Annual review of microbiology最新文献

Porphyromonas gingivalis: Local and Systemic Virulence. 牙龈卟啉单胞菌：局部和全身毒力。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042924-025307

Richard J Lamont, George Hajishengallis

{"title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis: Local and Systemic Virulence.","authors":"Richard J Lamont, George Hajishengallis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-042924-025307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-042924-025307","url":null,"abstract":"The asaccharolytic anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is a contextually virulent keystone pathogen in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. P. gingivalis is equipped with an array of virulence factors that promote oral colonization and adaptation to the prevailing heme and oxygen levels in the periodontal ecosystem. Interactions among the oral polymicrobial community lead to increased nososymbiocity (community pathogenicity), and P. gingivalis is adept at inducing dysbiotic inflammatory responses. In particular, the decoupling of inflammation from bacterial killing mechanisms misdirects innate immunity and provides proteinaceous metabolic substrates. The properties that underlie the success of P. gingivalis also provide the framework for its versatility as a systemic pathogen. P. gingivalis can exert a systemic influence following, for example, hematogenous spread and localization at remote tissues. Additionally, secreted bioactive components and metabolites, as well as locally generated immune effectors, have the potential to disrupt homeostasis on a systemic level. The ability to subvert epithelial cell life-and-death decisions further endows P. gingivalis with oncopathogenic properties. In this review, we first examine polymicrobial synergy, colonization, and metabolic adaptation in the periodontal niche; then analyze mechanisms of immune subversion at epithelial and myeloid interfaces; and finally discuss how these strategies contribute to periodontitis and to systemic inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Syphilis Pathogenesis: Host Interactions, Immune Evasion, and Persistence of Treponema pallidum. 梅毒的发病机制：宿主相互作用、免疫逃避和梅毒螺旋体的持久性。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042524-120559

Mara C Goodyear, Tara B Reid, Caroline E Cameron, Sheila A Lukehart

{"title":"Syphilis Pathogenesis: Host Interactions, Immune Evasion, and Persistence of Treponema pallidum.","authors":"Mara C Goodyear, Tara B Reid, Caroline E Cameron, Sheila A Lukehart","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-042524-120559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-042524-120559","url":null,"abstract":"Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic and potentially devastating infection that is resurging globally. The bacterium is highly invasive, disseminates rapidly, and establishes decades-long latency that may progress to severe tissue destruction and death. T. pallidum's reduced genome contributes to its dependence on the host. Its impressive TprK antigenic variation, scarce outer membrane proteins, and periplasmic flagella provide for immune evasion, enabling persistence and reinfection. Our understanding of syphilis pathogenesis derives largely from experimental infection in rabbits and from historical studies in humans, though recent advances in continuous cultivation, genetic manipulation, hybrid-capture genome sequencing, and multi-omic approaches have opened new avenues for dissecting host-pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis. This review highlights mechanisms of syphilis pathogenesis, the central role of the immune response in disease causation and progression, and the role of new technologies in answering long-standing questions and informing vaccine development.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

25 Years Since the First Microsporidian Genome Assembly, Insights on How Genomics Has Shaped Our Understanding of Parasites with the Smallest Eukaryotic Genomes. 自第一个微孢子虫基因组组装以来的25年，基因组学如何用最小的真核生物基因组塑造了我们对寄生虫的理解。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-034850

P M Shreenidhi, Aaron W Reinke

引用次数: 0

Intraperiplasmic Predatory Bacteria: Diversity, Mechanisms, and Application as Alternatives to Antibiotics. 质内掠食性细菌：多样性、机制和作为抗生素替代品的应用。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042324-115922

