Annals of Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Single Session Solution Focused Circle Technique on Working Memory, Hope and Psychological Well-being Among Individuals with Depression: A Controlled Study.","authors":"Soniya Vats, Mohamed Muqethar Pullat, Ashwani Pundeer, Asha Srivastava, Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09727531261476866","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261476866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a common mental health condition that is often misunderstood, leading to delays in early intervention. It can impair working memory, reduce hope, and negatively affect psychological well-being. Although Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an effective first-line treatment, its structured and cognitively demanding approach may reduce treatment adherence in the Indian context. Therefore, there is a need for brief and accessible early interventions. The present study examined the effectiveness of a single-session Solution-Focused Circle Technique, derived from Solution-Focused Therapy, for the preliminary management of depression.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study investigated the effectiveness of single session Solution-Focused Circle Technique on working memory, hope, and psychological well-being among individuals with depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study adopted a controlled pretest-posttest design with 40 participants aged 25-45 years, diagnosed with mild to moderate depression as per ICD-10 DCR criteria, selected through purposive sampling. Participants were systematically allocated equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 30-minute single session of Solution-Focused Circle Technique, while the control group underwent a 30-minute waiting period. BDI-II, Digit Span Test, Adult Hope Scale, and Psychological Wellbeing Scale were used, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent and paired-sample t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental group showed significant improvement in working memory, hope, and psychological well-being compared with the control group. Findings suggest that the Solution- Focused Circle Technique may help enhance working memory and reduce cognitive difficulties associated with depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated the use of solution focused circle technique to enhance cognitive function, boost hope, and improve overall well-being in individuals with depression. Thus, SFCT may serve as a brief and feasible preliminary intervention to support psychological health in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261476866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Restoration: Psychological Health Impact of Prosthodontic Rehabilitation in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors.","authors":"Sudhir Bhandari, Bhavita Wadhwa, Manisha Khanna","doi":"10.1177/09727531261479059","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261479059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261479059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding of Nocturnal Fasting and Health: Possible Role of Zeitgebers and Melatonin.","authors":"Navita Aggarwal, Dipti Magan, Tarun Kumar Sharma, Raj Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1177/09727531261473463","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261473463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In today's digital era, studies have shown that fasting is an important physiological intervention for weight loss, exerting beneficial effects on physical and mental health, as well as cognitive performance. However, until now, few theoretical frameworks for nocturnal fasting have been proposed and are still not completely elucidated.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Based on previous studies' observations, the present authors have proposed a hypothesis-based conceptual model of nocturnal fasting to illustrate how a simple psychophysiological framework facilitates an understanding of the neurophysiology involved in maintaining a healthy homeostatic life. Additionally, this model will help nutritionists, clinicians and researchers to incorporate z<i>eitgebers</i> (light-dark cues) and <i>meal timing</i>, an important dynamic tool for managing a healthy body and brain.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>From the present model, <i>zeitgebers</i> and <i>meal times</i> could be valuable public health tools for healthy metabolic signatures. Further, they may be used as chronotherapeutic interventions for preventing chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261473463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABA as an Overlooked Mediator of Metformin Action: GABA-mediated Neuropsychiatric and Hepatoprotective Activities of Metformin.","authors":"Yaschilal Muche Belayneh","doi":"10.1177/09727531261470255","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261470255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to treatment guidelines, metformin is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes. The neuropsychiatric and hepatoprotective activities of metformin, mediated by modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling pathways, have recently attracted the attention of researchers.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The objective of this narrative review is to compile the most recent data from original research on the GABA-mediated effects of metformin in a range of disorders. Original articles were searched from various electronic databases using relevant search terms. According to animal studies on rodent models of anxiety, metformin increases the intracellular level of AMP-activated protein kinase and GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, resulting in anxiolytic effects. Similarly, metformin increased the levels of GABA and lowered the levels of glutamate in the hippocampus of diabetic epileptic rats. This action was associated with reduced neuroinflammation and apoptosis and improved cognitive function and seizure outcomes. Additionally, an open-label clinical trial with people who have Fragile X syndrome demonstrated that metformin is potentially an effective treatment, and it might improve GABA-mediated inhibition of the cortex as a mechanism. Moreover, beyond the neuropsychiatric action in the central nervous system, metformin reduced ferroptosis in a mouse model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, with GABA identified as a key microbiota-derived metabolite involved in hepatoprotection.