Annual review of microbiology最新文献_第10页

The Making of a Heterocyst in Cyanobacteria. 蓝藻异囊的形成。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-093442

Xiaoli Zeng, Cheng‐Cai Zhang

{"title":"The Making of a Heterocyst in Cyanobacteria.","authors":"Xiaoli Zeng, Cheng‐Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-093442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-093442","url":null,"abstract":"Heterocyst differentiation that occurs in some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, provides a unique model for prokaryotic developmental biology. Heterocyst cells are formed in response to combined-nitrogen deprivation and possess a microoxic environment suitable for nitrogen fixation following extensive morphological and physiological reorganization. A filament of Anabaena is a true multicellular organism, as nitrogen and carbon sources are exchanged among different cells and cell types through septal junctions to ensure filament growth. Because heterocysts are terminally differentiated cells and unable to divide, their activity is an altruistic behavior dedicated to providing fixed nitrogen for neighboring vegetative cells. Heterocyst development is also a process of one-dimensional pattern formation, as heterocysts are semiregularly intercalated among vegetative cells. Morphogens form gradients along the filament and interact with each other in a fashion that fits well into the Turing model, a mathematical framework to explain biological pattern formation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46601576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Mechanisms Underlying Vibrio cholerae Biofilm Formation and Dispersion. 霍乱弧菌生物膜形成和扩散的机制。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111021-053553

J. Teschler, C. Nadell, K. Drescher, F. Yildiz

引用次数: 23

Horizontal Gene Transfer in Archaea-From Mechanisms to Genome Evolution. 古细菌的水平基因转移——从机制到基因组进化。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040820-124627

U. Gophna, Neta Altman-Price

引用次数: 7

Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 铜绿假单胞菌生物膜胞外多糖的合成和降解调控。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-111355

Luyan Z. Ma, Di Wang, Yiwei Liu, Zhenyu Zhang, D. Wozniak

{"title":"Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Luyan Z. Ma, Di Wang, Yiwei Liu, Zhenyu Zhang, D. Wozniak","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-111355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-111355","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial communities enmeshed in a matrix of macromolecules, termed as biofilms, are the natural setting of bacteria. Exopolysaccharide is a critical matrix component of biofilms. Here, we focus on biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This opportunistic pathogen can adapt to a wide range of environments and can form biofilms or aggregates in a variety of surfaces or environments, such as the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis, catheters, wounds, and contact lenses. The ability to synthesize multiple exopolysaccharides is one of the advantages that facilitate bacterial survival in different environments. P. aeruginosa can produce several exopolysaccharides, including alginate, Psl, Pel, and lipopolysaccharide. In this review, we highlight the roles of each exopolysaccharide in P. aeruginosa biofilm development and how bacteria coordinate the biosynthesis of multiple exopolysaccharides and bacterial motility. In addition, we present advances in antibiofilm strategies targeting matrix exopolysaccharides, with a focus on glycoside hydrolases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47433836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Translating Microbiome Research From and To the Clinic. 将微生物组研究转化为临床。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-022206

Zhenrun J. Zhang, C. Lehmann, Cody G Cole, E. Pamer

引用次数: 4

Oxygenases as Powerful Weapons in the Microbial Degradation of Pesticides. 氧化酶是微生物降解农药的有力武器。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-091758

Minggen Cheng, Dian Chen, R. Parales, Jiandong Jiang

{"title":"Oxygenases as Powerful Weapons in the Microbial Degradation of Pesticides.","authors":"Minggen Cheng, Dian Chen, R. Parales, Jiandong Jiang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-091758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-091758","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygenases, which catalyze the reductive activation of O2 and incorporation of oxygen atoms into substrates, are widely distributed in aerobes. They function by switching the redox states of essential cofactors that include flavin, heme iron, Rieske non-heme iron, and Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate. This review summarizes the catalytic features of flavin-dependent monooxygenases, heme iron-dependent cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases, Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, and ring-cleavage dioxygenases, which are commonly involved in pesticide degradation. Heteroatom release (hydroxylation-coupled hetero group release), aromatic/heterocyclic ring hydroxylation to form ring-cleavage substrates, and ring cleavage are the main chemical fates of pesticides catalyzed by these oxygenases. The diversity of oxygenases, specificities for electron transport components, and potential applications of oxygenases are also discussed. This article summarizes our current understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of oxygenases and a framework for distinguishing the roles of oxygenases in pesticide degradation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44431178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Function of the Omp85 Superfamily of Outer Membrane Protein Assembly Factors and Polypeptide Transporters. 外膜蛋白组装因子和多肽转运蛋白Omp85超家族的功能。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-033021-023719

