Annual review of microbiology最新文献_第10页

Lichens. 地衣。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1vwbtss.18

V. Ahmadjian

引用次数: 0

Cell Wall Biology of Vibrio cholerae. 霍乱弧菌细胞壁生物学。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040621-122027

Laura Alvarez, Sara B Hernandez, Felipe Cava

引用次数: 5

Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of the Human Microbiome in the Era of Personalized Medicine. 个性化医疗时代人类微生物组的基因组尺度代谢建模。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-060221-012134

Almut Heinken, Arianna Basile, Johannes Hertel, Cyrille Thinnes, Ines Thiele

{"title":"Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of the Human Microbiome in the Era of Personalized Medicine.","authors":"Almut Heinken, Arianna Basile, Johannes Hertel, Cyrille Thinnes, Ines Thiele","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-060221-012134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-060221-012134","url":null,"abstract":"The human microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Meta-omics analyses provide indispensable data for linking changes in microbiome composition and function to disease etiology. Yet, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of, e.g., microbiome-metabolome links hampers the translation of these findings into effective, novel therapeutics. Here, we propose metabolic modeling of microbial communities through constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) as a complementary approach to meta-omics analyses. First, we highlight the importance of microbial metabolism in cardiometabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Next, we demonstrate that microbial community modeling can stratify patients and controls, mechanistically link microbes with fecal metabolites altered in disease, and identify host pathways affected by the microbiome. Finally, we outline our vision for COBRA modeling combined with meta-omics analyses and multivariate statistical analyses to inform and guide clinical trials, yield testable hypotheses, and ultimately propose novel dietary and therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"199-222"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39226044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

The Bacterial Hsp90 Chaperone: Cellular Functions and Mechanism of Action. 细菌Hsp90伴侣:细胞功能和作用机制。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-035644

Sue Wickner, Thu-Lan Lily Nguyen, Olivier Genest

{"title":"The Bacterial Hsp90 Chaperone: Cellular Functions and Mechanism of Action.","authors":"Sue Wickner, Thu-Lan Lily Nguyen, Olivier Genest","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-035644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-035644","url":null,"abstract":"Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that folds and remodels proteins, thereby regulating the activity of numerous substrate proteins. Hsp90 is widely conserved across species and is essential in all eukaryotes and in some bacteria under stress conditions. To facilitate protein remodeling, bacterial Hsp90 collaborates with the Hsp70 molecular chaperone and its cochaperones. In contrast, the mechanism of protein remodeling performed by eukaryotic Hsp90 is more complex, involving more than 20 Hsp90 cochaperones in addition to Hsp70 and its cochaperones. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding the basic mechanisms of bacterial Hsp90-mediated protein remodeling and the collaboration between Hsp90 and Hsp70. We describe the universally conserved structure and conformational dynamics of these chaperones and their interactions with one another and with client proteins. The physiological roles of Hsp90 in Escherichia coli and other bacteria are also discussed. We anticipate that the information gained from exploring the mechanism of the bacterial chaperone system will provide a framework for understanding the more complex eukaryotic Hsp90 system.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"719-739"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in Trypanosomes. 锥虫的细胞间异质性。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040821-012953

Vanessa Luzak, Lara López-Escobar, T Nicolai Siegel, Luisa M Figueiredo

{"title":"Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in Trypanosomes.","authors":"Vanessa Luzak, Lara López-Escobar, T Nicolai Siegel, Luisa M Figueiredo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-040821-012953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-040821-012953","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in single-cell and single-molecule techniques have revealed surprising levels of heterogeneity among isogenic cells. These advances have transformed the study of cell-to-cell heterogeneity into a major area of biomedical research, revealing that it can confer essential advantages, such as priming populations of unicellular organisms for future environmental stresses. Protozoan parasites, such as trypanosomes, face multiple and often hostile environments, and to survive, they undergo multiple changes, including changes in morphology, gene expression, and metabolism. But why does only a subset of proliferative cells differentiate to the next life cycle stage? Why do only some bloodstream parasites undergo antigenic switching while others stably express one variant surface glycoprotein? And why do some parasites invade an organ while others remain in the bloodstream? Building on extensive research performed in bacteria, here we suggest that biological noise can contribute to the fitness of eukaryotic pathogens and discuss the importance of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in trypanosome infections.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"107-128"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39154897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The History of Microbiology-A Personal Interpretation. 微生物学的历史——个人解读。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-033020-020648

