Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology最新文献

{"title":"A new aspect of the carotid body function controlling hypoxic ventilatory decline in humans.","authors":"H Kimura, M Tanaka, K Nagao, M Niijima, S Masuyama, A Mizoo, T Uruma, K Tatsumi, T Kuriyama, A Masuda, T Kobayashi, Y Honda","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.131","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilatory response to eucapnic sustained mild hypoxia was measured in one patient with unilateral and three patients with bilateral carotid body (CB) resection (defined UR and BR, respectively). The profile of ventilatory response in UR patient was initially augmented then gradually declined (biphasic pattern) as generally seen in normal subjects although the absolute magnitude was substantially low. On the other hand, biphasic pattern was disappeared in all three BRs. Lack of hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD) in the late period of sustained hypoxia was in marked contrast to that reported in the anaesthetized and CB-denervated animals whose ventilation was severely depressed lower than the pre-hypoxic control level. In view of recent knowledge that the analogous mild hypoxia in normal animals and humans elicits an useful adaptation to economize energy expenditure with maintaining reversible excitability in control of respiration, BR patients were considered to have lost this ability. We conclude that in awake humans the CB not only stimulates ventilation but also controls the degree of subsequent HVD during sustained hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20671855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men's time, women's time--sex differences in biological time structure.","authors":"Y Motohashi, S Higuchi, A Maeda","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20671861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cardiac response to managerial workload between men and women.","authors":"A Bortkiewicz,&nbsp;C Pałczyński,&nbsp;T Makowiec-Dabrowska,&nbsp;P Górski","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study, was to estimate the reaction of selected circulatory system parameters to psychic workload in industrial managers and to answer the question whether may affect this reaction. The study was performed in 23 men (mean 46 +/- 6 years of age) and 16 women (mean 42 +/- 6 years of age), employed as executives in a large industrial plant. The subjects had their 24-h ECG recorded using Medilog 3000 (Oxford). The ECG recordings were classified as pathological according to the standards of Bjerregaard. Heart rate was calculated for working time, leisure time and sleep. The subjects were also asked to estimate the perceived psychic load according to a method involving subjective estimation of work-demands and of an ability to cope with them. Generally, the subjects reported high work demands, but coping abilities were higher than work demands. Both in the men and women, a relationship was found between the intensity of subjective estimation of psychic load and heart rate response. However, the reaction of the circulatory system to the psychic workload in men was long-lasting (its effects continued until late at night); in women it was more direct (only during work). The frequency of abnormalities in 24-h Holter ECG recordings for both test groups was not very high, a little higher in men (30%) than in women (25%), and was comparable with the frequencies in selected general population groups. Our results may indicate that mental workload of the managerial staff, does not cause increased frequency of ECG abnormalities. However, in view of the fact that cardiovascular diseases are more frequent among men than among women, different reaction of the circulatory system to workload should also be accounted for in an attempt to explain the sources of that phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20671856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmony in men and harmony in women.","authors":"T Fujino","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20671860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low impact aerobic dance as a useful exercise mode for reducing body mass in mildly obese middle-aged women.","authors":"H Shimamoto,&nbsp;Y Adachi,&nbsp;M Takahashi,&nbsp;K Tanaka","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low impact aerobic dance is a useful exercise mode for weight loss in obese middle-aged women. Sixty Japanese women, aged 50.9 +/- 6.7 years (initial %fat = 35.2 +/- 5.3%), participated in our 3-month weight-loss program consisting of diet and exercise prescription. To compare the effectiveness of exercise modes, the subjects were divided into the following two groups: aerobic dance group and jogging and/or cycling group. As a result, body mass (-3.1 and -3.3 kg respectively) and %fat (-6.1 and -5.3% respectively) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in both groups, while fat-free mass remained essentially unchanged. Aerobic power such as maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake corresponding to lactate threshold significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both groups. Significant difference in the alterations in these variables between groups could not be seen. The data of this study indicates that our weight-loss program with a low impact aerobic dance is as useful as jogging or cycling in improving body composition and aerobic power for mildly obese middle-aged women.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20599662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of different wavelengths of light on human biological rhythms.","authors":"T Morita,&nbsp;H Tokura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review was to discuss the influence of light on humans in the environment, focusing the relation between the quality of light and human biological rhythms, and also to apply the results on lighting planning to a living space which takes into account human health and comfort. The main discussions were as follows: 1) The effects of light on the behavior of core temperature and melatonin vary depending on its wavelength. Light with long wavelengths, such as light with a low color temperature and red light, had little influence on the human biological rhythms. On the other hand, green and blue light--light of mid-short wavelength such as light with a high color temperature--had a greater influence. 2) From the relation between the stimulus received by each photoreceptor and the inhibition of core temperature and melatonin, it might be concluded that the photoreceptor responsible for transmitting light information that affects biological rhythms is M-cones. 3) A higher light intensity was required in the morning than in the evening to induce the inhibition of melatonin secretion. This result suggests the possibility of existence of a diurnal change of sensitivity of the photoreceptors (M-cones). 4) From all these results, it is proposed in the field of living environment and living engineering that light with a low color temperature should be used for low-level lighting at night, and high-level light with a high color temperature in the morning.