Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide, Botanical Oral Rinse, and Kidodent Mouthwash as Preprocedural Mouthrinse: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Tanuja Pericherla, Jayalakshmi Pandranki, Narsimha Rao V Vanga","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_83_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_83_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Aerosols composed of airborne biological material, present significant biohazard risks during dental procedures due to their potential pathogenicity. Effective infection control measures are essential to mitigate these risks during oral prophylaxis and other dental activities.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available mouthwashes - one with stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and the other herbal based - as preprocedural rinses and their acceptance in children, offering alternative options to Kidodent mouthwash.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The study included 60 individuals aged 9-14 years, with 15 participants allocated to each group based on specific inclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent, participants rinsed with either with fluoride-triclosan-based mouthwash (Kidodent), stabilized ClO 2 mouthwash (Freshclor), botanical oral rinse (BOR) (Oralife), or saline before ultrasonic scaling. Blood agar plates were used to capture airborne bacteria during oral prophylaxis, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after incubation. Sensory analysis assessed mouthwash acceptability using a postoperative hedonic scale.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>SPSS software analyzed the data, computing mean ± standard deviation for each variable. One-way ANOVA tested group differences in CFUs, followed by post hoc Tukey's testing. Sensory responses were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that BOR, Freshclor, and Kidodent significantly reduced bacterial CFUs compared to normal saline rinse ( P < 0.001). Stabilized ClO 2 and BOR were as effective as Kidodent ( P > 0.05). Children favored stabilized ClO 2 ( n = 15; 100%) and then Kidodent ( n = 13; 86.67%), with BOR being the least favored ( n = 6; 40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research underscores the significance of preprocedural mouthrinses in reducing contamination risks during dental procedures ( P < 0.001). Oralife and Freshclor exhibit efficacy similar to Kidodent mouthwash for children ( P > 0.05), offering safer alternatives containing botanical extracts and stabilized ClO 2 , respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"662-670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Musculoskeletal Pain and Studying Hours among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ali Mohammad Alshakhs, Hussain Ahmed Almarzoug, Yousef A Alhamaid, Hussain Sadiq Alsemaeel, Mohammed Saeed Alhejji, Mohammed Khalid Al-Alwan, Ali Maher Al-Sakkak, Mohammed Salman Albandar, Ahmed Abdullah Alshakhs","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_115_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_115_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Musculoskeletal pain (MSP), which has an adverse effect on general health and academic performance, is a prevalent problem among medical students. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MSP and related risk factors among Saudi Arabian medical students.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 405 Saudi medical students. An anonymous, self-administered electronic questionnaire was disseminated through social media platforms was used to gather data. The survey comprised questions about study habits, demographics, and specific MSP experiences in different body regions during the previous 7 days and 12 months. A statistical analysis was conducted in find meaningful correlations between MSP and different risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that medical students had a high prevalence of MSP, with 40.74% reporting neck pain in the previous week and 41.98% over the previous year. In addition, 40.00% of students acknowledged experiencing lower back pain in the previous week, and 39.51% reported experiencing it in the previous year. 34.07% of students stated they had experienced shoulder pain in the previous year while only 33.33% in the previous week. Longer study sessions may lead to higher MSP, as significant associations were found between study hours and MSP in the shoulders, hips/thighs, and wrists/hands.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSP is very common among medical students in Saudi Arabia, especially in relation to lower back and neck pain. The study emphasizes the need for focused interventions, such as improved posture and encouraging regular physical activity, to lower MSP. Improving MSP is crucial for improving medical students' academic achievement and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"628-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic Dilemma in a Full-term Parturient with Facial Trauma and Suspected Head Injury Presenting as Difficult Airway Posted for Emergency LSCS in a Limited Resource Setting: Spinal versus General Anesthesia.","authors":"Ashna Shetty, Sweekar Kudpi Shenoy, Ranjan Ramakrishna, Megha Thaleppady","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_48_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_48_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma frequently occurs during pregnancy and occurs 1 in 