Annals of Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Neurobehavioural Exploration of Breath-counting & Breath-awareness in Novice Indian Meditators: A Naturalised Ānāpānasati-based Paradigmatic Approach.","authors":"Mannu Brahmi, Dushyant Soni, Jyoti Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09727531241308701","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241308701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neural activity and subjective experiences indicate that breath-awareness practices, which focus on mindful observation of breath, promote tranquil calm and thoughtless awareness.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study explores the impact of tristage Ānāpānasati-based breath meditation on electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations and self-reported mindfulness states in novice meditators following a period of effortful cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-nine novice meditators (82 males; Mean Age = 24.59 years) underwent a breath-based meditation intervention consisting of three stages: Resting State (RS), Breath Counting (BC), and Breath Focus (BF). EEG assessed neural oscillatory changes throughout the three stages while providing spectral indices for arousal and cognitive workload (CWL) stagewise. State mindfulness and breath awareness-related self-reported feedback were also collected using the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ) post-BF stage and the curated Breath Count Feedback (BCF) post-BC stage, respectively. The internal reliability and construct validity of the standardised ARSQ and the designed BCF were satisfactorily computed within our sample. A within-subjects cross-sectional neurobehavioural examination of the breath self-regulatory novice experiences was thus conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The breath-based intervention significantly increased alpha power across all stages, indicating relaxation. Theta and delta powers increased during BC and BF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting enhanced working memory and focused attention. Gamma power in meditation-associated brain regions and occipital beta oscillations showed significant positive correlations with breath counts, reflecting improved visual and attentional concentration. Lower pre-meditative arousal and smaller in-meditation CWL levels were associated with fewer distractions and increased confidence accuracy during BC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that BC may serve as a valuable tool for improving present-centric control and concentration, highlighting the importance of managing CWL and arousal levels to optimise meditation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241308701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiosome Territories of Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII).","authors":"Deepthi Simhadri, Haritha Kanne, Upendra Mallela","doi":"10.1177/09727531241301826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241301826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taylor and Palmer introduced an angiosome (vascular) concept in reconstructive plastic surgery in 1987. The angiosome is considered a segment of a nerve (cranial or peripheral nerve) supplied by a primary source of blood vessels.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To observe the arteries supplying the vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) from the brainstem till their termination. To analyse the neurovascular relationship of the vestibulocochlear nerve.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 45 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads with the base of the skull were studied by dissection and histological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the level of the pontomedullary junction, it is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery; within the internal acoustic canal, the cochlear nerve is provided by the cochlear artery, the vestibular nerve is supplied by a vestibular artery, which is the fine branch of the labyrinthine artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Their vascular supply influences the functioning of nerves. The labyrinthine artery is a thin, slender end artery, making it more vulnerable to circulatory disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241301826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between BMI and Neurocognitive Functions Among Middle-aged Obese Adults: Preliminary Findings Using Machine-learning (ML)-based Approach.","authors":"Dipti Magan, Raj Kumar Yadav, Jitender Aneja, Shivam Pandey","doi":"10.1177/09727531241307462","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241307462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies suggest that obesity predisposes individuals to developing cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unexplored for better prognostic predictors.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study, the first of its kind in Indian participants with obesity, was intended to explore the use of quantification of different neurocognitive indices with increasing body mass index (BMI) among middle-aged participants with obesity. Additionally, machine-learning models were used to analyse the predictive performance of BMI for different cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the cross-sectional analytical study, a total of 137 (<i>n</i> = 137) participants were included. Out of the total, 107 healthy obese (BMI = 23.0-30.0 kg m^-2; age between 36 and 55 years of both genders) were recruited from the out-patient department of the Department of Endocrinology and General Medicine, and 30 participants were recruited as the control group, between March 2023 to February 2024. The participants underwent neuropsychological assessments, including mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant (<i>p</i> < .05) differences were observed for neurocognitive functions for the obese group versus the control group. According to the correlation heatmaps, BMI was significantly (<i>p</i> < .05) negatively associated with BDNF. