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Annual review of microbiology最新文献

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Carbon Metabolism of Intracellular Parasitic Protists. 细胞内寄生原生生物的碳代谢。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120925
Malcolm J McConville, Eleanor C Saunders, Julie E Ralton
{"title":"Carbon Metabolism of Intracellular Parasitic Protists.","authors":"Malcolm J McConville, Eleanor C Saunders, Julie E Ralton","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120925","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apicomplexan and trypanosomatid parasites cause important human diseases, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, and human leishmaniasis. The mammalian-infective stages of these parasites colonize nutrient-rich, intracellular niches in a range of different host cells. These niches include specialized vacuoles (<i>Plasmodium</i> spp., <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>), the mature lysosome of phagocytic cells (<i>Leishmania</i>), and the cytoplasm of nucleated host cells (<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>). Here, we review the different growth and metabolic strategies utilized by each of these protists to survive in these niches. Although all stages utilize sugars as preferred carbon sources, different species or developmental stages vary markedly in their dependence on aerobic fermentation versus respiratory metabolism and their co-utilization of other carbon sources. Stage-specific differences in glycolytic and mitochondrial respiratory capacity may be a hardwired feature of each stage and reflect the trade-off of achieving high growth rates at the expense of host range adaptability and establishing long-lived persistent infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"573-594"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. 撒哈拉以南非洲的机会性真菌感染。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-121423-115959
Lucian Duvenage, Emily Ruth Higgitt, Rachael Dangarembizi, J Claire Hoving
{"title":"Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Lucian Duvenage, Emily Ruth Higgitt, Rachael Dangarembizi, J Claire Hoving","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-121423-115959","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-121423-115959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunistic fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The high prevalence of advanced HIV disease, limited surveillance and reporting of fungal disease, and lack of access to healthcare lead to a disproportionate number of fungal-related deaths in this region. This review explores selected fungal pathogens associated with the highest mortality rates: <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>, as well as endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens <i>Histoplasma</i> spp. and <i>Emergomyces africanus</i>, which are underreported in the region. Recent advances in our understanding of pathogenesis and how this knowledge may be exploited for the development of novel antifungals and therapies are discussed. We reflect on the risk factors unique to sub-Saharan Africa and on the diagnostic and treatment challenges, and we highlight the current research priorities that are needed to reduce the burden of fungal disease in this endemic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"129-148"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
My Life as a Pioneering Woman Scientist in a Golden Age of Science and Society. 在科学与社会的黄金时代，我作为一名先锋女科学家的生活。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-052924-120235
Carol A Gross
{"title":"My Life as a Pioneering Woman Scientist in a Golden Age of Science and Society.","authors":"Carol A Gross","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-052924-120235","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-052924-120235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>My time in science spans the period from the early 1960s to the present and has enabled me to experience science from the dawn of molecular biology to our current time of rapid technological advancement and knowledge explosion. I have also been privileged to be a part of the great democratization of science. I tell the story of this impactful time in science and society from the perspective of my personal and professional journey, starting from Lac repressor studies, progressing to studying bacterial transcription (most especially the \"σ universe\"), and now centering on the development and use of global technologies to solve the huge genotype-phenotype gap: how to acquire in years, not decades, gene function and pathway information in understudied organisms critical to human and planetary health. The scientific explosion I have witnessed also suggests that the potential for science to positively influence our world has never been higher.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Invisible Extinction. 无形的灭绝。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-092416
Martin J Blaser, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
