{"title":"Item analysis of Halstead's Speech-Sounds Perception Test: quantitative and qualitative analysis of errors.","authors":"R A Bornstein, M Leason","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pattern and type of errors on the Speech-Sounds Perception Test was examined in a sample of 513 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. There was considerable variability in the rate of correct response. Groups of patients with independently documented lesions were compared in regard to number and type of errors. It was found that patients with left-hemisphere lesions made a higher percentage of ending errors and a lower percentage of beginning errors than patients with right-hemisphere or bilateral lesions. These differences were maintained when the total error score was included as a covariate. It was also found that a cutoff score based on the percentage of ending errors correctly classified the unilateral-lesion patients at a statistically significant level. The potential clinical utility of these results were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"205-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17790683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MMPI diagnosis of psychosis in epilepsy.","authors":"R Lewis, D Lachar, S Voelker, L Vidergar","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical experience suggests that the diagnosis of psychosis in epilepsy with the MMPI is problematic, perhaps because the symptomatology of epilepsy and psychosis overlap. This study attempted to differentiate psychotic and nonpsychotic epileptics using the MMPI clinical and content scales, code-type categories, and modified Goldberg rule. A comparison group of schizophrenics was employed to explore differences between epileptic and schizophrenic psychoses. The failure of clinical scales and profile classification systems to differentiate the two epileptic groups implies that the MMPI might be insensitive to differential psychopathology in seizure-type subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"224-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17790686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationships between language skills as assessed by the Halstead-Reitan battery and the Luria-Nebraska language-related factor scales in a nonaphasic patient population.","authors":"G Goldstein, C Shelly","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study involved a comparison between language tests derived from the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological test batteries. Language-related measures from each battery were entered into a factor analysis based on a sample of 150 nonaphasic neuropsychiatric patients. Five factors were extracted and were named Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Verbal Intelligence, Auditory Discrimination, and Comprehension of Syntactical Relations. Measures from both the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska loaded on most of these factors. A canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska measures. However, it was noted that interpretation of this relationship must be qualified by the association found between the measures used and educational achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"143-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17789935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memory failures in everyday life following severe head injury.","authors":"A Sunderland, J E Harris, J Gleave","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Questionnaires concerning the incidence of memory failures in everyday life were used in a postal survey of the aftereffects of severe head injury. Several years after a severe injury, 50 patients were compared to 33 patients a similar period after a very mild injury. A questionnaire completed on behalf of each patient by someone living in daily contact with him appeared to have some validity as a memory measure. The pattern of memory failures reported was similar to that found in a previous study and this may primarily reflect the ease with which certain forms of memory failure can be observed. A questionnaire completed by the patients themselves had little validity, possibly because severely injured patients could not recall their own memory failures. Only a minority of severely injured patients were reported to be significantly handicapped by memory failures at this stage in their recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"127-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17789934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E E Schultz, T Y Keesler, L Friedenberg, A D Sciara
{"title":"Limitations in equivalence of alternate subtests for Russell's Revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale: causes and solutions.","authors":"E E Schultz, T Y Keesler, L Friedenberg, A D Sciara","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reasons for limited equivalence of Form II of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-II) Figural Memory Subtest as an alternate form for the Russell's Revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale (RWMS) Figural Memory Subtest were investigated. Thirty college students rated figural stimuli from RWMS and WMS-II on dimensions related to memory. Raters judged figural stimuli from RWMS to be less memorable, more complex, and more difficult to label verbally. Forms can be made more equivalent by either changes in scoring or the interchanging of stimuli across forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"220-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17790685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Y Keesler, E E Schultz, A D Sciara, L Friedenberg
