{"title":"Attentional deficits in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).","authors":"P Brouwers, R Riccardi, D Poplack, P Fedio","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401222","url":null,"abstract":"Simple alerted auditory reaction time (SRT) behavior with various foreperiods was investigated in a group of long-term survivors of childhood ALL who were in continuous first remission. As part of therapy, the patients had received cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy to prevent the development of central nervous system leukemia. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of CT brain scan findings: (1) those with normal CT scans (n = 10); (2) those with evidence of cortical atrophy (n = 8), and (3) those with intracerebral calcifications (n = 5). The SRT results indicated significant differences between patients with normal and abnormal CT scans. Specifically, patients with abnormal scans reacted slower, and this latency was exaggerated by increasing the length of the warning interval. Furthermore, they reacted with larger variability which increased with the prolongation of testing. Moreover, the severity of impairment was related to the type of CT-scan abnormality: patients with calcifications performed more poorly than patients with evidence of atrophy. The present results revealed a strong correlation between the presence and type of CT-scan abnormalities and attentional performance in long-term survivors of childhood ALL.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"325-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17646623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An individualized memory retraining program after closed-head injury: a single-case study.","authors":"B Crosson, W Buenning","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A memory-retraining program was designed for a patient approximately 2 1/2 months after he suffered a closed-head injury. Tests showed his memory deficit to be relatively isolated in the verbal sphere. An attempt was made to design a program in which tasks resembled the environmental demands on the patient for retention of verbal material. On a routine basis, the patient was read various paragraphs and was subsequently required to write them from memory. Three different strategies were used in an attempt to improve memory. After 15 days of training, the patient improved from an impaired level of verbal recall to a normal level. Strategies employing (a) visual imagery and other mnemonic devices and (b) questioning during presentation appeared to be most effective in facilitating retention. There was some drop in memory performance at a 9 month follow-up, and the patient was encouraged to resume active use of mnemonic strategies. Implications for further study are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"287-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eye-movement patterns in disabled readers at two age levels: a test of Bakker's balance model.","authors":"J Donders, H van der Vlugt","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eye-movement patterns of good and poor readers at two age levels during slide-presented reading, arithmetic and perceptual-closure tasks were compared. Older dyslexics were deficient in reading and arithmetic, but performed well on perceptual-closure tasks. Younger dyslexics were deficient on all tasks. Both younger good readers and older poor readers appeared to use a right-hemispheric reading strategy, while older dyslexics appeared to show a left-hemispheric approach. Younger dyslexics did not exhibit any strategy at all. Implications for Bakker's balance model of dyslexia and for subtypes research in dyslexia are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"241-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuropsychological sequelae of light head injuries in older children 6 months after trauma.","authors":"G B Gulbrandsen","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifty-six children, 9-13 years of age, underwent neuropsychological testing 4-8 months after concussion. They were individually matched with a control group on the variables of school grade, sex, and academic achievement. On 29 of the 32 test variables, the results of the control group were superior to those of the experimental group. Analysis of variance showed that the concussion factor explained most of the differences between the groups. The differences tended to decrease with increasing age, and to increase with increasing complexity of the tests. The results indicate that neuropsychological sequelae after concussion may be demonstrated, even when there are few subjective complaints and no perceptible lags in academic achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"257-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical test of a short form of the speech-sounds perception test in a child population.","authors":"K A Moehle, R A Berg, W Lancaster, K Huch","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adequacy of a shortened version of the children's Speech-Sounds Perception Test was examined. In two different groups of chronically ill children, stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the first three subtests (first 30 items) accounted for over 87% of the variance in the total 60-item test. The 30-item version appears to be as useful with children as the full 60-item test.