Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology最新文献_第5页

Effects of two kinds of underwear on metabolic heat production during 60 min recovery after 30 min severe exercise in the cold. 两种内衣在寒冷条件下剧烈运动30分钟后60分钟恢复期间代谢产热的影响。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.173

M Ha, H Tokura, J Gotoh, I Holmér

{"title":"Effects of two kinds of underwear on metabolic heat production during 60 min recovery after 30 min severe exercise in the cold.","authors":"M Ha, H Tokura, J Gotoh, I Holmér","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.173","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermophysiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of underwear materials under the influences of profuse sweating produced during severe exercise in the cold. Two kinds of underwear were used: two layers of cotton underwear with two-piece long-sleeved shirt and full-trousers (C), and two layers of polypropylene underwear with two-piece long-sleeved shirt and full-trousers (P). In addition, the subject put on a two-piece ski suit of 100% polyester including 100% polyester padding. Eight adult females volunteered as subjects in this study. The test was performed in a climatic chamber at an ambient air temperature of 2 degrees C and an air velocity of 0.26 m.s-1. The subject exercised on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of 65% maximal oxygen uptake for 30 min and followed by 60 min recovery. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1) The fall of rectal temperature tended to be greater in P during the recovery. 2) The absolute humidity of innermost layer and middle layer was significantly higher in C than in P during the recovery, but the absolute humidity of middle layer and outermost layer was significantly higher in P than in C during the exercise. 3) Clothing microclimate temperature of innermost at back was significantly higher in C during the exercise and recovery. 4) Metabolic heat production for last 30 min during recovery was significantly higher in P. 5) The degree of skin wettedness sensation and sweating sensation for whole body was significantly higher in P during the exercise. It was concluded that the slower evaporation behavior by absorbing of underwear material in the clothing system has a beneficial influence on thermophysiological responses during severe exercise and its recovery in the cold, although the differences were very small.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20753954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Physiological and fitness comparison between young Japanese and American males. 日本和美国年轻男性的生理和健康比较。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.189

Y Nakanishi, V Nethery

{"title":"Physiological and fitness comparison between young Japanese and American males.","authors":"Y Nakanishi, V Nethery","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.189","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and cultural aspects are known to influence particular characteristics of an ethnic group and, as such, are partially responsible for distinguishing an ethnic group from others. This study was designed to compare non-athlete young Japanese and American males on a variety of physiological and fitness characteristics in order to locate and quantify the magnitude of any physiological and fitness differences between the two races. Aerobic capacity based upon bicycle ergometer, resting heart rate, and resting blood pressure, vertical jump, grip strength, and flexibility as measured by sit-and-reach, and trunk-and-neck extension tests were obtained for 20 Japanese and 20 American males whose ages ranged between 19 and 25 years. Cardiovascular and aerobic capacity data indicated that the Americans had higher blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic blood pressures) and higher absolute VO2max than the Japanese. However, the Japanese had a higher relative VO2max value than the Americans. The Japanese had higher values than those of the Americans in the vertical jump and for trunk-and-neck flexibility. Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that the Japanese had a higher lower extremity power and better flexibility in the trunk-and-neck extension compared with the American.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20753956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Seasonal variation of sweating responses under identical heat stress. 相同热应激下出汗反应的季节变化。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.167

Y Nakamura, K Okamura

{"title":"Seasonal variation of sweating responses under identical heat stress.","authors":"Y Nakamura, K Okamura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.167","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal variation of sweating responses under identical heat stress was investigated to make clear the seasonal acclimatization in daily human life on the experiments. The heat stress of 33 degrees C air temperature, 50% relative humidity laid in the experiments was chosen as a usual daytime condition in summer in metropolitan cities such as Tokyo and Osaka. Five subjects were exposed under the identical heat stress in the climate chamber every two months through the year. Results were discussed on the mean values for five subjects. Although the relation of skin temperature to daily mean air temperature showed a variation of high in summer and low in winter before the heat stress, it rose and showed almost constant value during the heat stress. The seasonal variation of tympanic temperature appeared a little before the heat stress, but disappeared during the heat stress. The seasonal variation of sweating responses was evident, that was high in summer and low in winter. The concluding remarks are as follows: 1) It could be considered that there is a seasonal acclimatization on the threshold temperature for sweat onset. 2) The seasonal acclimatization on sweating is supposed to be caused by the seasonal acclimatization of the threshold temperature. 3) The seasonal acclimatization on sweating could be comprehended in four stages corresponding closely to the daily mean air temperature (Ta). The 1st stage is December-April when Ta < 15 degrees C, the 2nd stage is April-August when 15 degrees C < Ta < 25 degrees C, the 3rd stage is the term centering on August when Ta > 25 degrees C and the 4th stage is August-December when 15 degrees C < Ta < 25 degrees C.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20753953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Thermal responses from repeated exposures to severe cold with intermittent warmer temperatures. 反复暴露于严寒和间断性温度升高的热反应。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.195