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a substantial (<i>p</i> < .05) decline in BDNF with a change in BMI, accenting its significant impact on cognitive ageing. Additionally, consistent decreasing trends were observed across the MoCA and MMSE, confirming the robustness of the findings across diverse analytical methodologies. Furthermore, the linear regression model and super vector machine model contributed additional evidence to the consistency of the trends in cognitive decline linked to BMI variations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preliminary results of the present study support that increased BMI is an important physiological indicator that influences neurocognition and neuroplasticity in individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241307462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Bhramari</i> and <i>Sheetali</i> Pranayama on Cardio Respiratory Function in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study.","authors":"Rohini P, A Saravanan, K Maheshkumar, K ThamaraiSelvi, P Kalyani Praba, Venkataraman Prabhu","doi":"10.1177/09727531241306849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241306849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of long-term health issues in recovered patients, collectively known as \"post-COVID syndrome.\"</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined pranayama techniques, specifically <i>Sheetali</i> and <i>Bhramari</i>, on pulmonary function and heart rate variability in post-COVID patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 90 post-COVID patients (aged 19-40). Participants were divided into three groups of 30 each: control, <i>Bhramari</i> Pranayama and <i>Sheetali</i> Pranayama. The intervention groups practiced their respective pranayama techniques for 15 minutes twice daily for 6 months. Outcome measures included Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 3 months, both pranayama groups showed moderate improvements in pulmonary function and HRV compared to baseline. By 6 months, these improvements were significantly enhanced. The <i>Bhramari</i> group showed increased FVC from 3.2 ± 0.5 L to 3.5 ± 0.4 L at 3 months, and to 3.7 ± 0.4 L at 6 months (<i>P</i> < .001). Similarly, the <i>Sheetali</i> group reflected improved FVC from 3.3 ± 0.4 L to 3.5 ± 0.3 L at 3 months, reaching 3.7 ± 0.3 L at 6 months (<i>P</i> < .001). HRV measures showed a similar trend, with SDNN and RMSSD in the <i>Bhramari</i> group and <i>Sheetali</i> pranayama group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides novel insights into the combined effects of <i>Bhramari</i> and <i>Sheetali</i> Pranayama on post-COVID patients. The findings suggest significant improvements in respiratory function and autonomic nervous system balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241306849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal Median Nerve Conduction Velocity Slowing in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Observational Retrospective Study.","authors":"Senthil Kumar Subramanian, Rajathi Rajendran","doi":"10.1177/09727531241306863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241306863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, characterised by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Traditional understanding views CTS as a distal compression issue, but recent evidence suggests potential proximal involvement.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of proximal median nerve conduction velocity (CV) slowing in CTS patients and examine its association with CTS severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, data were analysed from 80 CTS patients and 40 controls from the Electrophysiology Lab at a tertiary care institute. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) evaluated the median nerve's conduction velocity and latency. Patients were classified by CTS severity, and nerve conduction parameters were statistically compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTS patients exhibited significantly prolonged distal motor latency (DML) (5.2 ± 0.8 ms) and reduced forearm motor conduction velocity (MCV) (55.3 ± 4.1 m/s) compared to controls (<i>P</i> < .01). Approximately 27.45% of CTS hands showed proximal median nerve slowing. The severity classification showed that Grade 3 CTS was the most prevalent (47%), followed by Grade 2 (23%) and Grade 1 (10%). There was a negative correlation between distal latency and forearm conduction velocity, suggesting that as distal latency increases, forearm conduction velocity decreases. Post-operatively, significant improvements were observed in distal latency (mean decrease: 1.2 ± 0.5 ms, <i>P</i> < .01), but median nerve conduction velocity remained unchanged. While there was a trend towards improvement in CMAP amplitude, the difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A subset of CTS cases exhibits reduced proximal median nerve conduction velocity, which correlates with CTS severity. This suggests retrograde degeneration may contribute to CTS pathology, challenging the traditional view of CTS as a purely distal compression disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241306863"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph Theoretical Measures for Alzheimer's, MCI, and Normal Controls: A Comparative Study Using MRI Data.","authors":"Rakhi Sharma, Shiv Dutt Joshi","doi":"10.1177/09727531231186503","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531231186503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Graph theory provides the platform that could be used to model complex brain networks mathematically, and it could play a significant role in the diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The main aim of our study is to perform a comparative analysis in terms of various graph theoretic measures of structural brain networks. In particular, the paper evaluates graph theoretical measures by first forming graphs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this paper, we study and evaluate graph theoretical measures using MRI data, namely characteristic path length, global efficiency, strength, and clustering coefficient, in a cohort of normal controls (<i>N</i> = 30), a cohort of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (<i>N</i> = 30), and a cohort of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (<i>N</i> = 30). In our work, MRI data is preprocessed and cortical thickness is extracted for each brain region. The connectivity matrix is obtained, and thus a graph is formed. We have also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC analyses of all graph theoretical measures to better elucidate and validate the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It is observed that these measures may be used to differentiate Alzheimer's from normal. In our study, we observed that a very random and disrupted network is obtained in the case of Alzheimer's in comparison with the normal and MCI cases. The other observations in terms of graph theoretic measures are an increase in characteristic path length, a decrease in global efficiency, a decrease in strength, and a reduction in values of the clustering coefficient in the case of Alzheimer's.