{"title":"[From property of IL-1β to imaging of inflammation].","authors":"Takao Iwawaki","doi":"10.2177/jsci.40.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2177/jsci.40.329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> Interleukin-1β is widely known as an inflammatory cytokine, and is an important and indispensable factor to understand inflammation. Therefore many researchers have investigated function and property of interleukin-1β. However some questions still remain to be fully elucidated. To approach these questions, bioimaging technology has been exploited recently. As interleukin-1β is regulated by unique mechanism via transcriptional activation and protein processing, several imaging tools have been developed for analyzing interleukin-1β by applying the regulatory mechanism. In this review I introduce representative interleukin-1β-related imaging technologies including basic principle of them and findings obtained with them. Additionally I referred briefly to other imaging technologies for monitoring inflammation in the last section.</p>","PeriodicalId":79359,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology","volume":"40 5","pages":"329-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2177/jsci.40.329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35654218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Susceptibility genes for nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.","authors":"Ho Namkoong, Naoki Hasegawa, Tomoko Betsuyaku","doi":"10.2177/jsci.40.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2177/jsci.40.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is reportedly increasing both in Japan and worldwide. NTM diseases are classified into disseminated and pulmonary diseases based on their clinical characteristics. These two types of NTM diseases are thought to be controlled by different mechanisms. Disseminated NTM disease is caused by a defect in signal transduction of Th1 cellular immune responses, including the IFN-γ/IL-12 axis. The precise molecular mechanisms of disseminated NTM disease are understood in detail. Pulmonary NTM disease progression is associated with both bacterial factors as well as host factors. Furthermore, it is suggested that some susceptibility genes for NTM diseases may also exist. A previous study on the susceptibility genes for pulmonary NTM disease was performed using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis and microsatellite marker analysis. However, a number of challenges remain in terms of the reproducibility. The emergence of next generation sequencing enables genome-wide analysis, and further studies on the susceptibility genes for pulmonary NTM disease are expected in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":79359,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2177/jsci.40.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35024082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of cancer-stem cell antigens and development of CTL-mediated cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Sho Miyamoto, Takayuki Kanaseki, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Tomohide Tsukahara, Yasuhiro Kikuchi, Noriyuki Sato, Toshihiko Torigoe","doi":"10.2177/jsci.40.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2177/jsci.40.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer-stem cells (or cancer-stem like cells, CSC) play an indispensable role in tumor initiation or tumor development in vivo. However, CSCs are resistant to conventional therapies including chemo/radiotherapy and a certain molecularly-targeted therapy, thereby are responsible for tumor relapse or metastasis in clinical settings. In this review, we focus on cytotoxic T-cell mediated immune responses against CSCs and discuss a challenge of targeting CSCs as well as the development of CSC-based cancer immunotherapy, which is an emerging and promising strategy toward a complete cure of quite a few types of cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":79359,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2177/jsci.40.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35025731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Imaging of bone and joint destruction].","authors":"Junichi Kikuta, Masaru Ishii","doi":"10.2177/jsci.40.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2177/jsci.40.344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing giant polykaryons that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursors. We have originally established an advanced imaging system for visualizing in vivo behavior of osteoclasts and their precursors with intravital two-photon microscopy. By means of the system, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate, a lipid mediator enriched in blood, controlled the migratory behavior of osteoclast precursors. We also developed pH-sensing chemical fluorescent probes to detect localized acidification by bone-resorbing osteoclasts on the bone surface in vivo, and identified two distinct functional states of differentiated osteoclasts, 'bone-resorptive' and 'non-resorptive'. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the dynamics and functions of osteoclasts. Our intravital imaging techniques would be beneficial for studying the cellular dynamics in arthritic inflammation and bone destruction in vivo and would thus be useful for evaluating novel therapies targeting aspects of osteoclast dynamics in patients with bone-destructive diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":79359,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology","volume":"40 5","pages":"344-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2177/jsci.40.344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35654130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Prolonged optic disc swelling in Kawasaki disease - A case report and literature review].","authors":"Yusuke Tsumura, Hiroshi Masuda, Sachiko Nishina, Tohru Kobayashi, Hiroshi Ono, Hitoshi Kato, Jun Abe, Akira Ishiguro","doi":"10.2177/jsci.40.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2177/jsci.40.377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute childhood panvasculitis, presents a variety of ocular complications as well as conjunctival injection among the principal symptoms. However, most pediatricians are unfamiliar with the ophthalmological complications of KD. A 2-year-old girl was referred to us from the ophthalmology department due to injected bulbar conjunctivae and optic disc swelling. She had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy as an underlying disease and the ocular findings had been made by chance while the patient was receiving an eye examination. Although she was afebrile at the time of her first medical interview, KD was diagnosed based on the presence of four of the principal symptoms including fever and dilatation of the coronary arteries. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was administered on Day 15 from the onset of fever. After IVIG administration, her laboratory test results showed rapid improvement but her optic disc swelling continued for six months. Eye complications in KD generally occur in the anterior segment, and recovery occurs within two months. Past reports have shown that in three of seven KD cases with optic disc involvement, optic disc swelling lasted over two months. This is the second case in which the condition lasted six months.</p>","PeriodicalId":79359,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Rinsho Men'eki Gakkai kaishi = Japanese journal of clinical immunology","volume":"40 5","pages":"377-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2177/jsci.40.377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35654134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}