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Animal and human studies showed that GABAergic signalling pathways are involved in neuropsychiatric and hepatoprotective activities of metformin. However, the available literature is still fragmented and mainly based on animal studies, suggesting the need for more detailed mechanistic studies and human studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261470255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Digital Behaviours on Mental Health: Tools and Intervention for Gen Z.","authors":"Krishan Kumar, Vijendra Nath Pathak","doi":"10.1177/09727531261472987","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261472987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital technology is part of Generation Z's existence in India. However, their use of technology raises questions concerning mental health, sleep quality, mindfulness, and dysfunctional personality traits.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the impact of excessive digital behavior on depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, mindfulness, and dark triad traits and assessed the effectiveness of a structured digital detox intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental design was applied. The participants consisted of 200 students (age 18-21) from Vadodara, Gujarat, recruited using simple random sampling. Standardized questionnaires (DASS-21, PSQI, MAAS, and SD3) were used, and participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were assessed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent samples t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed high screen time and an impact of excessive digital use on emotional distress and poor sleep quality. An effect was found between increased digital media use and intense anxiety, depression, stress, dark triad-related behavior, and decreased mindfulness. Mindfulness is a protective factor that reduces negative influences and improves well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings following the intervention suggest an improved psychological state, as indicated by better well-being, sleep quality, and mindfulness levels compared to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261472987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism as a Predictor of Employee Engagement in the Media Industry: An Empirical Study.","authors":"Esha Jainiti, Bhavana Adhikari, Udaya Narayana Singh, Ritu Singh, Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani","doi":"10.1177/09727531261473003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531261473003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Employee engagement is a critical determinant of productivity and performance in media organisations, which operate under unique pressures of round-the-clock functioning and rapid digitalisation. Optimism, as a psychological resource, has been shown to foster resilience, coping and proactive behaviour, yet its relationship with engagement in the Indian media sector remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study-which was based in media organisations in Delhi-National Capital Region-investigated whether optimism predicts employee engagement in media organisations and identified the contribution of each dimension of PEROMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationship network, meaningfulness, achievement) to engagement outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 350 media professionals using two standardised instruments: the Optimism Index (OI), consisting of positive emotions, engagement, relationship network, meaningfulness and achievement; this was measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The other instrument used was the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, assessing vigour, dedication and absorption, which was measured on a 7-point scale. Data were analysed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to establish factor structure, followed by structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimism was significantly associated with employee engagement, with a standardised regression weight of 0.911, indicating that 91% of the variance in employee engagement is explained by optimism. Engagement was significantly predicted by all five components of PEROMA, of which achievement had the greatest impact or influence (84.9%), followed by engagement (60.4%), positive emotions (67.6%), relationship network (72.1%) and meaningfulness (65.8%). Internal consistency reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.953.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Indian media sector, optimism is a significant predictor of employee engagement. Given the cross-sectional design, causal direction cannot be established, and longitudinal research is needed to confirm these pathways. Media organisations should design targeted interventions to strengthen optimism as a diagnostic and developmental tool. The OI scale has validated diagnostic reliability in this context. This relationship can be tested in other sectors and in different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261473003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroinflammation, HPA Axis Dysregulation, Cytokine Activity and Nutritional Modulation in Depression: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic Review.","authors":"Saranya Ts, Şebnem Yücel, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Recep Yücel, Sumitra Dutta","doi":"10.1177/09727531261444529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531261444529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disorder involving interconnected neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, metabolic and gut-brain mechanisms rather than isolated neurotransmitter abnormalities. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of cytokine activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and gut microbiota collectively contribute to depressive pathophysiology. This review aimed to synthesise current evidence on these biological interactions and evaluate the potential role of nutritional modulation in influencing these pathways.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A PRISMA-informed systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Thirty-five eligible studies were included. The evidence demonstrates a self-reinforcing biological network in which chronic stress activates the HPA axis, leading to glucocorticoid receptor resistance, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis. These interconnected mechanisms contribute to depressive symptoms and may perpetuate disease progression. Nutritional interventions, including Mediterranean dietary patterns, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, probiotics, polyphenols and selected micronutrients, consistently showed potential to reduce inflammation, regulate HPA axis activity, improve gut microbial balance and mitigate oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Depression should be conceptualised as a complex multisystem disorder driven by dynamic interactions among immune, endocrine, metabolic and microbiota-related pathways. Nutritional modulation represents a promising adjunctive strategy capable of targeting these interconnected biological mechanisms. Future longitudinal and interventional studies integrating multi-omics approaches are needed to validate causal pathways and develop personalised nutrition-based interventions for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261444529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging in Addiction: Principles of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Its Emerging Role in De-addiction: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Medala Kalpana, Maheshkumar K, Madhusudhan Umesh, Vidya Ganji, Archana Gaur, Anish Singhal, Madhuri Taranikanti, Nitin Ashok John, Naveen Ravi, Vidya Singaravelu","doi":"10.1177/09727531261460949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531261460949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a major global health challenge with high relapse rates. