The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing deep-region charge collection in P-type HPGe detectors via depth-engineered doping gradients","authors":"John O. Mutua,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Stanley M. Matsitsi,&nbsp;Liu Liu,&nbsp;Shihui Zhu,&nbsp;Xinhe Zheng","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07444-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are essential for high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy in high-energy physics (HEP, e.g., 50 keV–10 MeV), neutrino physics, and rare event searches. However, their performance is often limited by charge trapping, non-uniform electric fields, and material inhomogeneities. This is particularly for interactions occurring at greater depths within the detector. Our paper proposes a simulation idea to understand the interactions, while the detection depth is changed. The aim is to improve charge collection efficiency (CCE) for HEP applications. To confirm this model, we used a p-type HPGe detector with a z-direction doping gradient. The simulation models a 20-mm-long, 15-mm-radius HPGe crystal. The contacts assume the standard fabrication processes of lithium-ion diffusion and boron-ion implantation for both n⁺ and p⁺ contacts, respectively. An impurity gradient, increasing along the z-axis, is credited for enhanced internal electric field at greater detector depths. This improves carrier drift and reduces trapping losses. Using the isotropic charge carrier model and Boggs trapping model at 78 K, the simulation predicts near-complete CCE in deeper regions, where conventional uniform doping fails. Experimentally, a p-type HPGe detector, similar to the simulated one and cooled by liquid nitrogen, is evaluated using non-collimated gamma-ray sources (²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁷Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co) at 5.7 cm and 9.6 cm source-to-detector distances. The results show high efficiency and resolution for shallow, low-energy interactions, but significant efficiency loss for deeper, high-energy gamma rays. These findings validate the simulation and highlight the benefits of depth-engineered doping for optimizing CCE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelastic response of a micro-concentrated medium under Hall current and gravity effect in the Green–Naghdi framework","authors":"Mohamed I. A. Othman,&nbsp;Samia M. Said,&nbsp;Rania A. Fathy,&nbsp;Mohamed G. Eldemerdash","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07687-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07687-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores the EFFECTs of gravity and Hall current on a magneto-thermo-elastic diffusive solid with micro-concentration via Green-Naghdi (G–N) of type II and III, which offers a more precise depiction of thermal behavior in materials. The governing equations are derived and solved through normal mode analysis, providing expressions for stress, temperature, displacement, and concentration fields. Numerical simulations demonstrate the impact of these factors on physical quantities. The findings show significant interactions between the magnetic field, thermal effects, and micro-concentration, underscoring the importance of these parameters in the design and analysis of advanced materials and structures. The novelty of this work lies in the unified treatment of Hall current and gravitational effects in a thermoelastic media with micro-concentration, modeled under the G–N theory of heat conduction. To the best of the authors knowledge, no prior studies have considered the combined influence of these physical mechanisms in this context. This integration leads to new analytical expressions and reveals unique thermo-magneto-mechanical behaviors, advancing the theoretical foundation for more accurate modeling of complex, multiphasic materials and systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical analysis of cosmological models in non-minimal scalar non-metricity gravity","authors":"Bikash Chandra Roy,&nbsp;Bikash Chandra Paul","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07720-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07720-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the evolution of a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe in the framework of scalar non-metricity theory of gravity. In the model, we consider dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) described by the scalar field. In the paper, we examine the asymptotic behavior of the evolution of the observed universe. We probe the universe with and without an interaction between DM and the effective energy density including scalar field in the non-metricity theory that describes the DE. The critical points of the autonomous system and their stability are determined to understand the behavior of the universe. The cosmological models accommodate the late accelerating phase of the universe for a given set of parameters, a matter-dominated saddle point is also found to exist which is flowed by a decelerating phase dominated by stiff fluid like DE. We obtain a new class of cosmological model accommodating early inflation, matter-dominated era, and a future decelerating phase followed by late acceleration of the universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplified photocurrent in heterojunctions comprising nanorippled zinc oxide and perovskite-inspired Cs3Cu2I5","authors":"Si Hyeok Yang,&nbsp;Lim Kyung Oh,&nbsp;Na Young Lee,&nbsp;Dong Ho Lee,&nbsp;Sang Min Choi,&nbsp;Bowon Oh,&nbsp;Yun Ji Park,&nbsp;Yunji Cho,&nbsp;Jaesel Ryu,&nbsp;Hongki Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Chin,&nbsp;Yeonjin Yi,&nbsp;Myungkwan Song,&nbsp;Han Seul Kim,&nbsp;Jin Woo Choi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07711-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07711-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular zero-dimensional (0D) halide perovskite-inspired cesium copper iodide (Cs₃Cu₂I₅) is a highly promising candidate for optoelectronic applications due to its low toxicity, high stability, and intense blue emission. However, its intrinsically poor electrical conductivity, stemming from conductive copper iodide tetrahedra isolated by cesium atoms, severely limits charge transport which poses a critical challenge for optoelectronic applications. