Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics最新文献_第6页

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-06-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-104715

P. McClarty

{"title":"Topological Magnons: A Review","authors":"P. McClarty","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-104715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-104715","url":null,"abstract":"At sufficiently low temperatures, magnetic materials often enter correlated phases hosting collective, coherent magnetic excitations such as magnons or triplons. Drawing on the enormous progress on topological materials of the past few years, recent research has led to new insights into the geometry and topology of these magnetic excitations. Berry phases associated with magnetic dynamics can lead to observable consequences in heat and spin transport, whereas analogs of topological insulators and semimetals can arise within magnon band structures from natural magnetic couplings. Magnetic excitations offer a platform to explore the interplay of magnetic symmetries and topology, to drive topological transitions using magnetic fields; examine the effects of interactions on topological bands; and generate topologically protected spin currents at interfaces. In this review, we survey progress on all these topics, highlighting aspects of topological matter that are unique to magnon systems and the avenues yet to be fully investigated. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

The Physics of Dense Suspensions 稠密悬浮液的物理学

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105938

C. Ness, Ryohei Seto, R. Mari

引用次数: 20

Irreversibility and Biased Ensembles in Active Matter: Insights from Stochastic Thermodynamics 活性物质的不可逆性和偏积:来自随机热力学的见解

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-032419

'Etienne Fodor, R. Jack, M. Cates

{"title":"Irreversibility and Biased Ensembles in Active Matter: Insights from Stochastic Thermodynamics","authors":"'Etienne Fodor, R. Jack, M. Cates","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-032419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-032419","url":null,"abstract":"Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating energy at the level of their microscopic components. This energy flux stems from the conversion of a fuel, present in the environment, into sustained individual motion. It can lead to collective effects without any equilibrium equivalent, some of which can be rationalized by using equilibrium tools to recapitulate nonequilibrium transitions. An important challenge is then to delineate systematically to what extent the character of these active transitions is genuinely distinct from equilibrium analogs. We review recent works that use stochastic thermodynamics tools to identify, for active systems, a measure of irreversibility comprising a coarse-grained or informatic entropy production. We describe how this relates to the underlying energy dissipation or thermodynamic entropy production, and how it is influenced by collective behavior. Then, we review the possibility of constructing thermodynamic ensembles out-of-equilibrium, where trajectories are biased toward atypical values of nonequilibrium observables. We show that this is a generic route to discovering unexpected phase transitions in active matter systems, which can also inform their design. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48726382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Active Turbulence 活跃的动荡

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-082321-035957

Ricard Alert, J. Casademunt, J. Joanny

{"title":"Active Turbulence","authors":"Ricard Alert, J. Casademunt, J. Joanny","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-082321-035957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-082321-035957","url":null,"abstract":"Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self-propelled colloids, and cell tissues. Despite occurring in the absence of inertia, chaotic active flows are reminiscent of inertial turbulence, and hence they are known as active turbulence. Here, we survey the field, providing a unified perspective over different classes of active turbulence. To this end, we divide our review in sections for systems with either polar or nematic order, and with or without momentum conservation (wet or dry). Comparing to inertial turbulence, we highlight the emergence of power-law scaling with either universal or nonuniversal exponents. We also contrast scenarios for the transition from steady to chaotic flows, and we discuss the absence of energy cascades. We link this feature to both the existence of intrinsic length scales and the self-organized nature of energy injection in active turbulence, which are fundamental differences with inertial turbulence. We close by outlining the emerging picture, remaining challenges, and future directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41617447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 109

The Hubbard Model: A Computational Perspective Hubbard模型：一个计算视角

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-090921-033948

M. Qin, T. Schafer, S. Andergassen, P. Corboz, E. Gull

引用次数: 140

Topology and Symmetry of Quantum Materials via Nonlinear Optical Responses 非线性光学响应下量子材料的拓扑结构和对称性

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013712

J. Orenstein, Johnathan Moore, T. Morimoto, D. Torchinsky, J. Harter, D. Hsieh

引用次数: 61

Stem Cell Populations as Self-Renewing Many-Particle Systems 干细胞群作为自我更新的多粒子系统

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-041720-125707

David J. Jörg, Yu Kitadate, S. Yoshida, B. Simons

引用次数: 7

A Career in Physics 物理学生涯

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-060120-092219

B. Halperin

引用次数: 0

Enzymes as Active Matter 酶作为活性物质

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-061020-053036

Subhadip Ghosh, Ambika Somasundar, Ayusman Sen

引用次数: 24

Mechanical Frequency Tuning by Sensory Hair Cells, the Receptors and Amplifiers of the Inner Ear 内耳感受毛细胞、受体和放大器的机械频率调节

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-061020-053041

Pascal Martin, A. Hudspeth

{"title":"Mechanical Frequency Tuning by Sensory Hair Cells, the Receptors and Amplifiers of the Inner Ear","authors":"Pascal Martin, A. Hudspeth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-061020-053041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-061020-053041","url":null,"abstract":"We recognize sounds by analyzing their frequency content. Different frequency components evoke distinct mechanical waves that each travel within the hearing organ, or cochlea, to a frequency-specific place. These signals are detected by hair cells, the ear's sensory receptors, in response to vibrations of mechanically sensitive antennas termed hair bundles. An active process enhances the sensitivity, sharpens the frequency tuning, and broadens the dynamic range of hair cells through several mechanisms, including active hair-bundle motility. A dynamic interplay between negative stiffness mediated by ion channels’ gating forces and delayed force feedback owing to myosin motors and channel reclosure by calcium ions brings the hair bundle to the vicinity of an oscillatory instability—a Hopf bifurcation. Operation near a Hopf bifurcation provides nonlinear generic features that are characteristic of hearing. Multiple gradients at molecular, cellular, and supercellular scales tune hair cells to characteristic frequencies that cover our auditory range.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-061020-053041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47381594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8