Annals of General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Mendelian randomization studies of depression: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.","authors":"Wang-Ran Ma, Lei-Lei Zhang, Jing-Ying Ma, Fang Yu, Ya-Qing Hou, Xiang-Rui Feng, Lin Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00479-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00479-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) poses a significant social and economic burden worldwide. Identifying exposures, risk factors, and biological mechanisms that are causally connected to MDD can help build a scientific basis for disease prevention and development of novel therapeutic approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between putative causal risk factors and MDD from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We assessed methodological quality based on key elements of the MR design: use of a full instrumental variable analysis and validation of the three key MR assumptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included methodological details and results from 52 articles. A causal link between lifestyle, metabolic, inflammatory biomarkers, particular pathological states and MDD is supported by MR investigations, although results for each category varied substantially.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While this review shows how MR can offer useful information for examining prospective treatment targets and better understanding the pathophysiology of MDD, some methodological flaws in the existing literature limit reliability of results and probably underlie their heterogeneity. We highlight perspectives and recommendations for future works on MR in psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10666459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138298143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide consensus on the clinical management of treatment-resistant depression in Italy: a Delphi panel.","authors":"Giuseppe Maina, Marina Adami, Giuseppe Ascione, Emi Bondi, Domenico De Berardis, Dario Delmonte, Silvia Maffezzoli, Giovanni Martinotti, Alessandra Nivoli, Elena Ottavianelli, Andrea Fagiolini","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00478-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00478-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is defined by the European Medicines Agency as a lack of clinically meaningful improvement after treatment, with at least two different antidepressants. Individual, familiar, and socio-economic burden of TRD is huge. Given the lack of clear guidelines, the large variability of TRD approaches across different countries and the availability of new medications to meet the need of effective and rapid acting therapeutic strategies, it is important to understand the consensus regarding the clinical characteristics and treatment pathways of patients with TRD in Italian routine clinical practice, particularly in view of the recent availability of esketamine nasal spray.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Delphi questionnaire with 17 statements (with a 7 points Likert scale for agreement) was administered via a customized web-based platform to Italian psychiatrists with at least 5 years of experience and specific expertise in the field of depression. In the second-round physicians were asked to answer the same statements considering the interquartile range of each question as an index of their colleagues' responses. Stata 16.1 software was used for the analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty panellists, representative of the Italian territory, answered the questionnaire at the first round. For 8/17 statements more than 75% of panellists reached agreement and a high consensus as they assigned similar scores; for 4 statements the panellists assigned similar scores but in the middle of the Likert scale showing a moderate agreement with the statement, while for 5 statements there was indecision in the agreement and low consensus with the statement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This Delphi Panel showed that there is a wide heterogeneity in Italy in the management of TRD patients, and a compelling need of standardised strategies and treatments specifically approved for TRD. A high level of consensus and agreement was obtained about the importance of adding lithium and/or antipsychotics as augmentation therapies and in the meantime about the need for long-term maintenance therapy. A high level of consensus and agreement was equally reached for the identification of esketamine nasal spray as the best option for TRD patients and for the possibility to administrate without difficulties esketamine in a community outpatient setting, highlighting the benefit of an appropriate educational support for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138298144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter, randomized controlled study on the efficacy of agomelatine in ameliorating anhedonia, reduced motivation, and circadian rhythm disruptions in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).","authors":"Ping Guo, Yong Xu, Liang Lv, Min Feng, Yu Fang, Wei-Quan Huang, Shan-Fei Cheng, Min-Cai Qian, Shengliang Yang, Shi-Kai Wang, Huan-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00473-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00473-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Agomelatine in improving symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), providing more scientific evidence for the treatment of depression, and offering more effective therapeutic options for patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 180 MDD patients in acute phase from 10 psychiatric hospitals of Grade three in Zhejiang Province were enrolled in this 12-week study with the competitive and consecutive pattern, and they were randomized into two different groups treated with flexible-dosage antidepressants of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or agomelatine, respectively. The subjects