Samrat Saha, Atul Chaudhary, Alicja Domaracka, Patrick Rousseau, Sylvain Maclot, Sumit Srivastav, Jaroslav Kočišek, Lisa McElwee-White, Juraj Fedor, Pamir Nag
{"title":"Ion-induced fragmentation of the FIBID precursor iron tetracarbonyl acrolein","authors":"Samrat Saha, Atul Chaudhary, Alicja Domaracka, Patrick Rousseau, Sylvain Maclot, Sumit Srivastav, Jaroslav Kočišek, Lisa McElwee-White, Juraj Fedor, Pamir Nag","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01173-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01173-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID) relies on controlled ion-matter interactions, but the fundamental dissociation pathways of many potential precursor molecules remain largely unexplored. In this work, we investigate the ion-induced fragmentation of the FEBID/FIBID-relevant precursor Fe(CO)<span>(_4)</span>(acrolein) in the gas phase. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we measure the fragmentation patterns resulting from collisions with He<span>(^+)</span> (16 keV), Ne<span>(^+)</span> (6 keV), and Ne<span>(^{4+})</span> (40 keV) projectiles, covering interaction regimes from predominantly electronic stopping to higher nuclear stopping contributions. The results reveal pronounced dissociation of the ligand framework and substantial loss of functional groups, consistent with efficient energy redistribution within the metal-carbonyl core. Ne<span>(^+)</span> is identified as a particularly efficient projectile for inducing molecular decomposition. The data provide new insight into the stability, energy-dissipation pathways, and FIBID-relevant behaviour of Fe(CO)<span>(_4)</span>(acrolein), offering a basis for understanding its decomposition mechanisms and comparison to other iron precursors.</p><p>Schematic representation of focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID) and mass spectrometric analysis. </p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01173-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bound state properties, hyperfine structure, field shifts and vacuum polarization in the bound (1 s_{mu } n s_{e})-states of the helium-muonic atoms","authors":"Alexei M. Frolov","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01192-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01192-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hyperfine structure splittings in the bound <span>(1 s_{mu } n s_{e})</span> states (where <i>n</i> = 1, 2, 3) in the helium-muonic <span>({}^{3})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> and <span>({}^{4})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> atoms are determined to high numerical accuracy. Corrections on the finite nuclear size are also investigated and evaluated numerically for these helium-muonic atoms. We also analyze the lowest-order correction on vacuum polarization, which is often called the Uehling correction, for the bound <span>(1 s_{mu } n s_{e})</span> states in both the helium-muonic <span>({}^{3})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> and <span>({}^{4})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> atoms. Rotationally excited, bound states with <span>(L = 1)</span> and <span>(L = 2)</span> in the helium-muonic <span>({}^{3})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> and <span>({}^{4})</span>He <span>(mu ; e)</span> atoms are briefly discussed. It is also shown that the four-body, negatively charged, two-electron <span>({}^{3})</span>He <span>(mu ; e_{2})</span> and <span>({}^{4})</span>He <span>(mu ; e_{2})</span> ions have no actual ‘atomic’ hyperfine structure.</p><p>The ordinary, second-order differential equation for the Uehling potentia</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabeth Rickert, Jessica Warbinek, Premaditya Chhetri, Sebastian Raeder, Brankica Andelić, Julian Auler, Michael Block, Pierre Chauveau, Bradley Cheal, Arno Claessens, Antoine de Roubin, Charlie Devlin, Sven Efinger, Julia Even, Rafael Ferrer, Francesca Giacoppo, Thomas Goigoux, Manuel J. Gutiérrez, Fritz-Peter Heßberger, Fedor Ivandikov, Magdalena Kaja, Oliver Kaleja, Tom Kieck, EunKang Kim, Sandro Kraemer, Mustapha Laatiaou, Jeremy Lantis, Werner Lauth, Nathalie Lecesne, Andrew Mistry, Iain Moore, Tobias Murböck, Danny Münzberg, Steven Nothhelfer, Andrea Raggio, Emmanuel Rey-Herme, Jekabs Romans, Elisa Romero-Romero, Hervé Savjols, Jonas Schneider, Matou Stemmler, Barbara Sulignano, Piet Van Duppen, Marine Vandebrouck, Matthias Verlinde, Elise Verstraelen, Thomas Walther, Klaus Wendt
{"title":"Progress toward identifying atomic transitions in lawrencium","authors":"Elisabeth Rickert, Jessica Warbinek, Premaditya Chhetri, Sebastian Raeder, Brankica Andelić, Julian Auler, Michael Block, Pierre Chauveau, Bradley Cheal, Arno Claessens, Antoine de Roubin, Charlie Devlin, Sven Efinger, Julia Even, Rafael Ferrer, Francesca Giacoppo, Thomas Goigoux, Manuel J. Gutiérrez, Fritz-Peter Heßberger, Fedor Ivandikov, Magdalena Kaja, Oliver Kaleja, Tom Kieck, EunKang Kim, Sandro Kraemer, Mustapha Laatiaou, Jeremy Lantis, Werner Lauth, Nathalie Lecesne, Andrew Mistry, Iain Moore, Tobias Murböck, Danny Münzberg, Steven Nothhelfer, Andrea Raggio, Emmanuel Rey-Herme, Jekabs Romans, Elisa Romero-Romero, Hervé Savjols, Jonas Schneider, Matou Stemmler, Barbara Sulignano, Piet Van Duppen, Marine Vandebrouck, Matthias