Sampriti Mukherjee, Andrew L Lovering

{"title":"Intraperiplasmic Predatory Bacteria: Diversity, Mechanisms, and Application as Alternatives to Antibiotics.","authors":"Sampriti Mukherjee, Andrew L Lovering","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-042324-115922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-042324-115922","url":null,"abstract":"Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus represents one of nature's most remarkable examples of obligate bacterial predation. This small, highly motile bacterium exhibits a biphasic life cycle alternating between a free-swimming attack phase and an intraperiplasmic growth phase within gram-negative prey bacteria. Recent advances have elucidated the molecular machinery coordinating prey recognition, invasion, and host manipulation, revealing sophisticated enzymatic arsenals and regulatory networks that orchestrate the predatory program. Transcriptomic studies demonstrate precise temporal control of lytic enzymes, nutrient acquisition systems, and developmental checkpoints throughout the life cycle. Bdellovibrio and related organisms occupy diverse niches, including soil, freshwater, and the mammalian gut, where they influence bacterial community composition through top-down predation. This ecological ubiquity, combined with inherent bactericidal activity, has generated considerable interest in therapeutic applications against multidrug-resistant pathogens, with encouraging results in animal infection models. In this article, we synthesize current understanding of predatory mechanisms, environmental roles, and biotechnological potential of Bdellovibrio while identifying key knowledge gaps: the regulatory logic governing life cycle transitions, molecular determinants of host range, and predator-prey population dynamics. Addressing these questions will advance both fundamental microbiology and antimicrobial innovation.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding Bistability and Drivers of Phenotypic Variation in Bacteria. 解码细菌表型变异的双稳定性和驱动因素。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-022851

Jesús Cámara-Almirón, Milena Jaskólska, Jan-Willem Veening

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Bloodstream: The Impact of Malaria on Red Cell Development. 血液之外：疟疾对红细胞发育的影响。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-041518

Chhaminder Kaur, Tamar P Feldman, Elizabeth S Egan

引用次数: 0

Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes Complexes in Bacteria. 细菌染色体复合体的结构维持。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041222-034556

Ram Sanath-Kumar, Qin Liao, Zhongqing Ren, Xindan Wang

引用次数: 0

Adapting Architecture: Lipid Membrane Remodeling in Mycobacteria. 适应结构：分枝杆菌脂膜重塑。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-042401

Isabel Sakarin, Julian P Maceren, Jessica C Seeliger

{"title":"Adapting Architecture: Lipid Membrane Remodeling in Mycobacteria.","authors":"Isabel Sakarin, Julian P Maceren, Jessica C Seeliger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-042401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-042424-042401","url":null,"abstract":"The mycobacterial cell envelope is a formidable barrier, regarded as one of the most chemically and structurally elaborate architectures in the Bacteria kingdom. Membrane remodeling, defined as changes in membrane lipid composition in response to stressors, has been a subject of broad investigation because of its implications for permeability, antibiotic susceptibility, immunogenicity, and virulence. However, because remodeling is a highly dynamic process governed by multiple, deeply interconnected cellular response pathways, its underlying mechanisms and biophysical consequences remain incompletely understood. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of how the composition and organization of membrane lipids shift under physiologically relevant conditions, and we examine how these changes intersect with key stress response pathways. As a unifying thread connecting lipid composition, envelope architecture, and cellular function, we summarize our understanding of mycobacterial membrane biophysical properties, highlighting recent advances as well as conceptual and methodological gaps that remain in the field.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure-Based Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of LuxR-Type Quorum Sensing Receptors. 基于结构的luxr型群体感应受体分子机制研究。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-053025-083338

Irene M Stoutland, Mai V Beauclaire, Mikael H Elias, Helen E Blackwell

{"title":"Structure-Based Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of LuxR-Type Quorum Sensing Receptors.","authors":"Irene M Stoutland, Mai V Beauclaire, Mikael H Elias, Helen E Blackwell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-053025-083338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-053025-083338","url":null,"abstract":"Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to coordinate collective behaviors in response to population density. LuxI/R QS systems, common among gram-negative bacteria, consist of a LuxI-type synthase that produces an N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecule and a LuxR-type receptor that senses the AHL. At threshold AHL concentrations, LuxR-type receptors undergo ligand-induced conformational changes that affect DNA binding and target gene transcription. Because of their role in regulating myriad collective behaviors, LuxI/R systems are targets for many applications, including antivirulence strategies and the engineering of beneficial microbiomes. Recent structural studies have led to substantial progress in understanding molecular mechanisms of LuxI/R systems. However, LuxR-type receptors fall into functionally diverse subfamilies for which structural bases remain incompletely understood. In this article, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic insights into LuxR-type receptor function, including interactions with small molecules, protein partners, and DNA. We identify critical knowledge gaps that highlight the need for additional structural and mechanistic information regarding LuxI/R QS.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure and Function of the Type IX Secretion System for Protein Secretion and Cellular Motility. 蛋白质分泌和细胞运动的IX型分泌系统的结构和功能。

IF 12.2 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042324-112641

Yaëlle Aouizerate, Thierry Doan, Eric Cascales

引用次数: 0