were evaluated with psychological scales of HAMD_-17, HAMA, SHAPS for anhedonia, MFI-20 for fatigue, PQSI for sleep quality and MEQ for disturbances in chronobiologic rhythms at baseline, 2, 4, 8 and 12-weekend points, and TESS was used for side-effect. The results were analyzed with repeated measurement analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups each had 90 participants, and there were no significant differences at baseline. The scores of various assessment scales showed statistically significant time main effects during the visits (P < 0.01). The Agomelatine group demonstrated faster efficacy within 2 weeks, with better improvement in SHAPS, MEQ, and PSQI compared to the SSRIs group. However, the remission rate at 12 weeks was lower in the Agomelatine group than in the SSRIs group (63.3% and 72.2%), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The Agomelatine group had fewer adverse reactions (14.4% and 16.7%), but there was a slightly higher incidence of liver function impairment (6.7% and 4.4%), with no statistically significant difference between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Agomelatine, as a novel antidepressant, shows certain advantages in improving depression and anxiety symptoms and is comparable to SSRIs in terms of safety. However, its long-term efficacy and safety on MDD or other depressive subtypes still require further observation and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92152355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized clinical trial of low dose suramin intravenous infusions for treatment of autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"David Hough, Alice R Mao, Michael Aman, Reymundo Lozano, Constance Smith-Hicks, Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno, Michael Derby, Zachary Rome, Niel Malan, Robert L Findling","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00477-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00477-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a critical need for effective treatment of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purinergic antagonist suramin may improve core symptoms through restoration of normal mitochondrial function and reduction of neuro-inflammation via its known antagonism of P2X and P2Y receptors. Nonclinical studies in fragile X knockout mice and the maternal immune activation model support these hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 14 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof -of-concept study (N = 52) to test the efficacy and safety of suramin intravenous infusions in boys aged 4-15 years with moderate to severe ASD. The study had 3 treatment arms: 10 mg/kg suramin, 20 mg/kg suramin, and placebo given at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist of Core Symptoms (ABC-Core) (subscales 2, 3, and 5) was the primary endpoint and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) was a secondary endpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four subjects completed the study. The 10 mg/kg suramin group showed a greater, but statistically non-significant, numeric improvement (- 12.5 ± 3.18 [mean ± SE]) vs. placebo (- 8.9 ± 2.86) in ABC-Core at Week 14. The 20 mg/kg suramin group did not show improvement over placebo. In exploratory analyses, the 10 mg/kg arm showed greater ABC Core differences from placebo in younger subjects and among those with less severe symptoms. In CGI-I, the 10 mg/kg arm showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline (2.8 ± 0.30 [mean ± SE]) compared to placebo (1.7 ± 0.27) (p = 0.016). The 20 mg/kg arm had a 2.0 ± 0.28 improvement in CGI-I, which was not statistically significant compared to placebo (p = 0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Suramin was generally safe and well tolerated over 14 weeks; most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Trial Registration Registered with the South African Health Authority, registration number DOH-27-0419-6116.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>Gov registration ID is NCT06058962, last update posted 2023-09-28.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline personality disorder and early psychosis: a narrative review.","authors":"Arianna Biancalani,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pelizza,&nbsp;Marco Menchetti","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00475-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00475-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of the present review was to summarize the main literature contribution on the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and early psychosis. While retracing the historical path of the term \"borderline\", specific attention was paid to psychotic and psychotic-like symptoms in BPD. Its relationship with At Risk Mental State was evaluated, as well.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This search was conducted on PUBMED/MEDLINE and PsycInfo, looking for \"Borderline personality disorder, First Episode Psychosis, Early Psychosis, Ultra-High Risk AND/OR Clinical High Risk\" for psychosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight pertinent papers were identified on this topic. Their main findings were then discussed. The term \"borderline\" has undergone different changes in meaning and use, despite always referring to states considered on the fence between neurosis and psychosis. However, considering the history of psychopathology and its relationship with diagnostic manuals, little attention has been given to its psychotic features. Being those symptoms highly burdensome, this neglect has often led to misdiagnosis and under-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychotic symptoms in BPD can be severe and distressing. Nonetheless they can be easily neglected, and when found they challenge clinicians in defining a differential diagnosis to distinguish between BPD and Psychosis Spectrum Disorders. Given specific needs and interventions for these different conditions, a dimensional, rather than