The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Combination of micro-PIXE and SR-XRF for elemental distribution in the small intestine of mice administered with CsCl","authors":"Haruko Yakumaru,&nbsp;Izumi Tanaka,&nbsp;Kyoko Ayama,&nbsp;Chiya Numako,&nbsp;Masakazu Oikawa,&nbsp;Oki Sekizawa,&nbsp;Kiyofumi Nitta,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ishihara,&nbsp;Shino Homma-Takeda","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06382-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06382-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The small intestine is important for the absorption of orally ingested substances. The luminal surface of the intestinal tract is covered with the villi, which is responsible for initial absorption. However, the elemental distribution in the fine structure of the intestine has not been clearly understood. Particle-induced X-ray emission analysis with microbeam (micro-PIXE) detects light elements and is suitable for the elemental distribution analysis of biological tissues. Conversely, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) predominantly detects heavy metals. Herein, the intestinal elemental distribution was examined in mice administered with Cs by combining micro-PIXE analysis for endogenous P, K, and S and SR-XRF analysis using high-energy synchrotron radiation for Cs. Elemental distributions corresponding to the luminal structure were obtained using sections of the small intestine; P, K, and S concentrations were higher in the villi than in the basal region in the intestine of the control mice. Cs administration did not considerably alter the distributions of these elements. Additionally, Cs was higher in the villi than in the basal region of the intestine and was found at the center area of the villi where the lamina propria and capillary vessels of circulation are distributed, with high magnification analysis. The proposed method is useful for studying the intestinal dynamics of Cs distribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the reconversion products of darkened lead white and development of an innovative approach for its stabilization","authors":"Patrizia Moretti,&nbsp;Giulia Russo,&nbsp;Letizia Monico,&nbsp;Riccardo Vivani,&nbsp;Mauro Matteini,&nbsp;Francesca Piqué","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06334-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06334-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In wall paintings, the darkening of lead-based pigments is a widespread alteration process due to the oxidation of lead Pb(II) into Pb(IV) in the form of lead dioxide (primarily plattnerite, β-PbO₂). In the case of lead white, it consists of lead carbonate transforming by oxidation into plattnerite. This phenomenon can severely affect the esthetical appearance of a painting and seems related to several factors such as alkaline environment, humidity, light, oxidizing agents, and microorganisms. These elements have been investigated as potential responsible for the darkening, but without firmly establish the causes, mechanisms, and kinetics of the reactions. Nevertheless, the desire of recovering the original colors encouraged conservators to use a chemical redox treatment known as “reconversion”, based on the use of hydrogen peroxide and diluted acetic acid. Although never analytically confirmed, this chemical treatment was successfully applied on darkened portions of several wall paintings proving the recovery of the white appearance. Unfortunately, in some cases, particularly those in humid environments, the reconversion was not stable and darkening reoccurred over time. This evidence highlights the need to ensure the stability of the recovered white guaranteeing the long-term efficacy of the reconversion. This study illustrates the results of in vitro laboratory tests, performed on pure powdered plattnerite, to investigate the chemical nature of the reconversion products and to develop an innovative stabilization method based on the use of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). The attenuated total reflection mode infrared analyses (ATR-FTIR) and the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data showed that the addition of DAP leads to the formation of a white compound, namely hydroxypyromorphite [Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH], which thanks to its extremely low solubility, could prevent the occurrence of redarkening of the treated painted surface.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06334-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend analysis of climatic parameters using geographical information systems: a case study of Sivas Province (1982–2021)","authors":"Zinnur Yilmaz,&nbsp;Anıl Can Birdal","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06371-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06371-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change has become a significant concern globally, and understanding regional patterns and trends is crucial for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This article presents a comprehensive Mann–Kendall trend and Sen’s slope estimator test conducted to examine the long-term trends in surface temperature, 2-m above temperature, and precipitation in Sivas Province, Turkey. Utilizing a dataset spanning several decades, Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests were applied to assess the presence of statistically significant trends in the selected climatic parameters. Additionally, remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) were incorporated as supplementary and validation data sources to enhance the accuracy and reliability of our analysis. Furthermore, GIS techniques facilitated the integration of diverse geospatial data layers, including land cover, offering