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to overcome this limitation by utilizing precisely optimized zinc oxide nanoripple structures within a lateral Cs₃Cu₂I₅ photodetector (PD) architecture featuring interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The ZnO nanoripple structures were systematically tuned to improve the percolation paths, providing efficient routes for photogenerated carriers to migrate to the IDEs. Consequently, the optimized heterojunctions comprising Cs₃Cu₂I₅ and ZnO exhibited superior photocurrent compared to the pristine Cs₃Cu₂I₅ counterparts. This nanostructure-mediated charge transport engineering strategy for lateral structured PDs offers a new pathway for utilizing low-conductivity 0D materials for conventional optoelectronics, next-generation Internet of Things sensor networks, and plausibly biosensing applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological risk evaluation in mining areas: a case study of Keffi, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"O. G. Onuk,&nbsp;C. M. Amakom,&nbsp;O. A. Adeyeba,&nbsp;U. Rilwan,&nbsp;Habu Tela Abba,&nbsp;Yusuf Mohammad Auwal,&nbsp;M. I. Sayyed,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Hanfi,&nbsp;M. B. Isah,&nbsp;Taha Yaseen Wais","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07717-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07717-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed the distribution and radiological hazards of radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K) in soil samples from Keffi, North-Central Nigeria. Using gamma-ray spectrometry, the mean activities were 27.5 ± 24.3 Bq kg^− 1 (²³⁸U), 13.75 ± 8.4 Bq kg^− 1 (²³²Th), and 1502.5 ± 1501.3 Bq kg^− 1 (⁴⁰ K). High variability, skewness, and kurtosis indicated geological heterogeneity. Sample S1 showed the highest radionuclide levels, correlating with intense gemstone mining. Radiological indices (Ra_eq, H_ex, H_in, ADR, I_γ) revealed localized hazards, with S1 exceeding safety thresholds. Correlation and PCA analyses confirmed strong relationships among radionuclides and hazard parameters, explaining over 98% of total variance. Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and AGDE results highlighted localized exposure threats. Elevated ⁴⁰K activities above global limits emphasize the impact of mining on background radiation and the need for continuous monitoring to mitigate radiological health risks in the Keffi region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modular, adaptive, and scalable quantum factoring algorithm","authors":"Alok Shukla,&nbsp;Prakash Vedula","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07719-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07719-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods, but remains impractical on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits. Building on our recent work on adaptive and windowed phase estimation methods, we have developed a modular, windowed formulation of Shor’s algorithm that potentially mitigates these limitations by restructuring phase estimation into shallow, independent circuit blocks that can be executed sequentially or in parallel, followed by lightweight classical post-processing. This approach allows for a reduction in the size of the phase (or counting) register from a large number of qubits down to a small, fixed block size of only a few qubits (for example, three or four phase qubits were sufficient for the computational examples considered in this work), while leaving the work register requirement unchanged. The independence of the blocks allows for parallel execution and makes the approach more compatible with near-term hardware than the standard Shor’s formulation. An additional feature of the framework is the overlap mechanism, which introduces redundancy between blocks and enables robust reconstruction of phase information, though zero-overlap configurations can also succeed in certain regimes. Numerical simulations verify the correctness of the modular formulation while also showing substantial reductions in counting qubits per block.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-response surface characterization and process optimization in wire EDM of NiTi shape memory alloys","authors":"Emre Altas,&nbsp;Ömer Bayraktar,&nbsp;Hüseyin Gökce,&nbsp;S. H. Gawande,&nbsp;Sinan Aksöz","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07693-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07693-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advanced materials produced through cutting-edge technologies play a crucial role in fulfilling the evolving demands of both consumers and industry. Consequently, material scientists actively engage in research focused on the production and enhancement of these materials’ properties. Among these, nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys stand out due to their exceptional characteristics, including high elastic deformation capability, superior strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, these same properties also render NiTi alloys difficult to machine using conventional techniques, often leading to significant tool wear and suboptimal surface quality. To address these challenges, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has emerged as a more effective alternative to traditional machining methods for processing NiTi alloys. The primary objective of this study is to minimize material deformation by achieving the lowest possible surface roughness during the WEDM of NiTi shape memory alloys. These alloys are commonly utilized in high-performance sectors such as aerospace and defense, where precision and surface integrity are critical. Another goal is to optimize the machining parameters to enable accurate cutting without necessitating any additional finishing operations. In this study, gray relational analysis (GRA), a prominent multi-criteria decision-making method, was employed to optimize the WEDM process