{"title":"The Invisible Extinction.","authors":"Martin J Blaser, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-092416","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-092416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characterization of the human microbiome has opened a new chapter in understanding human biology and its relationship to health and disease. Yet we also have learned that our ancient coevolved microbiome has been changing across recent human generations; we have been losing a substantial amount of its diversity. This is especially concerning because the microbiota that we acquire early in life has important bearing on our developmental trajectory, especially with regard to metabolism, immunity, and cognition. Collectively, the early-life microbiota is a partner in our human developmental biology. We detail the medical, public health, and dietary phenomena bearing on the acquisition, maintenance, and loss of members of the microbiota and then consider the linkages between the altered microbiome and the diseases that have been emerging in recent years. Finally, we highlight ways to address and solve these problems associated with modernization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"311-334"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roles of Marine Microbial Natural Products. 海洋微生物天然产物的作用。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040824-022431
Peter Bing Svendsen, Lauge Alfastsen, Lone Gram, Nathalie N S E Henriksen, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Sheng-Da Zhang
{"title":"Roles of Marine Microbial Natural Products.","authors":"Peter Bing Svendsen, Lauge Alfastsen, Lone Gram, Nathalie N S E Henriksen, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Sheng-Da Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-040824-022431","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-040824-022431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over billions of years, marine microorganisms evolved a vast genetic potential to produce the molecules we denote as natural products or secondary metabolites. While these molecules show promise as therapeutics, their ecological roles, beyond those as antimicrobials, are receiving increasing attention. This review examines recent advances in our understanding of the ecological functions of marine microbial natural products and highlights both known and emerging roles. We summarize the involvement of these natural products in biological, ecological, and biogeochemical processes in the oceans; outline how their production may profoundly affect the producing organism; and discuss how the presence of natural product-producing microorganisms may affect microbiome composition and function. Despite progress, knowledge about the ecological roles of marine microbial natural products remains limited, and we also discuss challenges and opportunities in this field, including promising new technologies that could provide novel insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"361-382"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Do Filamentous Actinomycetota Produce Such a Vast Array of Specialized Metabolites? 为什么丝状放线菌会产生如此大量的特殊代谢物？
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-060424-051257
Luis M Cantu Morin, Kilian Dekoninck, Varun Sridhar, Saoirse Disney-McKeethen, Theresa Proctor, Ashley Y Eng, Matthew F Traxler
{"title":"Why Do Filamentous <i>Actinomycetota</i> Produce Such a Vast Array of Specialized Metabolites?","authors":"Luis M Cantu Morin, Kilian Dekoninck, Varun Sridhar, Saoirse Disney-McKeethen, Theresa Proctor, Ashley Y Eng, Matthew F Traxler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-060424-051257","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-060424-051257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria of the phylum <i>Actinomycetota</i> are extremely diverse: They inhabit niches ranging from soils and ocean sediments to the normal human microbiota, and they cause tuberculosis, one of the most prevalent chronic bacterial infections. They display an accordingly wide range of adaptive traits that enable their persistence, including, in some clades, a vast repertoire of biologically active small molecules. While humans have capitalized on this trove of useful natural products (also called secondary or specialized metabolites), the utility of these molecules for their producers has been challenging to directly assess. In this review, we consider adaptations that may have paved the way for the evolution of the expansive specialized metabolisms present in certain clades of <i>Actinomycetota</i>. We also consider the evolutionary pressures that may have driven diversification of these metabolisms and document how these organisms use these molecules in microbial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"753-772"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Central Role of Gut Microbes in Host Purine Homeostasis. 肠道微生物在宿主嘌呤稳态中的核心作用。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-100126
Heather L Emery, Robert L Kerby, Federico E Rey
{"title":"The Central Role of Gut Microbes in Host Purine Homeostasis.","authors":"Heather L Emery, Robert L Kerby, Federico E Rey","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-100126","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041522-100126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purines are ubiquitous metabolites that play evolutionarily conserved roles, including as precursors to molecules central to life. Purine synthesis is metabolically and energetically expensive; thus, under physiological conditions, intermediates of purine degradation are efficiently reused through salvage pathways. Excess purines are oxidized and eliminated via the kidneys and intestine. The efficient elimination of excess purines in humans is critical because the primary waste product of purine metabolism, uric acid, is proinflammatory and has been linked to multiple health conditions. Recent studies suggest that gut bacteria influence the purine pool locally and systemically. Bacteria can break down uric acid and other purines aerobically and anaerobically and may regulate their homeostasis. In this article, we provide an overview of purines and their metabolism, and we discuss our current understanding of the complex purine-dependent cross talk and cross-feeding between the host and the gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"615-638"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbial Enzymes for Biomass Conversion. 生物质转化微生物酶。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-051524-025214