valuable insights into the complex interactions between climate variables and the environment. The combined analysis of MK trends, SS test, and RS/GIS data yielded a robust understanding of the changing climate dynamics in Sivas Province. Our findings not only contribute to the growing body of knowledge on regional climate change but also underscore the importance of utilizing advanced technologies like RS and GIS for accurate trend analysis and informed decision making. This study highlights the potential of these supplementary data sources in enhancing our understanding of climate trends and supports the development of climate change adaptation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06371-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the Ocimum americanum extract as a novel pickling agent for steel in sulfuric acid medium: electrochemical, surface modification, DFT, and MC simulation studies","authors":"Abhishek Sharma,&nbsp;Akhil Saxena,&nbsp;Jasdeep Kaur,&nbsp;Vishal Mutreja,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Ahmad J. Obaidullah,&nbsp;Dakeshwar Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Konstantin P. Katin,&nbsp;Elyor Berdimurodov","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06376-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06376-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the acid pickling nature of the <i>Ocimum americanum</i> extract (OAE) an acidic media. Corrosion is a common problem in industrial applications; therefore, the study intends to minimize corrosion by exploiting the OAE’s natural advantages as an environmentally benign alternative to standard inhibitors. The ability of the OAE was assessed utilizing a variety of methods. The anti-corrosive behavior of the OAE was tested using the linear polarization and impedance methods. The maximum efficacy of 92.93% is observed at 2000 ppm concentration of the OAE. It is identified that the OAE adsorbs on the mild steel surface, preventing corrosive assault in acidic environments due to morphological alterations, functional groups, and a combination of both physisorption and chemisorption. Apart from the electrochemical and surface analysis, the DFT and MC simulation confirm the effectiveness of the OAE as a pickling agent in sulfuric acid medium..</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High sensitivity and ultra-narrowband perfect metamaterial absorber based on graphene metasurface","authors":"Yingxing Zeng,&nbsp;Boxun Li,&nbsp;LiLi Zeng,&nbsp;Genxiang Zhong,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Shao,&nbsp;Haiqing Xu,&nbsp;Mingliang Liu,&nbsp;Zhiguo Chen,&nbsp;Chengjian Dai","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06374-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06374-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, high-quality-factor, high-sensitivity dual-narrowband absorption can be achieved via Fabry–Perot resonance. Quantitative research is performed to assess the impact of monolayer graphene on plasmon resonance absorption. The absorption rates corresponding to the frequencies of <i>f</i>₁ = 26.73995 THz and <i>f</i>₂ = 26.75145 THz, as demonstrated by the results, are 99.72 and 99.64%, respectively. The proposed structure exhibits two ultra-narrow absorption bands with a remarkably small frequency interval (∆<i>f</i> ≈ 11.5 GHz). The absorber functions as a sensitive refractive index detector with high sensitivity and high-quality factors of 11383.59 and 4.2857 THz/RIU. Uniquely, the absorber combines ultrahigh sensitivity (S₂ = 4.2857THz/RIU) and record-breaking quality factors (<i>Q</i> &gt; 11,000), significantly surpassing prior designs. Polarization-insensitive absorption is ensured by the symmetric C4 configuration, while dynamic tunability is demonstrated via Fermi-level modulation (0.4 eV ≤ E_<i>f</i> ≤ 1.0 eV), enabling active spectral shifting of resonance peaks without compromising absorption efficiency. These advancements, supported by coupled-mode theory and full-wave simulations, establish the device as a versatile platform for high-precision refractive index sensing, optical switching, and multifunctional mid-infrared photonic systems. The high <span>(Q - factor)</span> and high sensitivity of the design make it possible for the absorber to be used in optical detectors and mid-infrared refractive index sensors.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constant curvature 3-branes in 5-D f(R) bulk","authors":"Shafaq Gulzar Elahi,&nbsp;Soumya Samrat Mandal,&nbsp;Soumitra SenGupta","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06243-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06243-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Braneworld models remain the most promising candidates to address several important questions in low-energy particle phenomenology and cosmology. The role of the moduli field(s) and its stabilization is an integral part of this question. Considering that most Braneworld models involve bulk curvature of the order of <span>(M_{textrm{Pl}})</span>, in this work, we show that a 5-dimensional warped Braneworld model with <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) gravity in bulk admits de-Sitter and anti-de-Sitter solutions on the branes. The remarkable feature of having a positive vacuum energy on the visible brane is the presence of a metastable minimum and a global minimum for the modulus potential. While the metastable minimum leads to a consistent cosmological model of a bouncing universe, the concomitant existence of the global minimum provides a vacuum for the modulus to roll down to stability. Further, this model is shown to be consistent with the swampland conjecture to qualify as a viable candidate in the low-energy description of string landscape</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A