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20599660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of bedroom and bed climate of the elderly in a nursing home.","authors":"K Okamoto,&nbsp;Y Kudoh,&nbsp;T Yokoya,&nbsp;N Okudaira","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bedroom and bed climate of the elderly in a nursing home were surveyed. Twenty-two elderly subjects were divided into four groups depending on their Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and gender. The four groups were: male and female subjects with almost no problems in daily life and an ADL score higher than 5 [H males, H females] and male and female subjects who normally stayed in bed all day with an ADL score lower than 2 [L males, L females]. The temperature and humidity of the bedroom and bed climate were measured continuously for 24 hours. Bedding and clothing condition, subjective sensational vote and subjective sleep evaluation were surveyed before and after sleep for five days continuously. In the daytime, bedroom and bed climate temperature was significantly lower in H females than in the other groups. At night, no significant effect of gender and ADL was observed in bed climate, which was maintained at 33-35 degrees C, RH50-60% in all the groups. Bedding under the body increased significantly in L males and L females compared with H males and H females. The number of underwear increased significantly in H females. Subjective sleep evaluation was significantly better in H females than the other groups. These results suggest that ADL and gender based differences should be taken into account with regard to the care of the elderly in a nursing home.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20599663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic binding of visual features by neuronal/stimulus synchrony.","authors":"A Iwabuchi","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When people see a visual scene, certain parts of the visual scene are treated as belonging together and we regard them as a perceptual unit, which is called a \"figure\". People focus on figures, and the remaining parts of the scene are disregarded as \"ground\". In Gestalt psychology this process is called \"figure-ground segregation\". According to current perceptual psychology, a figure is formed by binding various visual features in a scene, and developments in neuroscience have revealed that there are many feature-encoding neurons, which respond to such features specifically. It is not known, however, how the brain binds different features of an object into a coherent visual object representation. Recently, the theory of binding by neuronal synchrony, which argues that feature binding is dynamically mediated by neuronal synchrony of feature-encoding neurons, has been proposed. This review article portrays the problem of figure-ground segregation and features binding, summarizes neurophysiological and psychophysical experiments and theory relevant to feature binding by neuronal/stimulus synchrony, and suggests possible directions for future research on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20599661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of diets among elderly female residents in two suburban districts in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, in dry season--survey on high- and low-risk districts of lung cancer incidence.","authors":"Y Sone,&nbsp;N Sakamoto,&nbsp;K Suga,&nbsp;K Imai,&nbsp;Nakachi,&nbsp;P Sonklin,&nbsp;O Sonklin,&nbsp;S Lipigorngoson,&nbsp;P N Limtrakul,&nbsp;M Suttajit","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By means of duplicate meals, we collected food samples of general female residents, aged 50 to 74 years at two suburban districts in Chiang Mai Province, which are distinguished by very high and low incidence rates of lung cancer. Then, on the basis of analyses of their consumption of foods by food groups, we compared their dietary habits in the dry season of northern Thailand with special reference to the difference in lung cancer incidence. In brief, the following features and difference in their dietary habits were found; 1) Rice, vegetables, and pork were most frequently eaten in both the districts. 2) Consumption of fruits, in both quantity and variety, at a high-risk district was much less than that at a low-risk district. 3) Female residents at a low-risk district consumed more variety of green and yellow vegetables than those at a high-risk district. 4). Potato was not found in food samples of a high-risk district. 5) confectionery was more prevalent in a low-risk district than at a high-risk district.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood lactate disappearance during breathing hyperoxic gas after exercise in two different physical fitness groups--on the workload fixed at 130% AT.","authors":"T Maeda,&nbsp;A Yasukouchi","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyperoxic gas breathing on the disappearance of blood lactate after exercise in two groups having different physical fitness and to determine the most effective O2 concentration in consideration of workload. Our previous study has demonstrated that hyperoxic gas breathing brought out different effects among subjects. In respect of these effects, it was thought necessary to pay attention to exercise intensity. Therefore, the exercise intensity of this study was set by using relative workload of anaerobic threshold (AT) from the aspect of blood lactate. Ten healthy male students participated as subjects and were divided into 2 groups; a group consisting of 5 active students whose mean AT was 60.4% VO2max (Higher AT group) and the other group consisting of 5 inactive students having the mean AT of 48.8% VO2max (Lower AT group). All subjects underwent three cycles of ergometer exercise on a bicycle (workload; 130% AT) for 5 min and recovery session for 6 min. The hyperoxic gas breathing was given only for the recovery session. The conditions of breathing were air, 30, 40, 60 or 80% O2. Blood for determination of the blood lactate level was taken only in the recovery session. When compared with air-breathing, the blood lactate level was significantly reduced in the condition of more than about 60% O2 breathing in Higher AT group, but not in Lower AT one. Together with the previous findings, it was found that the blood lactate level was markedly reduced by more than 60% O2 breathing in Higher AT group without relation to the workload in the range of about 70 to 80% VO2max. In Lower AT group, however, the effects of hyperoxic gas breathing were dependent on the exercise intensity; 30% and 40% O2 breathings were effective for the subjects with more than about 65% VO2max, but not in a lower intensity than it. These results indicate that the effects of hyperoxic gas breathing on the disappearance of blood lactate are dependent on the exercise intensity and the physical capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20531510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}