12 pregnant women affecting maternal mortality, morbidity, and also pregnancy outcome. Hence, it is essential to consider pregnancy in every female trauma patient of reproductive age. Motor vehicle accidents and domestic/intimate partner violence account for most cases of major maternal trauma. Most of the causes mentioned above can lead to facial injuries/head injuries making it challenging for the anesthesia provider. We report a parturient who presented to us with multiple facial injuries with a suspected head injury following a road traffic accident with restricted mouth opening. The anesthesiologist is put in a dilemma to choose between general and regional anesthesia in such full-term parturients where patients present with suspected head injury anticipating increased intracranial pressure and at the same time are difficult airway posted for emergency C-section in a limited resource setting with no difficult airway gadgets. Management of full-term pregnant patients with major trauma presents unique challenges since the presence of a fetus means two patients are potentially at risk, both of whom require evaluation and management. An anesthetist has to evaluate the patient, assess the risks and benefits of both regional and general anesthesia, and plan perioperative care accordingly within a limited time. Management of such presentation needs a team approach of neurosurgeons, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, and pediatricians to have a smooth and safe conduction of delivery and care of the newborn postoperatively. The anesthetist plays an important role as a perioperative physician in such cases by taking adequate preoperative neuroprotective measures, choosing a near-ideal mode of anesthesia by weighing the risk-benefits of general versus regional anesthesia, and giving adequate postoperative monitoring and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"676-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colocolic Megacolon Intussusception: Diagnostic Challenges and Surgical Management.","authors":"Adebayo Ayokunle Adedayo, Ola Matthias Ekpenukpang, Munir Nadani Ahmed, Emmanuel Adoyi Ameh","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_100_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_100_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intussusception in children may present in typical or atypical manner. These presentations sometimes typify the background etiopathophysiology. It may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary in origin depending on the presence or absence of an identifiable pathologic lead point (PLP). The idiopathic category is seen in 90% of intussusception cases in children. The secondary categories have varying pathological lead points, with some still unreported. This report narrates our experience in the management of a 6-year-old child with a colocolic megacolon intussusception. It was characterized by a subtle history of chronic constipation and solid diet intolerance. Long-standing colicky abdominal pain was interpreted as a food allergy, and this was a critical clinical miss. Radiographical megacolon appearance on X-ray was misinterpreted as a dilated gastric shadow. Ultrasound evaluation was diagnostic, but this could not distinguish the PLP. Surgical intervention was planned for ileocolic intussusception; however, a colocolic intussusception was encountered, and an inappropriate intraoperative decision to perform a pry colo-colonic anastomosis was taken. Atypical septic-induced persistent bradycardia and severe lethargy were danger signs of anastomotic leakage that necessitated a re-exploration laparotomy and a lifesaving diverting colostomy. A definitive Duhamel pull-through procedure was carried out after 11 months of optimization. Management was challenging and required an aggressive and proactive approach. We recommend a high index of suspicion in making a diagnosis and a diverting colostomy in the emergency surgical intervention for all secondary colo-colic megacolon intussusception.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"681-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Salinity on Mosquito ( Aedes ) Oviposition Preference and Survival of Larvae: A Laboratory-based Study.","authors":"Jitendra Majhi, Himmat Singh, Gaurav Kumar, Pooja Prasad, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Ritesh Singh, Paramita Sengupta, Vinay Garg, Ninad Vilas Nagrale","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_129_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_129_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vector control measures assume utmost importance in the absence of specific treatment against clinically complicated Dengue virus infections. Preventive measures such as reduction of mosquito larvae breeding hot spots also include spraying of insecticides. However, insecticides pose a risk to the general population as well as to the environment. A search for a suitable environmentally friendly substitute for insecticides has been one of the goals of all researchers round the globe.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To investigate the possibility of using salt in existing vector control programs, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of saline water on mosquito larva in the present study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Larvae of Aedes aegypti were subjected to six different doses of salt solutions ranging from 0.5% to 3% for the larval bioassay. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90 values) for 50% and 90% mortality were computed. Simultaneously, gravid females, A. aegypti mosquitoes, were released into the cage for egg-laying, and from the 4th day onward, the eggs were counted. Egg-hatching tests were also done in the salt solution to assess the influence of salinity on egg hatching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings imply that a salt concentration of 1%-2% is lethal for A. aegypti . With a salinity content of more than 2%, no egg-laying was observed. After control, the maximum emergence (64.5%) was recorded in a water bowl containing 8% saltwater (66%). The threshold concentration was found to be between 0.5% and 1.0%, after which the mortality of the hatched larvae rose sharply, reaching 100% in 24 h at 2.0% concentration. At a salinity of 2%, common salt sodium chloride (NaCl) was shown to be efficient in killing A. aegypti larvae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike other insecticides, salt is nontoxic, crystalline, cost-effective, stable, and easy to implement. More studies on this aspect of salt may be undertaken in the future to assess its efficacy in field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"656-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Learning with Escape Rooms in Simulations, Technologies, and Pedagogical Impact in Healthcare Education: An Integrated Review.","authors":"Jyoti Sarin, Gopal Singh Charan, Richa Bharti, Sunali Sharma, Ekjot Kaur","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_66_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_66_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nursing education is a continuous process of innovation that improves learning and prepares students for new challenges. However, traditional methods have limited interactive learning escape rooms (ERs), which play a significant role in nursing and medicine education. These ERs are designed for the students to enhance active learning and problem-solving. ERs are dual learning experiences which have been distinctly designed to engage students in hands-on and experiential learning. In addition, ERs have pedagogical impact on improving critical thinking, clinical reasoning, teamwork, and soft skills in nursing students. Advanced technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence are used to improve simulation fidelity and adapt learning to individual needs in real time. There are a few challenges of ERs, such as technical issues, limited survey data, and narrow focus, which need further research and innovation. Future recommendations for optimizing ERs are implementing multidisciplinary approaches, standardized evaluation metrics, and enhancing scalability for global accessibility. Educational institutions can promote more engaging, cost-effective, and impactful learning experiences for future healthcare professionals. This review emphasizes the importance of ERs in nursing and medical curriculum to connect theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, which will improve patient care outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"540-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcified and Impacted Cervical Fibroid in a Young Female in a Low-resource Setting Mistaken for Bladder Mass: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, Christian A Agbo, Mattew S Iorfa, Samuel C Ukaonu","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_180_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_180_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female pelvic masses could be difficult to diagnose given the fact that there are so many structures within the pelvis that could be related to the mass. These benign or malignant neoplasms could be diagnosed through careful and systematic evaluation by history, biochemical, imaging, and surgical approaches. Although an ultrasound scan is often the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of pelvic masses, it could be limited by poor acoustic windows and poor depth penetration. However, in low-resource settings, its usage is nonnegotiable. The case of a 26-year-old female with a 5-year history of lower abdominal swelling is hereby presented. The swelling was gradual in onset and associated with occasional dull lower abdominal cramps that radiate to the back, urinary retention, dysuria, and urinary frequency. An ultrasound scan diagnosed an ovarian mass and uterine fibroid with the suspicion of a bladder mass. She had a laparotomy, in which a left ovarian mass and a huge calcified pelvic mass extending from the region of the isthmus of the uterus through the posterior bladder wall and the anterior vaginal wall were discovered. Left ovariectomy and removal of the mass were done; a histologic diagnosis of mature ovarian teratoma and cervical fibroid was made. She had a smooth postoperative recovery on antibiotics and analgesics. The diagnostic challenge of pelvic masses even with the use of USS is demonstrated, and laparotomy has shown to be a diagnostic procedure here. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging could be helpful when available and affordable.