The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Radiation shielding efficiency of alkali modifiers incorporated telluro-phosphate glasses","authors":"A. Paul Raj,&nbsp;K. A. Naseer,&nbsp;R. Prince Selvaraj,&nbsp;K. A. Mahmoud,&nbsp;P. Matheswaran,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Alqahtani,&nbsp;K. Marimuthu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08280-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08280-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research focuses on evaluating the radiation damping capabilities of alkali modifiers incorporated telluro-phosphate glass systems fabricated through melt quenching. A compositional series was prepared, based on the formulations (wt%); 44TeO₂+25P₂O₅+ 20MX +10CdO+1Dy₂O₃ (MX: Li₂O, LiF, Na₂O, NaF, K₂O, KF). The FTIR spectral scrutiny was conducted to determine the characteristics of the vibrations through band assignments, and UV–Vis-NIR was adopted to examine the absorption spectrum of the glass environment. The successful evaluation of physical properties shows that the TPCD:LF glass is more compact, and the minimum distribution distance between two formers found through structural properties also confirms the same. Elastic behavior analysis was utilized to gauge the glasses' appropriateness for durability, and optical absorption spectroscopy was conducted to investigate associated defects through Urbach energy analysis and transition phenomena. The γ-ray shielding characteristics were evaluated utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation. The simulated data confirms that the growth of γ-ray energy from 0.0332 MeV to 1.408 MeV decreases the linear attenuation coefficient of the investigated glasses. The obtained data confirm that the reported trend refers to replacing the oxide modifiers (Li₂O, Na₂O and K₂O) with the corresponding fluoride modifiers (LiF, NaF and KF). This change slightly enhances the linear attenuation coefficient along with related shielding parameters of the investigated glasses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escort-qubit-assisted optimization of superdense coding over noisy channels","authors":"Javid Ahmad Malik,&nbsp;Muzaffar Qadir Lone,&nbsp;Prince A. Ganai","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08333-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08333-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce an escort-qubit-assisted protocol that restores and stabilizes the superdense coding capacity of a shared Bell pair in the presence of amplitude damping channel (ADC) noise. Charlie sends Alice’s and Bob’s qubits through independent amplitude damping channels with rates <span>(gamma _a)</span> and <span>(gamma _b)</span>. Setting either rate to zero recovers the single-qubit-noisy cases; both nonzero gives the case where both qubits are noisy. In the absence of protection, ADC noise degrades the superdense coding capacity monotonically, driving it below the classical limit in the strong-decoherence regime and completely erasing the quantum advantage; the degradation is most severe when both qubits are damped simultaneously. Our escort-qubit protocol overcomes this limitation by coherently tracking the channel-induced Kraus trajectories during entanglement distribution: Post-selecting the no-flip trajectory projects the shared state onto a maximally entangled resource, recovering the optimal superdense coding capacity of two classical bits, independently of the noise strength and of which qubit(s) are damped. We further show, in closed form, that once all Kraus trajectories are accounted for, the resulting unconditional average capacity, <span>(langle C_{AD}^{e_ae_b}rangle =1+e^{-(gamma _a+gamma _b)t})</span>, remains strictly above the classical limit for any decoherence strength and any noise configuration. These results establish the escort-qubit protocol as a simple, scalable, and experimentally viable route to preserving quantum advantage in noisy quantum communication networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plumeria rubra and Caesalpinia pulcherrima-mediated ZnFe2O4: a green leap toward sustainable energy and environmental remediation","authors":"A. P. Nagendra Babu,&nbsp;R. Chaithra,&nbsp;M. Sucheta,&nbsp;C. G. Renuka","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08337-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08337-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This present investigation delineates an eco-benign combustion method for synthesizing zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles using phytogenic fuels from <i>Plumeria rubra</i> (PR) and <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> (CP) petal extracts. From XRD confirmed the attainment of phase purity spinel lattice with a preferred (222) orientation and crystallite sizes of 10–13 nm, validated by various models. Optical energy band gap of PR 3.0 eV and CP 3.2 eV suggests strong potential for visible light photocatalysis. Electrochemical tests showed pseudocapacitive traits with a 345.33 F/g of specific capacitance, 7.45 Wh/kg of energy density, and 323.3 W/kg of power density at 1 A/g. Photocatalytic degradation of dyes achieved 95.88% efficiency under solar light, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH radical scavenging, indicated significant free-radical neutralization, particularly in PR samples. The multifunctionality of the ZnFe₂O₄ nanostructures, including excellent electrochemical performance, optoelectronic tunability, and environmental remediation potential, makes them promising for future applications in energy storage, photocatalysis, and biomedicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher-dimensional static charged solutions in (f(mathbb {Q})) gravity","authors":"Yipeng Liu,&nbsp;Yuanzhang Cui,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08305-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate exact static solutions with cylindrical symmetry in higher-dimensional <span>(f(mathbb {Q}))</span> gravity. For the specific quadratic model <span>(f(mathbb {Q})=mathbb {Q}+frac{1}{2}alpha mathbb {Q}^2-2lambda)</span>, the Maxwell field allows the nonmetricity scalar to vary radially. The resulting charged solutions form two distinct branches: one describes an asymptotically (A)dS black hole and has a smooth general-relativistic limit, whereas the other does not admit such a limit. A previously obtained special solution is recovered as a particular case. These backgrounds provide a basis for future studies of the propagating degrees of freedom and dynamical stability of <span>(f(mathbb {Q}))</span> gravity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle creation in radiation and de Sitter cosmologies: a unified treatment via the Ermakov–Lewis invariant","authors":"L. Cheriet,&nbsp;S. Haouat","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08288-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08288-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we propose a unified treatment for the creation of scalar particles in de Sitter and radiation-dominated backgrounds using the Ermakov–Lewis invariant. We rely on two representations of the quantum field; the first one diagonalizes the Hamiltonian, while the second diagonalizes the invariant. The Bogoliubov transformation between these two representations enables us to extract an analytical expression of the time-dependent particle number. For a radiation-dominated universe, the particle number dynamics is shown to go through three phases: An adiabatic phase where the particle number is practically zero, a non-adiabatic phase characterized by quick growth and oscillatory behavior, and finally an adiabatic phase where the particle number relaxes to a constant limit. In de Sitter space, however, and especially when the mass of the field is comparable to the Hubble constant, the particle number continues to oscillate without reaching any constant limit. In the case when the universe undergoes a transition from a de Sitter phase to a radiation-dominated era, the particle number approaches a constant value at late times. This asymptotic particle number shows interference effects in the infrared region induced by successive Bogoliubov transformations associated with the cosmological transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accretion rate resulting in the initial mass function","authors":"Maciej Rybczyński,&nbsp;Zbigniew Włodarczyk","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08363-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08363-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to provide a description of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) using the framework of non-extensive statistical mechanics. We seek to demonstrate that the Tsallis distribution, characterized by a single analytical form, can successfully reproduce the full shape of the stellar IMF, from sub-stellar objects to massive stars, without the need for multi-segment or composite models. We adopt the Tsallis distribution derived from non-extensive statistics to model the IMF and perform a detailed comparison with the Kroupa form (Mon Not R Astron Soc 322:231–246, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x). The model parameters, including the non-extensivity index <i>q</i> and the characteristic mass scale <span>(m_0)</span>, are obtained by fitting the distribution to observational IMF data. Furthermore, we establish a dynamical interpretation of the Tsallis form through an analytical relation between the IMF and linear accretion rates. The Tsallis distribution reproduces the adopted IMF representation with high accuracy using only two parameters. The best-fit values, <span>(q = 1.40pm 0.01)</span> and <span>(m_0 = 0.086pm 0.008,M_odot)</span>, yield an asymptotic power-law slope <span>(alpha = 2.5)</span>, consistent with the Salpeter and Kroupa exponents. The model naturally reproduces the low-mass turnover near the hydrogen-burning limit and the high-mass power-law tail without requiring discontinuities. The derived analytical relation shows that, within the adopted formulation, the Tsallis form of the IMF corresponds to an accretion-rate dependence of the form <span>(dot{m}=a+bm)</span>. The non-extensivity parameter <span>(q)</span> may therefore provide a phenomenological characterization of fluctuations or correlations in star-forming systems. Establishing a direct connection between <span>(q)</span> and specific physical properties of the star-forming medium, however, requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08363-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyonic black holes in Lorentz-violating gravity with a background Kalb–Ramond Field","authors":"Yu-Xuan Lin,&nbsp;Jia-Zhou Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08353-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08353-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By introducing a nonminimal coupling between the Kalb–Ramond field and the electromagnetic field, we construct an exact four-dimensional static, spherically symmetric dyonic black hole solution in Lorentz-violating gravity with a background Kalb–Ramond field. The curvature invariants show that the space-time retains a genuine curvature singularity at <span>(r=0)</span>. We then analyze the geodesic motion of null and timelike particles and obtain the photon-sphere radius, the shadow radius, and the innermost stable circular orbit, demonstrating that the Kalb–Ramond parameter and the dyonic charges can appreciably modify the shadow size and the domain of stable circular motion. In the extended phase space, we derive the thermodynamic quantities and verify the first law of black hole thermodynamics together with the Smarr relation. The system also exhibits a first-order phase transition between small and large black holes, with the locations of the critical quantities quantitatively modified by the Kalb–Ramond background and the dyonic