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that graph theoretical measures and alterations in network topology could be used as quantitative biomarkers of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45032809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myasthenia Gravis as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: More Than a Coincidence?","authors":"Sujin Koshy, Reji Thomas, Vijayalekshmi S, Jeethu Thampi","doi":"10.1177/09727531241306852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241306852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease primarily caused by autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction. However, extrathymic malignancies need to be considered in the elderly population.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although thymic malignancy is the most common tumour association, several extrathymic malignancies complicated with myasthenia gravis have been reported. During the review of the literature, there are only a few reports of myasthenia occurring as a paraneoplastic manifestation of renal cell carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a 64-year-old elderly gentleman with progressive weakness. The patient underwent routine blood investigations, AChR antibody testing repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST), contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and radical nephrectomy with histopathological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient improved significantly with immune modulatory therapies and underwent surgical intervention. He also later started on adjuvant chemotherapy based on histopathological reports and analysis. This case highlights the need for evaluation of extrathymic malignancy in late-onset myasthenia gravis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case highlights the need for screening for extrathymic malignancies in patients presenting with late-onset myasthenia gravis, which had good outcomes if identified early initiation of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonising Infertility and Mental Health: Why it Matters?","authors":"Priyanka Choudhary, Pooja Dogra, Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09727531251316959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531251316959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Paramdeep Singh, Jawahar Singh, Sameer Peer, Manav Jindal, Sunil Khokhar, Abhilash Ludhiadch, Anjana Munshi","doi":"10.1177/09727531231191889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531231191889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has a potential to unearth the putative neuronal underpinnings of various disorders of the brain. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as a disorder arising from alterations in functional networks of the brain.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is paucity of literature on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) in MDD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the differences in Rs-fMRI connectivity between MDD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective single institute-based study, the patients were recruited consecutively based on Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Age and gender matched HC were also recruited. Rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI images were acquired for all the subjects (MDD and HC group) and subsequent analysis was done using the CONN toolbox.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 49 subjects were included in the final analysis (MDD = 28 patients, HC = 21). HAM-D score was noted to be 24.4 ± 4.8 in the MDD group. There was no significant difference between MDD and HC groups as far as age, gender, employment status, and level of education is concerned. Region-of-interest-based analysis of Rs-fMRI data showed a significantly lower connectivity between the left insula and left nucleus accumbens and between left paracingulate gyrus and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri in MDD group as compared to HC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is reduced connectivity between certain key regions of the brain in MDD patients, that is, between the left insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens and between the left paracingulate gyrus and the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings could explain the basis of clinical features of MDD such as anhedonia, rumination of thoughts, reduced visuo-spatial comprehension, reduced language function, and response to external stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Anjali Sahai, Khyati Saxena","doi":"10.1177/09727531241301878","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531241301878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative brain disease characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor disabilities, including dystonia and dyskinesia, cause speech and movement difficulties and limit many aspects of life. Factors affecting PD refer to the various internal and external conditions that contribute to the onset, severity and progression of the disease. These factors can be broadly categorised into genetic, environmental and lifestyle-related factors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The primary objective of this prospective cohort study is to investigate the association between environmental exposures and genetic predisposition and the risk of developing PD. Secondary objectives include examining the relationships between these factors and clinical outcomes in PD, such as disease severity and progression. We have utilised the data from other research studies, which primarily involve recruiting a cohort of individuals at high risk for PD based on their family history and/or environmental exposure history. These research studies also include participants who will undergo clinical evaluations, including neurological examinations and cognitive assessments, and provide biospecimens for genetic analysis. Environmental exposure histories will be obtained through questionnaires and medical records fetched by the authors of these research studies. In all these studies, participants were followed up regularly over several years to monitor the development of PD and to assess disease progression.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>This study provided valuable insights into the role of environmental exposures and genetic predisposition in the development and progression of PD. The results of this study may inform strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of PD in high-risk individuals, as well as guide the development of targeted interventions for those already diagnosed with the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531241301878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}