categorical, approach should be considered, as well as specific care pathways and monitoring should be advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10623785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71419938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shift in psychiatry through AI? Ethical challenges.","authors":"Saskia Wilhelmy,&nbsp;Giancarlo Giupponi,&nbsp;Dominik Groß,&nbsp;Klaus Eisendle,&nbsp;Andreas Conca","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00476-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00476-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The digital transformation has made its way into many areas of society, including medicine. While AI-based systems are widespread in medical disciplines, their use in psychiatry is progressing more slowly. However, they promise to revolutionize psychiatric practice in terms of prevention options, diagnostics, or even therapy. Psychiatry is in the midst of this digital transformation, so the question is no longer \"whether\" to use technology, but \"how\" we can use it to achieve goals of progress or improvement. The aim of this article is to argue that this revolution brings not only new opportunities but also new ethical challenges for psychiatry, especially with regard to safety, responsibility, autonomy, or transparency. As an example, the relationship between doctor and patient in psychiatry will be addressed, in which digitization is also leading to ethically relevant changes. Ethical reflection on the use of AI systems offers the opportunity to accompany these changes carefully in order to take advantage of the benefits that this change brings. The focus should therefore always be on balancing what is technically possible with what is ethically necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10623776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71419937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression and its relationship to affective symptoms.","authors":"Johan Bengtsson,&nbsp;Parya Rad,&nbsp;Martin Cernvall,&nbsp;Robert Bodén","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00474-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00474-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a conceptual overlap between negative and depressive symptoms, requiring further exploration to advance the understanding of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression, and to explore the relationship between the negative and affective symptoms domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-one patients with a depressive episode were included and interviewed with the CAINS and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E). Self-reported depressive symptoms were collected with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Inter-rater agreement, internal consistency and validity measures were examined, as were correlations between negative and affective symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraclass correlation for the CAINS motivation and pleasure subscale (CAINS-MAP) was 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and that for the expressional subscale (CAINS-EXP) was 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.89). Cronbach's alpha was 0.71 (95% CI 0.57-0.82) for the CAINS-MAP and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.92) for the CAINS-EXP. The correlation with the negative symptoms subscale of the BPRS-E was 0.35 (p = 0.011, blinded/different raters) or 0.55 (p < 0.001, not blinded/same rater). The CAINS-MAP correlated with the affective symptoms subscale of the BPRS-E (r = 0.39, p = 0.005) and the MADRS-S total score (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), but not with anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Negative symptoms in depression can be assessed with the CAINS with good inter-rater agreement and acceptable internal consistency and validity. There are associations between negative and depressive symptoms that call for further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10604520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54227383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among the healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Syria: a multi-center study.","authors":"Hasan Nabil Al Houri, Abdullah Alhouri, Douaa Mohammad Nazir Arrouk, Ahmad Nabil Al Houri, Sami Jomaa, Alaa Sharabi, Hussein Kannout, Youssef Latifeh","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00470-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00470-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as an expected source of stress and anxiety as the healthcare workers had to work for long hours in close contact with infected patients, thus increasing the probability of medical errors and threatening the patients' safety. This study aims to measure the levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress among Syrian healthcare workers and their quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in six central hospitals in Damascus, Syria. Data were collected from 1 to 30 June-2021. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers. Quality of life was assessed using the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 700 participants were included in this study. 