Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Lateral difference in the reproduction of arm positioning movement: an examination of the hypothesis on the levels of psychological processes.","authors":"M Yamauchi,&nbsp;K Imanaka,&nbsp;M Nakayama,&nbsp;J Matsunaga","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the hypothesis on the levels of psychological processes (Hatta, 1977, 1978) accounts for lateral differences in arm positioning movement (a spatial localization task). Fifteen right-handed male subjects were asked to perform a constrained criterion movement, 12 cm in length, with the left or right arm. Then, after a 10-sec retention interval, they were asked to perform the movement with the same arm, estimating lengths of 6, 12 or 24 cm. Different levels of psychological processes were assumed to be involved in estimating these various movement lengths--half, the same, or double that of the original. All possible combinations of the arm (left/right) and three movement length were tested. The CE scores were lower (more accurate) for the left arm (half; 1.5 +/- 8.1 mm, same; 4.3 +/- 6.2mm, double; 5.9 +/- 20.3 mm) than those for the right arm (half; 5.9 +/- 7.6 mm, same; 10.6 +/- 10.6 mm, double; 11.8 +/- 23.6 mm) in all conditions, indicating a lateral difference (the right hemisphere dominance) in arm positioning tasks. This typical lateral difference, which displayed no significant difference among conditions, is supposed to be mediated by complex or high-level psychological processes. These psychological processes are required by the subjects in the estimation of the various movement lengths. This study suggests that the level of psychological processes is a crucial factor in the manifestation of lateral differences in the performance of arm positioning movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloth color preference under the influences of body heating due to hot bath immersion.","authors":"S H Kim,&nbsp;H Tokura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The experiment is aimed at knowing the effect of \"body heating\" on color preference. Eleven subjects with normal color vision served as subjects. Two tests, one of the \"No Bath\" and the other of the \"Bath\" were conducted. Hot bath immersion with 38.5 degrees C was performed for 30 min from 07:30 h to 08:00 h. Then, they were instructed to choose a single colored cloth out of 41 cloth colors (24 x 52 cm), preferred by themselves, every five min from 08:00 h to 09:00 h under the ambient temperature (Ta) of 27 degrees C. Most subjects preferred cooler color after \"body heating\" than after \"not body heating\". This finding was discussed in terms of greater differences between core temperature and its set point after \"body heating\", because cooler color would be helpful psychologically in allowing raised core temperature approach its set point.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New apparatus stimulating the region of tongue innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve and its application to monosodium glutamate (MSG) solution.","authors":"B C Min,&nbsp;M Wada,&nbsp;K Sakamoto","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some apparatuses stimulating the region of tongue innervated by chorda tympani nerve were well known and they were used popularly, but the apparatuses for glossopharyngeal nerve were not produced yet. In the study, the apparatus for the stimulations of glossopharyngeal nerve was trially produced. It was known that the substance of \"Umami\" was responded well in the tongue region innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve. The evoked potential for the stimulations of monosodium glutamate (MSG) solution which was known as substance of Umami was measured with the use of the trial stimulating apparatus. The evoked potential was detected by monopolar lead for the positions between Cz and A1 (left lobe) with the ground at Fpz. The evoked potential of MSG consisted of a positive peak wave with the latency at approximately 250 ms. The amplitudes increased and the latency decreased as the concentration of MSG increased. The evoked potential stimulating the tongue innervated by this glossopharyngeal nerve could be detected for the first time by the use of the trial apparatus.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of thermal sensation during varied air temperature conditions.","authors":"T Katsuura,&nbsp;R Tabuchi,&nbsp;K Iwanaga,&nbsp;H Harada,&nbsp;Y Kikuchi","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seven male students were exposed to four varied air temperature environments: hot (37 degrees C) to neutral (27 degrees C) (HN), neutral to hot (NH), cool (17 degrees C) to neutral (CN), and neutral to cool (NC). The air temperature was maintained at the first condition for 20 min, then was changed to the second condition after 15 min and was held there for 20 min. Each subject wore a T-shirt, briefs, trunks, and socks. Each sat on a chair and was continuously evaluated for thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and air velocity sensation. Some physiological and thermal parameters were also measured every 5 s during the experiment. The correlation between thermal sensation and skin temperature at 15 sites was found to be poor. The subjects felt much warmer during the rising phase of the air temperature (CN, NH) than during the descending phase (HN, NC) at a given mean skin temperature. However, thermal sensation at the same heat flux or at the same value of the difference between skin and air temperature (delta(Tsk - Ta)) was not so different among the four experimental conditions, and