charges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lightweight web-based breast cancer classification and interpretable severity assessment using 3D Inception convolutional squeeze-excitation selective subject encoder","authors":"P. Anitha,&nbsp;N. Rajkumar","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08320-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08320-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer deaths around the world. Therefore, early detection of breast cancer is of paramount importance in improving the success rate of its treatment. Breast cancer screening through ultrasound imaging is a popular technique because it is affordable and efficient, even when used along with mammography. The task of identifying and segmenting the tumors on breast ultrasounds is extremely difficult. To address these challenges, a new technique called 3D Inception with lightweight convolution with squeeze-and-excitation selective subject encoder network (LC-SESN) is developed. This new technique leverages more sophisticated image-processing techniques, including augmentation and contrast enhancement. A lightweight EfficientNet-B7 extracts features, while layer-wise relevance propagation, combined with O-Net, ensures precise tumor segmentation. Additionally, the squeeze-excitation module recalibrates feature responses, and the selective subject encoder module focuses on tumor-specific attention, preserving multi-scale details for accurate classification. The model classifies tumors into mild, moderate, and critical severity levels. Snow crystal optimization (SCO) significantly improves overall performance, ensuring greater adaptability and robustness across diverse clinical data. Incorporated interpretability analysis through Grad-CAM++ and LayerCAM, along with model compression techniques, to enhance the model’s transparency and efficiency. Designed an app to provide breast cancer-related analysis through mobile applications, offering more affordable and effective medical support. An experimental evaluation of four benchmark ultrasound datasets demonstrated that LC-SESN achieved Dice scores of 95.32%, 96.42%, 99.54%, and 99.34%, as well as overall classification accuracies of 99.9%, outperforming existing methods. These results indicate LC-SESN’s potential for reliable, accurate, and efficient breast cancer diagnosis and severity assessment, offering promising results for early detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uni-directional descriptions of nonlinear waves and coherent structures in the regularized Boussinesq equation with cubic nonlinearity","authors":"Su Yang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08370-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08370-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we revisit the nonlinear waves and coherent structures of the regularized Boussinesq equation with cubic nonlinearity and propose first-order (in time) uni-directional quasi-continuum reductions to approximate these wave patterns. Firstly, it is shown that the regularized Boussinesq equation admits solitary wave and kink/antikink solutions which can be approximated by the associated wave patterns of the proposed uni-directional quasi-continuum model, which all possess analytical expressions. In addition, due to the non-convexity feature of the cubic nonlinearity, the regularized Boussinesq equation also admits both classical and atypical dispersive wave structures emerging from the dynamics of the corresponding Riemann problems. Despite the lack of analytical solutions for these dispersive waves, numerical solutions of these waves of the regularized Boussinesq equation can be obtained via numerical solvers and compared to those from the quasi-continuum models. Moreover, theoretical approaches such as DSW fitting are applied to gain useful insights into the distinct characteristics of these dispersive waves. All the relevant numerical comparisons finally demonstrate the impressive performance of the quasi-continuum models in approximating different wave patterns of the regularized Boussinesq equation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmon-assisted Eu3+ luminescence in Li2O-CaO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses embedded with bimetallic Ag-Au nanoparticles","authors":"A. Anto Jeffery,&nbsp;N. Srinatha","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08258-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08258-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, Eu³⁺-doped Li₂O-CaO-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ (LCBB) glass embedded with Ag-Au nanostructures was prepared by the melt-quenching method with a nominal composition of 18.8Li₂O + 10CaO + 10Bi₂O₃ + 60B₂O₃ + 1.0Eu₂O₃ + 0.1Ag + 0.1Au. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the glass were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV–Visible–NIR spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass; HRTEM/SAED revealed nanoscale Ag/Au with crystalline domains within the glass matrix. The UV–Visible-NIR spectrum displayed characteristic plasmonic absorption bands. Photoluminescence (PL), luminescence decay, CIE chromaticity, and Judd–Ofelt (JO) analyses were further employed to evaluate the Eu³⁺ emission characteristics, radiative parameters, and local structural environment. Under 394 nm excitation, intense red emission centered at ~612 nm corresponding to the hypersensitive ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition was observed, with a color purity of 96.4% and a calculated quantum efficiency of 64.32%. The JO analysis yielded Ω₂ values in the range of 4.751–5.307 × 10^–20 cm², indicating an asymmetric and relatively covalent local environment around Eu³⁺ ions. The combined structural and plasmonic effects substantially improve the radiative properties, indicating that bimetallic (Au-Ag)-modified LCBB glasses are promising candidates for photonic and optoelectronic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}