61.6% (n = 431) were males and 38.4% (n = 269) were females. Younger ages (18-29 years old) were significantly associated with higher levels of depression and stress (p < 0.0083). Female healthcare workers had higher significant levels of anxiety (p < 0.05). Significant anxiety and stress levels were reported when healthcare workers had contact with COVID-19 patients, even if they had protective equipment (p < 0.05). Half of the participants (50%; n = 349) reported a good quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stress levels and depressive symptoms were remarkably higher in healthcare workers of ages 18 and 29 years old, whereas anxiety levels were significantly higher and more severe in female healthcare workers. Moreover, direct interaction with COVID-19 patients was associated with higher levels of stress and anxiety symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10577895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41231862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNMT1 SNPs (rs2114724 and rs2228611) associated with positive symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Junjiao Ping, Jing Wan, Caiying Huang, Jinming Yu, Jiali Luo, Zhiqiang Xing, Xingguang Luo, Baoguo Du, Tingyun Jiang, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00466-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00466-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with complex clinical manifestations, while its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood. Accumulated evidence suggested the alteration in epigenetic pathway was associated with clinical features and brain dysfunctions in schizophrenia. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), a key enzyme for DNA methylation, are related to the development of schizophrenia, whereas the current research evidence is not sufficient. The aim of study was to explore the effects of gene polymorphisms of DNMTs on the susceptibility and symptoms of schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was case-control study that designed and employed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as the diagnostic standard. 134 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in the Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from January 2018 to April 2020 (Case group) as well as 64 healthy controls (Control group) from the same region were involved. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNMT1 genes (r s2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs 2424932, rs 1569686, rs 6119954 and rs 2424908) were determined with massARRAY. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype analysis were performed, and genotype and allele frequencies were compared. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by the Chi-square test in SPSS software (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., USA). The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation between DNMT1 genes (rs 2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs2424932, rs1569686, rs6119954 and rs2424908) and clinical features was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in genotype, allele frequency and haplotype of DNMT1 genes (rs 2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs 2424932, rs 1569686, rs 6119954 and rs 2424908) between the case and healthy control group. There were significant differences in the PANSS total positive symptom scores, P3 (hallucinatory behavior), P6 (suspicious/persecution), G7 (motor retardation), and G15 (preoccupation) in patients with different DNMT1 gene rs 2114724 and rs 2228611 genotypes. The linkage disequilibrium analysis of gene polymorphic loci revealed that rs 2114724-rs 2228611 was complete linkage disequilibrium, and rs 1569686-rs 2424908, rs 2424932-rs 1569696 and rs 2424932-rs 2424908 were strongly linkage disequilibrium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The polymorphisms alteration in genetic pathway may be associated with development of specific clinical features in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41188827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catatonia-like behavior and immune activation: a crosstalk between psychopathology and pathology in schizophrenia.","authors":"Antonino Messina, Filippo Caraci, Eugenio Aguglia, Maria Salvina Signorelli","doi":"10.1186/s12991-023-00471-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-023-00471-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Kalhbaum's first characterization of catatonia, the emotional symptoms, such as decreased or restricted expression of feelings and emotions, which is described as blunted affect, are related to the motor symptoms. In later years, the affective domain was excluded from the concept of catatonia and was not included among the diagnostic criteria in the various Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) versions. In recent times, some authors have proposed the proposition of reevaluating the notion of catatonia through the reintroduction of the affective domain. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between catatonic-like behavior (CLB), such as emotional withdrawal, blunted affect, and psychomotor slowing, and inflammatory markers, namely the neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and lymphocytes/monocytes ratio (LMR), in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 25 patients with schizophrenia (10 females, 15 males) was recruited, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess the severity of emotional withdrawal, blunted affect, and psychomotor slowing.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The correlation analysis (Spearman ρ) revealed a robust direct association between blunted affect and psychomotor slowing (ρ = 0.79, P = 0.001), and a significant direct correlation between CLB (emotional withdrawal, ρ = 0.51, P = 0.05; blunted affect ρ = 0.58, P = 0.05; motor retardation, ρ = 0.56, P = 0.05) and LMR (ρ = 0.53, P = 0.05). In addition, patients with a duration of illness (DOI) older than five years had a higher presence of CLB and a higher LMR than patients with a more recent diagnosis of the disease. Likely, patients with positive symptoms and in the prodromal and active stages of the disease have a different immune profile than patients in the residual stage and with a predominance of negative symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychomotor slowing and blunted affect are two significantly related features, representing the two-faced Janus of immobility. Furthermore, aggregating them in CLB is more predominant the longer the duration of schizophrenia and is associated with different a specific pattern of immune activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41188826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}