the correlation between thermal sensation and heat flux or delta(Tsk - Ta) was fairly good. The multiple regression equation of the thermal sensation (TS) on 15 sites of skin temperature (Tsk; degrees C) was calculated and the coefficient of determination (R*2) was found to be 0.656. Higher coefficients of determination were found in the equations of thermal sensation for the heat flux (H; kcal.m-2.h-1) at the right and left thighs of the subjects and on delta(Tsk - Ta) (degrees C) at 4 sites. They were as follows: TS = 2.04 - 0.016 Hright - 0.036 Hleft; R*2 = 0.717, TS = 1.649 + 0.013 delta(Tsk - Ta)UpperArm - 0.036 delta(Tsk - Ta)Chest - 0.223 delta(Tsk - Ta)Thigh-0.083 delta(Tsk - Ta)LowerLeg; R*2 = 0.752, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal of optimal floor surface temperature based on survey of literatures related to floor heating environment in Japan.","authors":"L Zhang,&nbsp;K Emura,&nbsp;Y Nakane","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to comprehensive research on floor heating in Japan and abroad over the last twenty years it is possible today to predict these combinations of comfortable conditions. The specific aim of this investigation is to obtain experimental data upon which the comfortable range of the floor surface temperature could be based, thereby providing a practical and more satisfactory design guide. Accordingly literatures on floor heating are collected and investigated with the purpose of revealing what the comfort range of floor surface temperature ought to be. Authors tried to obtain a comfortable and permissible floor surface temperature and then reconfirm the maximum comfortable range so that they can propose a reasonable comfortable floor surface temperature and make it fit for practical and extensive use. After synthesizing all the comfortable and permissible values reported in many other papers, this paper finally advances a suggestion on the optimal and permissible floor surface temperatures. Results concerning this subject are as follows. The lowest floor surface temperature would be limited to 25 degrees C, and it is 21-23 degrees C for the air temperature so that more than 80% subjects can be expected to be comfortable within this recommended temperature interval.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20530791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sweet suppressing agent on gustatory brain evoked potentials generated by taste stimuli.","authors":"B C Min,&nbsp;K Sakamoto","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A measurement system was employed to detect gustatory evoked potentials from human scalp by stimulus of a taste solution with the use of a laser beam device. The evoked potentials for four taste qualities (i.e., sweet-sucrose, salty-sodium chloride, sour-tartaric acid, and bitter-quinine-HCl) were measured before and after treatment with a sweet suppressing agent (i.e., gymnema sylvestre extract) to the tongue of a human. The solution was given to the chorda tympani nerve located 20 mm from the apex of the tongue and 15 mm from the left side of the center line. The maximum potential level and its latency were evaluated. Artificial saliva was used as a control solution. The evoked potentials obtained were averaged by eight evoked potentials to detect the peak of the evoked potential more clearly. The latencies for taste stimuli were found on two kinds of peaks at approximately 50 ms and 180 ms. These peaks are P1 and P2. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sweet suppressing agent on P1 and P2. The influence of the sweet suppressing agent to evoked potential by salty, sour, and bitter taste stimuli was not recognized, but the responses to sweet (sucrose) were abolished after treatment with a sweet suppressing agent. It was recognized that the peak P2 originated from the taste stimulus. The peak P1 did not suffer the influence of the sweet suppression, so it was considered that the response to P1 was due to sensations other than the gustatory response, such as somatosense.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20496011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal function in hyperbaric environment.","authors":"Y S Park,&nbsp;J R Claybaugh,&nbsp;K Shiraki,&nbsp;M Mohri","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During mixed gas saturation diving (to 3-49.5 ATA) daily urine flow increases by about 500 ml/day, with no changes in fluid intake and glomerular filtration rate. The diuresis is accompanied by a significant decrease in urine osmolality and increase in excretion of such solutes as urea, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The fall in urine osmolality is mainly due to a reduction of free water reabsorption which is associated with a suppression of insensible water loss and the attendant inhibition of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) system. The increase in urea excretion may be associated with a reduction of urea reabsorption at the collecting duct as a consequence of ADH suppression. The rise in K+ excretion is due to a facilitated K+ secretion at the distal tubule as a result of increased aldosterone, urine flow and excretion of impermeable anions such as Pi. The activation of aldosterone system is partly attributed to a transient dehydration induced by early hyperbaric diuresis. The increase in Na+ excretion in the face of enhanced aldosterone secretion indicates that the Na+ transport in the proximal tubule is markedly inhibited (by unknown mechanism). The Pi excretion increases with no changes in plasma level of parathyroid hormone (PTH), thus it may be due to an inhibition of