H Ozaki, H Enomoto-Koshimizu, Y Tochihara, K Nakamura

{"title":"Thermal responses from repeated exposures to severe cold with intermittent warmer temperatures.","authors":"H Ozaki, H Enomoto-Koshimizu, Y Tochihara, K Nakamura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.195","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate physiological reaction and manual performance during exposure to warm (30 degrees C) and cool (10 degrees C) environments after exposure to very low temperatures (-25 degrees C). Furthermore, this experiment was conducted to study whether it is desirable to remove cold-protective jackets in warmer rooms after severe cold exposure. Eight male students remained in an extremely cold room for 20 min, after which they transferred into either the warm room or the cool room for 20 min. This pattern was repeated three times, and the total cold exposure time was 60 min. In the warm and cool rooms, the subjects either removed their cold-protective jackets (Condition A), or wore them continuously (Condition B). Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, manual performance, blood pressure, thermal, comfort and pain sensations were measured during the experiment. The effects of severe cold on almost all measurements in the cool (10 degrees C) environment were greater than those in the warm (30 degrees C) environment under both clothing conditions. The effects of severe cold on all measurements under Condition A except rectal temperature and toe skin temperature were significantly greater than those under Condition B in the cool environment but, not at all differences between Condition A and Condition B in the warm environments were significant. It was recognized that to remove cold-protective jackets in the cool room (10 degrees C) after severe cold exposure promoted the effects of severe cold. When rewarming in the warm resting room (30 degrees C), the physiological and psychological responses and manual performance were not influenced by the presence or absence of cold-protective clothing. These results suggest that it is necessary for workers to make sure to rewarm in the warm room outside of the cold storage and continue to wear cold-protective clothing in the cool room.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20753957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Cardiovascular change in elderly male breath-hold divers (Ama) and their socio-economical background at Chikura in Japan. 日本千仓地区老年男性屏气潜水员的心血管变化及其社会经济背景

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.181

B Holm, E Schagatay, T Kobayashi, A Masuda, T Ohdaira, Y Honda

{"title":"Cardiovascular change in elderly male breath-hold divers (Ama) and their socio-economical background at Chikura in Japan.","authors":"B Holm, E Schagatay, T Kobayashi, A Masuda, T Ohdaira, Y Honda","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.181","url":null,"abstract":"The Ama have existed for more than 2000 years in Japan and Korea. They have been diving for seaweed and molluscs. Their traditional way of fishing, with goggles or a mask, but without a wetsuit, is still practised as a result of laws against overfishing. We investigated cardiovascular diving responses, expressed as heart rate (HR) reduction, peripheral vasoconstriction indicated by skin blood flow (SkBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during breath-hold face immersion in a group of eight elderly male Ama at Chikura, Japan. Their data were compared to those from three other groups: a) elderly non-divers; b) young divers and c) young non-divers. Our previous studies have shown that young divers show a more pronounced bradycardia than young non-divers. The present study of elderly Ama and elderly non-divers was performed to investigate if this difference persists in old age. We found that, in spite of many years of diving experience, HR reduction of the elderly professional divers observed during face immersion did not differ from that of elderly non-divers, but it was much less pronounced than in the two younger groups. We conclude that even if a well-developed diving response at young age has been reduced to the level of non-divers, the Ama are still able to continue their work of diving in old age. Ama that has been a traditionally female occupation, is mostly practised by men at Chikura today. No young have been recruited for this profession. Therefore, the present Ama are senior and the traditional breath-hold diving will probably cease to exist in the near future. The probable reasons for these changes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20753955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Male brain and female brain. 男性大脑和女性大脑。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.161

Y Kikuchi

引用次数: 3

Effects of armrests on workload with ten-key operation. 扶手对十键操作工作量的影响。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.123

T Hasegawa, M Kumashiro

引用次数: 17

Usefulness of computer-assisted portable EEG recorder for field work in applied human science. 计算机辅助便携式脑电图记录仪在应用人文科学野外工作中的实用性。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.149

T Yuasa, S Higuchi, A Maeda, Y Motohashi

引用次数: 1

The effect of high-salt diet intake on muscular exercise ability in young Japanese women. 高盐饮食摄入对日本年轻女性肌肉运动能力的影响。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.145

Y Fukuba, S Makino, Y Takeda, J Kawashima, H Murakami, A Miura

{"title":"The effect of high-salt diet intake on muscular exercise ability in young Japanese women.","authors":"Y Fukuba, S Makino, Y Takeda, J Kawashima, H Murakami, A Miura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.145","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to test whether high-salt diet intake has some acute impaired effect to the muscular exercise ability due to the calcium deficit in muscle cell via the accelerated sodium-calcium exchanger. Six healthy young Japanese women (aged: 22.3 +/- 1.9 yr) performed two types of muscle strength tests and ramp mode cycle ergometer exercise until exhaustion after normal- (NaCl is approximately 5.6 g) and high-salt (21.0 g) controlled diet intake on two separate days in random order. The urinary sodium excretion sampled during 12 hours on the high-salt diet day was significantly higher compared to that of normal-salt diet day (3301 +/- 992 vs 1595 +/- 540 mg; P < 0.05), while there was no substantial difference between the urinary calcium excretion in high- and normal-salt diet days (58.6 +/- 19.7 vs 55.0 +/- 17.2 mg; ns). There were no significant differences in back strength, repeated maximal hand grip exercise ability, and VO2max and duration time during ramp exercise between high- and normal-salt diet conditions. It was concluded that high-salt diet intake even exceeding 20 g per day had substantially no acute effect on muscular exercise ability in young Japanese women.","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20671857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preface to the discussions in gender difference. 性别差异讨论的序言。

Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.151

T Akamatsu

引用次数: 0