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"337-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17646444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limitations of the brief form of the Halstead Category Test.","authors":"J M Taylor, H Goldman, J Leavitt, K M Kleinmen","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study attempted to cross-validate a short form of the Category Test (subtests 1-4) first used by Calsyn, O'Leary, and Chaney (1980). One hundred and sixty-eight subjects were assigned to one of six neurological categories, and Category Test scores predicted (via regression analysis) from performance on the short form were compared with actual scores obtained from the original long form. While there was a high correlation (r = .91) between the two sets of scores, a large number of normal subjects were misclassified as brain-damaged. Additionally, subjects with focal right lesions could not be differentiated from normals either on the basis of error scores predicted from short form performance or the absolute number of errors made on subtests 1-4. These results suggested that shortening the Category Test may limit its applicability with certain populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"341-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuropsychological deficits following head injury in children.","authors":"H W Winogron, R M Knights, H N Bawden","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children who had sustained head injuries were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of injury defined according to neurological criteria, and their performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests was compared. The groups were matched for age and sex. Performance IQ and timed tests of motor speed, fine-motor coordination, tactual-spatial functions, and verbal fluency showed significantly greater deficits for severely injured patients than for those who were mildly or moderately injured. Relations between neurologic indices of severity of injury and psychological outcome measures were investigated. Glasgow Coma Scale severity scores and the duration of altered consciousness were related to performance on several major neuropsychological functions. Acute intracranial pressure measures were unrelated to outcome. Comparisons of neuropsychological profiles indicated that the pattern of deficit after severe head injury is more distinctive than are those after mild and moderate injuries. Deficit patterns were least similar for the mild and severe groups, and were most similar for the mild and moderate groups. Results were discussed in terms of their prognostic utility, and suggestions were made for the future study of neurologic-psychologic relations after head injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"267-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raven IQ and language recovery following stroke.","authors":"R M David, C E Skilbeck","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between IQ and language recovery in aphasic patients was investigated using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Functional Communication Profile, and Schuell scores. The study involved 148 stroke patients who were part of a controlled trial of speech therapy. Although initial IQ correlated with severity of aphasia, no evidence was found for a relationship between IQ and subsequent language recovery. Nevertheless, initial IQ level was found to relate to some measures of physical status and to death soon after testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"302-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17270018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuropsychological correlates of rapidly vs. slowly growing intrinsic cerebral neoplasms.","authors":"J Hom, R M Reitan","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four groups of patients with intrinsic cerebral neoplasms were compared to determine the differential effect of neoplasm (rapidly vs. slowly growing) and lateralization of damage (right vs. left hemisphere) upon neuropsychological functioning. No prior study has had enough subjects with neoplastic lesions to permit this kind of investigation. The group with rapidly growing neoplasms consistently had greater neuropsychological impairment. Lateralization of cerebral damage was found to have a differential effect on neuropsychological functions. Results indicate that neuropathological and lateralization characteristics of neoplastic lesions (and probably of cerebral lesions in general) are important variables in understanding the behavioral correlates of cerebral damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3","pages":"309-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17528000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuropsychological deficits following head injury in children.","authors":"H. Winogron, Robert M. Knights, Harry N. Bawden","doi":"10.1080/01688638408401218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638408401218","url":null,"abstract":"Children who had sustained head injuries were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of injury defined according to neurological criteria, and their performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests was compared. The groups were matched for age and sex. Performance IQ and timed tests of motor speed, fine-motor coordination, tactual-spatial functions, and verbal fluency showed significantly greater deficits for severely injured patients than for those who were mildly or moderately injured. Relations between neurologic indices of severity of injury and psychological outcome measures were investigated. Glasgow Coma Scale severity scores and the duration of altered consciousness were related to performance on several major neuropsychological functions. Acute intracranial pressure measures were unrelated to outcome. Comparisons of neuropsychological profiles indicated that the pattern of deficit after severe head injury is more distinctive than are those after mild and moderate injuries. Deficit patterns were least similar for the mild and severe groups, and were most similar for the mild and moderate groups. Results were discussed in terms of their prognostic utility, and suggestions were made for the future study of neurologic-psychologic relations after head injury.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"267-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638408401218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59718756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}