Roberto Kolter

引用次数: 3

Trypanosome Signaling-Quorum Sensing. 锥虫信号——群体感应。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020321-115246

Keith R Matthews

引用次数: 18

Beyond Restriction Modification: Epigenomic Roles of DNA Methylation in Prokaryotes. 超越限制性修饰:原核生物DNA甲基化的表观基因组作用。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040521-035040

Brian P Anton, Richard J Roberts

{"title":"Beyond Restriction Modification: Epigenomic Roles of DNA Methylation in Prokaryotes.","authors":"Brian P Anton, Richard J Roberts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-040521-035040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-040521-035040","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of bacterial and archaeal genome sequence and methylome data has greatly increased over the last decade, enabling new insights into the functional roles of DNA methylation in these organisms. Methyltransferases (MTases), the enzymes responsible for DNA methylation, are exchanged between prokaryotes through horizontal gene transfer and can function either as part of restriction-modification systems or in apparent isolation as single (orphan) genes. The patterns of DNA methylation they confer on the host chromosome can have significant effects on gene expression, DNA replication, and other cellular processes. Some processes require very stable patterns of methylation, resulting in conservation of persistent MTases in a particular lineage. Other processes require patterns that are more dynamic yet more predictable than what is afforded by horizontal gene transfer and gene loss, resulting in phase-variable or recombination-driven MTase alleles. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the functions of DNA methylation in prokaryotes in light of these evolutionary patterns. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"129-149"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39226045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Origin and Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell. 真核细胞的起源和早期进化。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062213

Toni Gabaldón

{"title":"Origin and Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell.","authors":"Toni Gabaldón","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062213","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of eukaryotes has been defined as the major evolutionary transition since the origin of life itself. Most hallmark traits of eukaryotes, such as their intricate intracellular organization, can be traced back to a putative common ancestor that predated the broad diversity of extant eukaryotes. However, little is known about the nature and relative order of events that occurred in the path from preexisting prokaryotes to this already sophisticated ancestor. The origin of mitochondria from the endosymbiosis of an alphaproteobacterium is one of the few robustly established events to which most hypotheses on the origin of eukaryotes are anchored, but the debate is still open regarding the time of this acquisition, the nature of the host, and the ecological and metabolic interactions between the symbiotic partners. After the acquisition of mitochondria, eukaryotes underwent a fast radiation into several major clades whose phylogenetic relationships have been largely elusive. Recent progress in the comparative analyses of a growing number of genomes is shedding light on the early events of eukaryotic evolution as well as on the root and branching patterns of the tree of eukaryotes. Here I discuss current knowledge and debates on the origin and early evolution of eukaryotes. I focus particularly on how phylogenomic analyses have challenged some of the early assumptions about eukaryotic evolution, including the widespread idea that mitochondrial symbiosis in an archaeal host was the earliest event in eukaryogenesis.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"631-647"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39271196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Two P or Not Two P: Understanding Regulation by the Bacterial Second Messengers (p)ppGpp. 两个P或不是两个P:理解细菌第二信使(P)ppGpp的调控。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042621-122343

Gert Bange, Ditlev E Brodersen, Anastasia Liuzzi, Wieland Steinchen

{"title":"Two P or Not Two P: Understanding Regulation by the Bacterial Second Messengers (p)ppGpp.","authors":"Gert Bange, Ditlev E Brodersen, Anastasia Liuzzi, Wieland Steinchen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-042621-122343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-042621-122343","url":null,"abstract":"Under stressful growth conditions and nutrient starvation, bacteria adapt by synthesizing signaling molecules that profoundly reprogram cellular physiology. At the onset of this process, called the stringent response, members of the RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) protein superfamily are activated by specific stress stimuli to produce several hyperphosphorylated forms of guanine nucleotides, commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp. Some bifunctional RSH enzymes also harbor domains that allow for degradation of (p)ppGpp by hydrolysis. (p)ppGpp synthesis or hydrolysis may further be executed by single-domain alarmone synthetases or hydrolases, respectively. The downstream effects of (p)ppGpp rely mainly on direct interaction with specific intracellular effectors, which are widely used throughout most cellular processes. The growing number of identified (p)ppGpp targets allows us to deduce both common features of and differences between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this review, we give an overview of (p)ppGpp metabolism with a focus on the functional and structural aspects of the enzymes involved and discuss recent findings on alarmone-regulated cellular effectors.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":"75 ","pages":"383-406"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39271199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25