parameters. An experimental design based on the Taguchi L27 (3⁵) orthogonal array was used to systematically investigate the effects of machining parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then conducted to quantify the influence of each parameter. The findings indicate that the most significant control factors are: current for kerf width (73.67%), dielectric fluid flow rate for burr height (37.26%), servo voltage for machining time (59.24%), and current for surface roughness (61.16%). Furthermore, two-way interactions between control factors were also found to have a notable impact on machining outcomes. The optimization results were validated through confirmatory experiments, and the high correlation coefficients obtained support the reliability of the developed mathematical models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-selection entanglement purification for high-dimensional systems","authors":"Ke Li,&nbsp;Ji Qi,&nbsp;Zi-Hao Wei,&nbsp;Rui-Yang Yuan,&nbsp;Zhe Yang,&nbsp;Bao-Cang Ren","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07718-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07718-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a double-selection high-dimensional entanglement purification protocol (DS-HDEPP) to protect the quality of high-dimensional entangled states from ambient noise. In DS-HDEPP, Hermitian generalized XOR gate and quantum (inverse) Fourier transformation are performed on three copies of noisy high-dimensional entangled states, and a high-fidelity high-dimensional entangled system can be purified according to the measurement results of the other two high-dimensional entangled systems. This DS-HDEPP has higher efficiency, fewer iteration rounds, and less resource consumption, and it exhibits greater robustness under imperfect quantum gate operations, compared with the previous works. In addition, an improved iteration method is introduced to further increase the efficiency and reduce the iteration times of the protocol. All these advantages make this protocol practical for depressing the effect of noises in quantum information protocols with qudit systems.query{Please check the edit made in the article title.}</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic-ray exposure in traditional architecture of the equatorial region using PHITS: a case study of Cameroon","authors":"Serge Didier Takoukam Soh,&nbsp;Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop,&nbsp;Sato Tatsuhiko,&nbsp;Guillaume Samuel Bineng,&nbsp; Saïdou,&nbsp;Maurice Ndontchueng Moyo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07608-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07608-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cosmic radiation exposure in both traditional and modern architectural structures has been assessed using the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) Monte Carlo simulation, across various ethnic regions of Cameroon. The study was conducted considering traditional architectures associated with ethnic groups in the West (Bamileke), Center (Bafia), South (Fang-Beti), Littoral (Sawa), East (Baka), Northwest (Tikar), and Southwest (Bakweri). The traditional architectures in these regions are primarily constructed using locally available materials such as wood, bamboo, thatch (straw), and mud bricks. Building shielding factors for traditional and modern architectures ranges from 0.964 to 0.999 and from 0.859 to 0.892 with an average value of 0.990 ± 0.009 and 0.872 ± 0.010, respectively, during solar minimum activity. The total average contribution of muons (μ⁺ and μ−) in traditional architectures was found to account for 64% and 66% of the total dose during solar minimum and maximum activity, respectively. In contrast, protons exhibited a significantly lower average contribution of 0.43% and 0.40% during solar minimum and maximum periods, respectively. The calculated annual cosmic-ray doses were 0.32 ± 0.02 mSv (Bamileke), 0.27 ± 0.01 mSv (Bafia), 0.27 ± 0.02 mSv (Fang-Beti), 0.23 ± 0.02 mSv (Sawa), 0.27 ± 0.02 mSv (Baka), 0.32 ± 0.01 mSv (Tikar), and 0.22 ± 0.03 mSv (Bakweri). In both solar conditions, traditional houses generally exhibit a higher annual cosmic-ray dose compared to modern houses. All values are below the global average of 0.39mSv reported by UNSCEAR. These results indicate no significant radiological risk to inhabitants of traditional architectures from cosmic-ray exposure. However, in addition to providing comfort and structural strength, modern houses offer better protection against cosmic radiation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-(Q_0) treatment of CEBAF 1.5 GHz SRF cavities","authors":"Pashupati Dhakal","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07702-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07702-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF) was the first large-scale accelerator to employ superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities for continuous-wave operation. Ongoing research and development efforts continue to focus on increasing the intrinsic quality factor (<span>(Q_0)</span>) of these cavities in order to reduce cryogenic losses while maintaining operational gradients. In this work, we report on the application of high-<span>(Q_0)</span> surface treatments to single-cell and multicell C100 and C75 style 1.5 GHz niobium cavities used in the CEBAF accelerator. Nitrogen infusion and oxygen alloying via medium-temperature baking were applied under heat treatment constraints relevant to existing cavity hardware. Both processes yielded substantial improvements in <span>(Q_0)</span> at moderate accelerating gradients, achieving values of approximately 2 <span>(times)</span> 10<span>(^{10})</span> at 2.07 K and 20 MV/m. The effectiveness of nitrogen infusion at reduced annealing temperatures and the successful extension of oxygen alloying to multicell cavities are demonstrated. These results establish viable pathways for implementing high-<span>(Q_0)</span> treatments in CEBAF-compatible cavities and support future integration into cryomodules for reduced operational cryogenic load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}