fungal species, with special attention to prominent fungal pathogens and model species. We also explore the relationship between environmental stress and rates of genomic changes and highlight the mechanisms underlying genotypic and phenotypic changes. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamic fungal genomes is needed to identify novel solutions for the increase in antifungal drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"341-361"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10282112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Versatility and Complexity: Common and Uncommon Facets of LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators. 变通性和复杂性：LysR型转录调控因子的常见和不常见方面。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-050323-040543
Alyssa C Baugh, Cory Momany, Ellen L Neidle
{"title":"Versatility and Complexity: Common and Uncommon Facets of LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators.","authors":"Alyssa C Baugh,&nbsp;Cory Momany,&nbsp;Ellen L Neidle","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-050323-040543","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-050323-040543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) form one of the largest families of bacterial regulators. They are widely distributed and contribute to all aspects of metabolism and physiology. Most are homotetramers, with each subunit composed of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain followed by a long helix connecting to an effector-binding domain. LTTRs typically bind DNA in the presence or absence of a small-molecule ligand (effector). In response to cellular signals, conformational changes alter DNA interactions, contact with RNA polymerase, and sometimes contact with other proteins. Many are dual-function repressor-activators, although different modes of regulation may occur at multiple promoters. This review presents an update on the molecular basis of regulation, the complexity of regulatory schemes, and applications in biotechnology and medicine. The abundance of LTTRs reflects their versatility and importance. While a single regulatory model cannot describe all family members, a comparison of similarities and differences provides a framework for future study.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"317-339"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10627463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The Listeria Paradigm. 将细菌提升到模型系统的级别：李斯特菌范式。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841
Pascale Cossart
{"title":"Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The <i>Listeria</i> Paradigm.","authors":"Pascale Cossart","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>My scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Toward Microbiome Engineering: Expanding the Repertoire of Genetically Tractable Members of the Human Gut Microbiome. 走向微生物组工程：扩大人类肠道微生物组可遗传成员的库。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-112304
James W Marsh, Christian Kirk, Ruth E Ley
{"title":"Toward Microbiome Engineering: Expanding the Repertoire of Genetically Tractable Members of the Human Gut Microbiome.","authors":"James W Marsh,&nbsp;Christian Kirk,&nbsp;Ruth E Ley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-112304","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-112304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic manipulation is necessary to interrogate the functions of microbes in their environments, such as the human gut microbiome. Yet, the vast majority of human gut microbiome species are not genetically tractable. Here, we review the hurdles to seizing genetic control of more species. We address the barriers preventing the application of genetic techniques to gut microbes and report on genetic systems currently under development. While methods aimed at genetically transforming many species simultaneously in situ show promise, they are unable to overcome many of the same challenges that exist for individual microbes. Unless a major conceptual breakthrough emerges, the genetic tractability of the microbiome will remain an arduous task. Increasing the list of genetically tractable organisms from the human gut remains one of the highest priorities for microbiome research and will provide the foundation for microbiome engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"427-449"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10645418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Electron Transfer Beyond the Outer Membrane: Putting Electrons to Rest. 超越外膜的电子转移：使电子静止。
IF 10.5 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032221-023725
J A Gralnick, D R Bond
{"title":"Electron Transfer Beyond the Outer Membrane: Putting Electrons to Rest.","authors":"J A Gralnick,&nbsp;D R Bond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032221-023725","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032221-023725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is the physiological process that enables the reduction or oxidation of molecules and minerals beyond the surface of a microbial cell. The first bacteria characterized with this capability were <i>Shewanella</i> and <i>Geobacter</i>, both reported to couple their growth to the reduction of iron or manganese oxide minerals located extracellularly. A key difference between EET and nearly every other respiratory activity on Earth is the need to transfer electrons beyond the cell membrane. The past decade has resolved how well-conserved strategies conduct electrons from the inner membrane to the outer surface. However, recent data suggest a much wider and less well understood collection of mechanisms enabling electron transfer to distant acceptors. This review reflects the current state of knowledge from <i>Shewanella</i> and <i>Geobacter</i>, specifically focusing on transfer across the outer membrane and beyond-an activity that enables reduction of highly variable minerals, electrodes, and even other organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"77 ","pages":"517-539"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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