{"title":"Equivalence of alternate subtests for the Russell Revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale.","authors":"T Y Keesler, E E Schultz, A D Sciara, L Friedenberg","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two studies were conducted to examine the adequacy of the Visual Reproduction and Logical Memory Subtests of Form II of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-II) as an alternate form for Russell's Revision of the WMS (RWMS). An archival data study on 46 inpatient alcoholics revealed greater pre-/post-treatment differences on Immediate Figural Recall scores for participants tested first on the RWMS, compared with participants tested first on the alternate subtests. In a second study, both forms were administered to 60 noninstitutionalized examinees. Immediate Figural Recall was again higher for subtests from WMS-II; Immediate and Delayed Semantic Recall were higher for RWMS. Data indicate apparent problems in the use of subtests of WMS-II as an alternate form for RWMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"215-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17790684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dichotic listening and tactual mental rotation in females as a function of familial sinistrality and strength of handedness.","authors":"A Bouma, J W van Strien, C Bekker, A Tjerkstra","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study the effects of familial sinistrality and strength of handedness on dichotic listening and tactual mental rotation were investigated. Nonfamilial left-handers were inferior to familial left-handers, particularly in right-ear performance. The decrement in right-ear performance is interpreted as indicative of a pathologically functioning left hemisphere in nonfamilial left-handers. The direction of ear asymmetry tends to be more predictable in strong left-handers than in weak left-handers, with nonfamilial strong left-handers showing a significant left-ear superiority and familial strong left-handers a nonsignificant right-ear superiority. In the tactual mental rotation task, the results suggest a preference of left-handers for a verbal encoding strategy, especially in the right hemisphere. This preferential strategy is particularly manifest in familial weak left-handers and nonfamilial strong left-handers. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for underlying patterns of cerebral organization in the left-handers.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"171-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17789937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonological error patterns in developmental verbal dyspraxia.","authors":"M A Crary, S Landess, R Towne","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phonological error patterns are analyzed in a group of 10 children presenting symptoms consistent with Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. Results indicate a dominance of \"sequentially constrained\" errors primarily involving sound and syllable omissions and timing errors. Rank-order correlations among the phonological errors and between phonological errors and developmental indices suggest that these children have a specific expressive language problem dominated by phonological errors of sequential reduction. Interpretation of the data points to a central motor planning deficit. Comparisons are made with other studies depicting neuropsychological deficits in similar children.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"157-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17789936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aphasic performance on a battery of constructional, visuo-spatial, and quantitative tasks: factorial structure and CT scan localization.","authors":"J C Borod, M Carper, H Goodglass, M Naeser","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the performance of aphasics on those functions associated with the parietal lobe of the left hemisphere. Data from the Parietal Lobe Battery (PLB) (Goodglass & Kaplan, 1972) were analyzed in 163 right-handed male aphasics with unilateral left-hemisphere lesions. Factor analysis on the 18 subtests of the PLB yielded a substantial general factor before rotation and four meaningful factors following rotation, involving construction, visual schemata, verbal components of the Gerstmann Syndrome, and visual finger recognition. Diverse aphasia subtypes were relatively homogeneous in their performance on the PLB. Upon examination of the influence of linguistic, demographic, and neurological factors, writing and auditory comprehension were found to make significant contributions to overall PLB performance. When considering lesion localization, as verified by CT scans in 36% of our sample, a lesion involving both parietal and frontal structures was the strongest predictor of impairment on the PLB.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 2","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17789938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuropsychological approaches to children: towards a developmental neuropsychology.","authors":"J M Fletcher, H G Taylor","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychologists working with children commonly infer a CNS basis for many developmental disabilities on the basis of test performance and behavioral observations. While there is nothing inherently wrong with such inferences, the fact that there exists no specific set of brain-behavior relationships validating these inferences is frequently overlooked. In this respect, CNS inferences on the basis of the child's performance can lead to four potential fallacies concerning relationships between brain and behavior. Each of these fallacies involves a failure to recognize important behavioral and biological differences between children and adults, or simply rests on faulty logic and inadequate research. In an effort to outline a truly developmental neuropsychology for children--as opposed to diverse approaches that apply adult-based techniques to children--we propose a functional organization approach. This approach separates the different types of variables underlying a developmental neuropsychology and focuses on behavioral theory and research addressing the development of children's abilities. A specific emphasis of this approach is on processes of change--one of the primary psychological characteristics separating children and adults. The use of this approach as a general research strategy for children whose disabilities are associated with demonstrable or presumed CNS aberrations may lead to a set of behavioral laws that can be systematically related to a biological substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 1","pages":"39-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17753681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}