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive, portable modality enabling real-time monitoring of cortical haemodynamic changes, is well suited to studying addiction neurobiology in ecologically valid settings. This review examines fNIRS principles and applications in addiction research and de-addiction therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (2000-2025) using terms including fNIRS, addiction, substance use disorder, prefrontal cortex, neurofeedback and de-addiction. fNIRS reliably detects altered prefrontal cortex (PFC) haemodynamic responses during cue-reactivity and cognitive tasks in addiction. Findings include reduced dorsolateral PFC activation with prolonged abstinence, differential orbitofrontal cortex activation across substances, and use as a treatment-response biomarker. Emerging applications include neurofeedback and machine-learning-based classification. fNIRS offers portability and ecological validity over conventional neuroimaging. Future research should standardise protocols, validate biomarkers in multicentre trials, and integrate fNIRS with EEG and fMRI.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>fNIRS is a portable, non-invasive tool that reliably detects altered prefrontal cortex activation in substance use disorders. Cue-reactivity and cognitive paradigms identify biomarkers of craving, executive dysfunction and relapse risk. fNIRS-based neurofeedback shows early promise for improving self-regulation and reducing relapse. Wearable fNIRS with machine learning and multimodal integration enables personalised addiction monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261460949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Impairment in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with Inflammatory and Vascular Markers.","authors":"Srijan Soni, Subhash Chandra Bj, Shivananda Manohar, Pradeep Kumar P C","doi":"10.1177/09727531261470967","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261470967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with metabolic, vascular and cognitive complications. Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasingly recognised in T2DM, its relationship with inflammatory and vascular markers remains underexplored in India.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and cognitive status in individuals with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 117 adults aged 40-65 years with T2DM of at least 5 years' duration, recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru. Cognitive function was assessed using the Saint Louis University Mental Status Scale. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and vascular parameters, including hs-CRP and CIMT, were measured. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MCI was present in 47.9% of participants. Education level was significantly associated with cognitive status (<i>p</i> = .001). Participants with MCI exhibited higher hs-CRP levels (<i>p</i> = .007) and greater CIMT (<i>p</i> = .001) compared to those with normal cognition. Correlation analyses demonstrated negative associations between SLUMS scores, hs-CRP and CIMT. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated fair predictive value for hs-CRP (AUC = 0.64) and CIMT (AUC = 0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower educational attainment, higher hs-CRP levels and greater CIMT were associated with MCI among individuals with T2DM. These findings suggest that inflammatory and vascular markers may be useful in identifying individuals at greater risk of cognitive impairment. However, longitudinal studies are required to determine temporal and causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261470967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus Coeruleus as a Master Regulator of Diverse Functions in the Central Nervous System: Its Relevance in Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"Ahana Bhattacharya, Ravi Manjithaya, Yasha Chickabasaviah, Phalguni Anand Alladi","doi":"10.1177/09727531261462296","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261462296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is a rod-shaped, cylindrical, deeply pigmented neuromelanin (NM)-rich cluster of noradrenergic cells placed bilaterally in the dorsolateral tegmentum of the pons. The main neurotransmitter synthesised by these neurons is norepinephrine (NE), which polymerises to NM. Collectively, it regulates a plethora of activities, including vigilance, synaptic plasticity, memory processing, pain, stress responses, selective attention, cognition, sleep, emotion, capillary wall permeability and cerebral blood flow, thereby holding a 'master key' to several processes. Despite being small in dimensions, it is of enormous significance in diverse functions. Degeneration of the LC occurs early and progressively in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), with diverse impacts, and is linked to neuropsychiatric entities such as depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia and rapid eye movement sleep disorders, thereby raising considerable interest in normal physiology as well as in disease.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review is to better understand the neuroanatomical connections of human LC (master regulator of the central nervous system), pigmentation, cellular types, neurotransmitters/co-transmitters, and its role in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent and relevant classical research and review articles were referred to from PubMed to prepare a short review of the structure of LC, its projections, NM pigment and neuroprotection. We further examined the details of its cell types, neurotransmitters, co-transmitter functions and its effects in ageing, AD and PD, with emphasis on human studies.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>LC is a vital region that offers neuroprotection, assists in the maintenance of cognitive reserve and enhances resilience and neuronal survival, despite the presence of AD and PD pathology for several decades. Further, it synthesises NE and co-transmitters that regulate attention, sleep-wake cycle, mood, cognition and so on. Maintaining its integrity and function promises potential scope to promote its health with normal ageing and improve clinical strategies in patients with neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261462296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}