Alex Graça Contato, Thiago Machado Pasin, Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
{"title":"Microbial Enzymes for Biomass Conversion.","authors":"Alex Graça Contato, Thiago Machado Pasin, Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051524-025214","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051524-025214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant biomass has emerged as a cornerstone of the global bioenergy landscape because of its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The cell wall of plant biomass is an intricate network of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose by holoenzymes converts these polymers into monosaccharides and paves the way for the production of bioethanol and other bio-based products. This enzymatic and fermentative process is crucial for the sustainable use of agro-industrial residues as renewable energy sources, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This review explores critical aspects of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems, all of which derive from microorganisms. Furthermore, it underscores the advantages of microbial sources and their potential for enhancing enzyme properties through genetic engineering and enzyme immobilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"663-683"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Antimicrobial and Host Defense Peptides of Drosophila melanogaster. 黑腹果蝇的抗菌肽和宿主防御肽。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-101923-100221
Mark A Hanson, Hannah E Westlake, Philippe Bulet, Bruno Lemaitre
{"title":"The Antimicrobial and Host Defense Peptides of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Mark A Hanson, Hannah E Westlake, Philippe Bulet, Bruno Lemaitre","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-101923-100221","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-101923-100221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Drosophila</i> fruit flies are a powerful model for studying innate immunity. In <i>Drosophila</i>, seven classical antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene families were identified in the 1990s. These genes are primarily regulated by the TOLL and IMD NF-κB pathways in response to infection. Analyses of mutants have revealed their important roles, including a surprising degree of peptide-microbe specificity at the effector level, in the host defense against gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Many new families of host defense peptides (HDPs) with unknown mechanisms of action are now being investigated. One prominent example is the Bomanins, which are peptides with an essential role in combatting infection by practically all gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Recent studies suggest that AMPs may have broader roles beyond direct antimicrobial activity, notably in the brain and behavior. This review summarizes what is known about each family of <i>Drosophila</i> HDPs and provides supplementary discussion for less characterized genes involved in defense against infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"79 1","pages":"335-360"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathogenic Fungal Sensing and Responses to Stressful Host Environments. 病原真菌对宿主应激环境的感知和反应。
IF 9.9 1区 生物学
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-033116
Jackson R Rapala, Faith Anderson Davis, Ajay Larkin, Teresa R O'Meara
{"title":"Pathogenic Fungal Sensing and Responses to Stressful Host Environments.","authors":"Jackson R Rapala, Faith Anderson Davis, Ajay Larkin, Teresa R O'Meara","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-033116","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-micro-051024-033116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the ubiquity of fungi in nature, only a small fraction are pathogenic to humans, and the majority of these fungi are opportunistic and affect immunocompromised individuals. In general, pathogen emergence is restricted by the ability of fungi to sense and withstand human host environmental cues and stresses. These stress responses in fungi involve immediate survival reactions as well as long-term adaptations. Additionally, some opportunistic pathogenic behavior suggests that virulence traits evolved for environmental survival, a concept known as exaptation. This review covers recent advances in examining fungal responses to host environments and focuses on stress pathways including HOG (high osmolarity glycerol) and CWI (cell wall integrity), thermotolerance mechanisms, CO<sub>2</sub> and oxygen sensing, nutrient and metal stresses, pH adaptation, and antimicrobial defenses. By focusing on both conserved and specialized responses, we highlight the critical role of stress adaptation in pathogenicity and potential avenues for further research and therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"79 1","pages":"449-473"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12813995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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