Sex difference in incidence of major depressive disorder: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

IF 3.6 3区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Sangzi Li, Xuan Zhang, Yilu Cai, Leilei Zheng, Hu Pang, Lixia Lou
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Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading mental disorder causing severe impairment. This study was aimed to evaluate sex difference in global MDD incidence by year, age, and socioeconomic status, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Global and national sex-specific incidence estimates of MDD, from 1990 to 2019, in different age groups, were extracted from the GBD 2019. Socioeconomic development index (SDI) as an indicator of national socioeconomic development was used. Absolute (female minus male) and relative (female to male ratio) sex difference in age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs), as well as risk ratios (RR and 95% confidence interval), were computed by year and age. Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate socioeconomic-associated sex difference in incidence. Absolute and relative sex difference in ASRs showed a slight declining trend during 1990 and 2019, with absolute difference decreasing from 1818.23 to 1602.58, and relative difference decreasing from 1.71 to 1.61. Worldwide, females had a higher risk of MDD than males in 1990 (RR: 1.706 (1.705–1.706)) and 2019 (RR: 1.602 (1.619–1.620)). The highest RRs were observed in the Region of the Americas. Sex difference in incidence rates increased rapidly with age for those under 20 years old. The highest RR (1.913 (1.910–1.915)) was observed in the age group of 10–14. Relative sex difference had a significant positive relationship with SDI (standardized β = 0.267, P < 0.001). Despite that slight improvement in sex difference in global MDD incidence has been achieved, sex difference still persists in the past decades, with females always having a higher incidence than males. Greater sex difference was found at younger ages and in more developed countries. The findings highlight the importance of making sex-specific health policy to reduce sex difference in MDD incidence.
重度抑郁症发病率的性别差异:2019 年全球疾病负担研究分析
重度抑郁障碍(MDD)是一种导致严重损伤的主要精神障碍。本研究旨在根据《2019 年全球疾病负担研究》(GBD 2019),按年份、年龄和社会经济地位评估全球 MDD 发病率的性别差异。研究人员从《全球疾病负担研究2019》(GBD 2019)中提取了1990年至2019年不同年龄组的全球和国家MDD性别特异性发病率估计值。采用社会经济发展指数(SDI)作为国家社会经济发展指标。按年份和年龄计算了年龄标准化发病率(ASR)的绝对(女性减去男性)和相对(女性与男性之比)性别差异,以及风险比(RR和95%置信区间)。通过线性回归分析,研究了与社会经济相关的发病率性别差异。1990年至2019年期间,ASR的绝对和相对性别差异呈轻微下降趋势,绝对差异从1818.23降至1602.58,相对差异从1.71降至1.61。在全球范围内,1990 年(RR:1.706 (1.705-1.706))和 2019 年(RR:1.602 (1.619-1.620))女性患 MDD 的风险高于男性。美洲地区的死亡率最高。在 20 岁以下人群中,发病率的性别差异随着年龄的增长而迅速增大。10-14 岁年龄组的 RR 值最高(1.913(1.910-1.915))。相对性别差异与 SDI 呈显著正相关(标准化 β = 0.267,P < 0.001)。尽管全球 MDD 发病率的性别差异略有改善,但在过去几十年中,性别差异依然存在,女性的发病率始终高于男性。在更年轻和更发达的国家,性别差异更大。研究结果凸显了制定针对不同性别的健康政策以减少MDD发病率性别差异的重要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
2.70%
发文量
43
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of General Psychiatry considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychiatry, including neuroscience and psychological medicine. Both basic and clinical neuroscience contributions are encouraged. Annals of General Psychiatry emphasizes a biopsychosocial approach to illness and health and strongly supports and follows the principles of evidence-based medicine. As an open access journal, Annals of General Psychiatry facilitates the worldwide distribution of high quality psychiatry and mental health research. The journal considers submissions on a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, psychopharmacology, forensic psychiatry, psychotic disorders, psychiatric genetics, and mood and anxiety disorders.
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