Na(+)-Pi cotransport in the proximal tubule. The increase in Ca2+ excretion may be secondary to the inhibition of Na+ transport at the proximal tubule. Precise information on the proximal tubular Na+ transport is important to understand the mechanisms of impaired solute transport under hyperbaric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20496010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysiological significance and the role of local clothing in ambient 10 degrees C environments.","authors":"Y H Lee,&nbsp;H Tokura","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to understand the role of clothing covering and uncovering the hands, feet, legs, thighs, buttocks and hypogastric region for human thermoregulation at an ambient temperature of 10 degrees C, two series of experiments were conducted on six healthy male subjects wearing three different kinds of clothing in Expt. 1 and four different kinds of clothing in Expt. 2. The three kinds of clothing used in Expt. 1 were, clothing A covering the whole body surface area except the head, clothing B covering the whole body surface area except the head and feet, and clothing C covering the whole body surface area except the head, hands and feet. The four kinds of clothing used in Expt. 2 were clothing C used in Expt. 1, clothing D covering the whole body surface area except the head, hands, feet and legs, clothing E covering the whole body surface area except the head, hands, feet, legs and thighs, and clothing F covering the whole body surface area except the head, hands, feet, legs, thighs, buttocks and hypogastric regions. The starting time of the experiment, the subject measurement variables and the garments used were all kept constant throughout the experiment. The subjects were instructed to enter a chamber at room-temperature and various sensors were attached. The subjects were then instructed to relax until a quasisteady temperature state was reached. The subjects were then moved into a chamber at 10 +/- 0.2 degrees C, 50 +/- 5% RH. for two hours. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The level of rectal temperatures of subjects wearing clothing C were maintained significantly better than the temperatures of subjects wearing clothing A and B who experienced a significant drop in temperature in the 10 degrees C chamber in Experiment 1. 2) In Experiment 2, the rectal temperatures of subjects wearing clothing E were maintained significantly better than subjects wearing clothing C, D, and F, who also experienced significant drops in temperature in the 10 degrees C chamber. These different behavior patterns of rectal temperatures were discussed in terms of the counter-current heat exchange system.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20496012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen kinetics in response to impulse work.","authors":"T Yunoki,&nbsp;M Horiuchi,&nbsp;T Yano","doi":"10.2114/jpa.17.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.17.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20496013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of liquid cooling garments: technical control of mean skin temperature and its adjustments to exercise.","authors":"M Hexamer,&nbsp;J Werner","doi":"10.2114/jpa.16.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.16.237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes an automatic control concept for liquid cooling garments. The concept consists of an own controller for mean skin temperature whose setpoint is either fixed or adjusted to the metabolic heat production by means of the heart rate signal. The controller for mean skin temperature included both a proportional and an integral signal path (PI-type), the latter being able to eliminate any load error within the control loop. This means that the actual skin temperature will always match the given setpoint irrespective of the amount and the origin of the heat gain at the body shell. Experiments were carried out to test the operation of the skin temperature controller. There the setpoint was fixed while metabolic heat production was changing. After a transient period with deviations, the load error was always eliminated by the skin temperature controller. With this result one can also imagine the controllers ability to compensate changing heat gains from the environment. Despite this behaviour, the amount of heat removal was not high enough to prevent sweating and warm discomfort during all exercise levels. Therefore we draw the conclusion that, in addition, the setpoint of the skin temperature should be adjusted to the metabolic rate/heat production. A convenient physiological signal that reflects the current level of metabolic rate is the heart rate signal. After being filtered the heart rate signal was used during some experiments to change the setpoint of the skin temperature controller. The reason for this filtering (lowpass, time constant = 10 min) was, firstly, the necessity of attenuating the consequences of short-term psychological effects on the heart rate and secondly, the avoidance of vasoconstriction due to too fast changes of the exercise/heart rate induced cooling rate. In the following experiments it became clear that the adjustment of the skin temperature setpoint to the exercise level was an improvement as there was less sweating and the subjects felt more comfortable.</p>","PeriodicalId":79317,"journal":{"name":"Applied human science : journal of physiological anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/jpa.16.237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20467528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}