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"699-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preanalytical Phase: Evaluation of Specimen Rejection Rates and Reasons from Different Hospital Units during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohammed Abdullah Jeraiby","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_132_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_132_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted sample collection and shipping of health-care professionals, highlighting the need for accurate testing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare clinical laboratory coefficients during the pandemic and prepandemic stages, focusing on awareness, international quality assurance, and the evaluation of rejected samples and errors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The 7-month study was conducted between May 2020 and November 2020 to analyze rejected samples in a clinical laboratory. Laboratory data for preanalytical errors were collected in this retrospective cohort study. It was examined and categorized by sample source, department, and service location, using statistical tests for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 321,465 samples, of which 7223 samples (2.25%) were rejected consisting of (3704; 1.15%) and (3519; 1.09%) samples in biochemistry and hematology assays, respectively. Hemolyzed specimens (45.3%) and clotted samples (33.6%) dominated errors. Inpatient departments contributed 76.2% of rejections. Biochemistry encountered more hemolyzed specimens (45.3%), whereas hematology encountered clotted samples (33.6%) and insufficient specimens (10.1%). Significant differences were observed between the biochemical and hematological groups ( P < 0.001). The emergency department has higher hemolysis (48.1%) and misidentification (7.4%). Inappropriate transport ( P = 0.037, adjusted odds ratio = 0.107) was significantly associated with lower odds of repeated rejection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories, particularly hemolysis and clotting and suggests targeted improvements and quality control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"643-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of App-based Oral Motor Therapy and Behavior Therapy for Reducing Stress and Enhancing Coping Skills in Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy Using \"SCATOCS\".","authors":"Mihir Nayak, Sarakanuru K Srinath, Umme Azher, Sugnyani Devi Patil, Sahana Srinath, Divya C Reddy, Snehalika More","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_7_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_7_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience the varied levels of stress while managing their child's oral health care. Limited research regarding this topic emphasizes the need for a study.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the efficacy of effect of app-based oral motor therapy (OMT) and behavior therapy (BT) on stress and coping among parents/caregivers of children with CP; specifically with regard to the management of oral health care.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>It is a randomized, double blinded, parallel group, multicenter trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised of 228 CP children aged 4-14 years who were randomly assigned into two groups - Group 1 (mobile app based OMT) and Group 2 (BT). The parents and caregivers of children with CP were asked to fill the Stress and Coping Assessment Tool associated with maintaining Oral health among Children with Special healthcare needs (SCATOCS) questionnaire. Baseline evaluations before interventions and follow-up scores postinterventions (6 months later) were done.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>The paired samples t -test and independent samples t -test were utilized for the study. Analysis was done using the SPSS software version 25 and results were considered statistically significant whenever P ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intragroup comparison of SCATOCS scores in each domain showed a statistically significant ( P < 0.05) improvement postintervention in both the groups. Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to A1 and A2 domains (stress factors), respectively ( P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in B1 and B2 domains (coping factors) ( P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\"SCATOCS\" can be used as important tool while specifically investigating stress and coping with regard to dental concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"671-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journey from H1N1 to Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis.","authors":"K M Srinath, Maneesha Chowdary Bellam, M Basava Chethan, K Nandini","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_108_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_108_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A diabetic female in her early fifties experienced a 2-day fever, treated with over-the-counter meds. Later, she became less responsive and was hospitalized. On admission, she exhibited irrelevant speech, drowsiness, and neck stiffness. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were initially normal. Meningoencephalitis was suspected and started on empirical antibiotics and antivirals. Her condition declined, causing a seizure and necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. A lumbar puncture showed high glucose and protein, but low cell counts in the cerebrospinal fluid. Contrast MRI revealed features of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. Swab for H1N1 influenza was positive. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, ceftriaxone, acyclovir, and oseltamivir resulted in significant recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"691-695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}