M. T. Doyle, H. Bernstein

{"title":"Function of the Omp85 Superfamily of Outer Membrane Protein Assembly Factors and Polypeptide Transporters.","authors":"M. T. Doyle, H. Bernstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-033021-023719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-033021-023719","url":null,"abstract":"The Omp85 protein superfamily is found in the outer membrane (OM) of all gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic organelles of bacterial origin. Members of the family catalyze both the membrane insertion of β-barrel proteins and the translocation of proteins across the OM. Although the mechanism(s) by which these proteins function is unclear, striking new insights have emerged from recent biochemical and structural studies. In this review we discuss the entire Omp85 superfamily but focus on the function of the best-studied member, BamA, which is an essential and highly conserved component of the bacterial barrel assembly machinery (BAM). Because BamA has multiple functions that overlap with those of other Omp85 proteins, it is likely the prototypical member of the Omp85 superfamily. Furthermore, BamA has become a protein of great interest because of the recent discovery of small-molecule inhibitors that potentially represent an important new class of antibiotics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Wrapped Up: The Motility of Polarly Flagellated Bacteria. 结束语:极地鞭毛细菌的运动。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041122-101032

K. Thormann, C. Beta, Marco J. Kühn

引用次数: 13

Accelerated Evolution by Diversity-Generating Retroelements. 由多样性产生的逆元素加速进化。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-030322-040423

Benjamin R Macadangdang, Sara K. Makanani, Jeff F. Miller

{"title":"Accelerated Evolution by Diversity-Generating Retroelements.","authors":"Benjamin R Macadangdang, Sara K. Makanani, Jeff F. Miller","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-030322-040423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-030322-040423","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create vast amounts of targeted, functional diversity by facilitating the rapid evolution of ligand-binding protein domains. Thousands of DGRs have been identified in bacteria, archaea, and their respective viruses. They are broadly distributed throughout the microbial world, with enrichment observed in certain taxa and environments. The diversification machinery works through a novel mechanism termed mutagenic retrohoming, whereby nucleotide sequence information is copied from an invariant DNA template repeat (TR) into an RNA intermediate, selectively mutagenized at TR adenines during cDNA synthesis by a DGR-encoded reverse transcriptase, and transferred to a variable repeat (VR) region within a variable-protein gene (54). This unidirectional flow of information leaves TR-DNA sequences unmodified, allowing for repeated rounds of mutagenic retrohoming to optimize variable-protein function. DGR target genes are often modular and can encode one or more of a wide variety of discrete functional domains appended to a diversifiable ligand-binding motif. Bacterial variable proteins often localize to cell surfaces, although a subset appear to be cytoplasmic, while phage-encoded DGRs commonly diversify tail fiber-associated receptor-binding proteins. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism and consequences of accelerated protein evolution by these unique and beneficial genetic elements. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43175193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Sirtuins in Epigenetic Silencing and Control of Gene Expression in Model and Pathogenic Fungi. Sirtuins在表观遗传沉默中的作用及对模型和致病真菌基因表达的控制。

IF 10.5 1区生物学

Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-100926

Guolei Zhao, L. Rusche

{"title":"Sirtuins in Epigenetic Silencing and Control of Gene Expression in Model and Pathogenic Fungi.","authors":"Guolei Zhao, L. Rusche","doi":"10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-100926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-100926","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, proliferate on decaying matter and then adopt quiescent forms once nutrients are depleted. This review explores how fungi use sirtuin deacetylases to sense and respond appropriately to changing nutrients. Because sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases, their activity is sensitive to intracellular NAD+ availability. This allows them to transmit information about a cell's metabolic state on to the biological processes they influence. Fungal sirtuins are primarily known to deacetylate histones, repressing transcription and modulating genome stability. Their target genes include those involved in NAD+ homeostasis, metabolism, sporulation, secondary metabolite production, and virulence traits of pathogenic fungi. By targeting different genes over evolutionary time, sirtuins serve as rewiring points that allow organisms to evolve novel responses to low NAD+ stress by bringing relevant biological processes under the control of sirtuins. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7946,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49053226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3