custom experimental setup for scintillator characterization: application to a Ce-doped GAGG crystal","authors":"L. Gironi,&nbsp;S. Dell’Oro,&nbsp;C. Gotti,&nbsp;N. Manenti,&nbsp;E. Mazzola,&nbsp;M. Nastasi,&nbsp;D. Peracchi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06350-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06350-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scintillators are widely used in radiation detection, with continuous advancements enhancing their performance and developing new materials. This study presents a custom experimental setup for the characterization of crystal scintillators under different temperature and pressure conditions. The setup is flexible and capable of providing prompt feedback, which is crucial for material development. We tested the setup with a Ce-doped <span>(hbox {Gd}_{3}hbox {Al}_{2}hbox {Ga}_{3}hbox {O}_{12})</span> (GAGG) scintillator, evaluating its response to different types of radiation, particularly alpha particles. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of GAGG ’s scintillation properties, including light output, quenching factors, and pulse-shape discrimination capabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06350-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological framework for solving Einstein’s equations in axially symmetric spacetimes","authors":"J. Ospino,&nbsp;J. L. Hernández-Pastora,&nbsp;A. V. Araujo-Salcedo,&nbsp;L. A. Núñez","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06240-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06240-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a novel methodology for deriving stationary and axially symmetric solutions to Einstein’s field equations using the <span>(1+3)</span> tetrad formalism. This approach reformulates the Einstein equations into first-order scalar equations, enabling systematic resolution in vacuum scenarios. We derive two distinct solutions in polar and hyperbolic geometries by assuming the separability of a key metric function. Our method reproduces well-known solutions such as Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics and extends the case of rotating spacetimes to hyperbolic configurations. Additionally, we explore the role of Killing tensors in enabling separable metric components, simplifying analyses of geodesic motion and physical phenomena. This framework demonstrates robustness and adaptability for addressing the complexities of axially symmetric spacetimes, paving the way for further applications to Kerr-like solutions in General Relativity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06240-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy of black holes, charged probes and noncommutative generalization","authors":"Axel Hrelja,&nbsp;Tajron Jurić,&nbsp;Filip Požar","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06306-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06306-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The brick wall model is a semi-classical approach to understanding the microscopic origin of black hole entropy. We outline the formalism for the brick wall model in arbitrary number of dimensions and generalize it to include both charged spacetimes and charged probes in order to systematically show how to calculate the entropy for any black hole, in higher orders of the WKB approximation. We calculate the entropy for the Reissner–Nordström and charged BTZ black holes, and by looking at the chargeless limits, we recover the entropy of the Schwarzschild and neutral BTZ black holes. We also study noncommutative corrections to the black hole entropy by using a Drinfeld twist to deform spacetime symmetries. Using the noncommutative action for a charged scalar field, we derive the noncommutative Klein–Gordon equation and the radial equation in arbitrary dimension on which we generalize the brick wall method. We study case by case the noncommutative Reissner–Nordström and noncommutative charged BTZ black holes, the entropy of which we calculate using the generalized brick wall method. Corrections due to higher order in the WKB approximation arise, and they are given by the logarithms of the black hole area. The corrections in the lowest order of WKB due to noncommutativity are also given by the logarithms of the black hole area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of resonant THz wave generation in plasma density ramp due to Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian lasers","authors":"Renu Rajput,&nbsp;Shivani Vij,&nbsp;Alka Mehta,&nbsp;Jyoti Rajput","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06358-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06358-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation through the interaction of two Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian (HChG) lasers, co-propagating along the z-axis and polarized along the <i>y</i>-axis, incident obliquely on a plasma. At the beat frequency, the lasers induce a ponderomotive force within the plasma, generating nonlinear velocity and current density, which serve as sources for THz radiation. The research examines THz conversion efficiency in relation to plasma parameters such as normalized propagation distance, tangential plasma ramp, angle of incidence, and plasma frequency, as well as laser parameters including the Hermite polynomial mode index (m) and decentered parameter. The findings highlight potential applications in real-time plasma diagnostics and portable high-frequency sources for wireless communication and medical imaging. This study offers new theoretical insights into the nonlinear interaction of HChG lasers with plasma, advancing THz science and its technological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06358-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}