Verlinde, Elise Verstraelen, Thomas Walther, Klaus Wendt","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01198-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01198-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, significant efforts have been made to investigate the atomic structure of lawrencium (Lr, <span>(Z=103)</span>)—the heaviest actinide element—using laser spectroscopy. This article presents the current status of the experimental search for atomic transitions in lawrencium at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, along with the necessary developments toward achieving laser spectroscopy of this element. We have advanced the method of radiation-detected resonance ionization spectroscopy (RADRIS), which has previously enabled the first laser spectroscopic studies of nobelium. We have conducted essential preparatory studies, demonstrating that lawrencium can be efficiently evaporated from hafnium filaments. Using two-step laser resonance ionization, we scanned a spectral range of approximately 800 cm<span>(^{-1})</span> around each of two different, theoretically predicted strong atomic transitions. Based on the measured background and the determined system efficiency, we demonstrate that our experimental setup is sensitive enough to detect these atomic transitions, albeit no atomic transitions have been observed to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01198-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the DWBA and IAM methods in calculating electron-impact ionization TDCS: a study of pyrimidine and thymine molecules","authors":"D. Buljubasic, P. K. Kariuki, J. Okumu","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01193-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01193-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for electron impact ionization of the pyrimidine and thymine molecules were calculated using distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) and independent-atom model (IAM). Calculations were performed for an incident electron energy of 250 eV, ejected electron energy of 20 eV, and scattering angles of 10 deg and 15 deg. The results demonstrated good qualitative agreement with available experimental data, particularly in predicting the binary peak. However, recoil peaks at lower scattering angles were overestimated due to inherent limitations in the applied models. These findings underscore the applicability of DWBA and IAM in the study of electron impact ionization of complex molecular targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectral lines and radiative properties of sulfur-like krypton (Kr20+) for high-precision frequency-standard applications","authors":"A. A. El-Maaref","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01203-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01203-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomic structure calculations for sulfur-like krypton (Kr<sup>20+</sup>), including energy levels, oscillator strengths, and radiative transition rates, are presented. The calculations were performed using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) approach with extensive configuration interaction (CI). Independent calculations using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) were carried out to validate the present results. The energies obtained from the two approaches, as well as transition probabilities, show good agreement within the estimated uncertainty. The accuracy of the present data was further assessed by comparison with available values from the NIST database and previous theoretical studies. The estimated uncertainties in the energy levels are below ~ 1%, while the relative deviation in the transition probabilities is smaller than ~ 10% for most transitions. This level of agreement is acceptable for complex highly charged ions involving strong configuration interaction and weak transition cancelation effects. The present atomic data are considered reliable for spectroscopic applications, particularly in high-temperature plasma diagnostics and accurate spectral line identification.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Line intensity (oscillator strength) vs wavelength of S-like krypton</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Sheng, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, You Li, Yuwei Sun, Xun Zhou, Xiang Tu, Kaiyin Peng, Yu Zhong, Yong Yang, Zhifang Lin, Nengchao Wang, Yonghua Ding, the J-TEXT Team
{"title":"Generation and dissipation of runaway electron in ECR-heated plasmas on J-TEXT tokamak","authors":"Yuan Sheng, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, You Li, Yuwei Sun, Xun Zhou, Xiang Tu, Kaiyin Peng, Yu Zhong, Yong Yang, Zhifang Lin, Nengchao Wang, Yonghua Ding, the J-TEXT Team","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01190-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01190-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale tokamaks like ITER face a significant challenge from runaway electron (RE) generation during major disruptions. Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) can suppress RE generation, but can also enhance RE formation during disruptions. Given that ECRH enhances RE generation, it is crucial to assess whether subsequent mitigation techniques such as shattered pellet injection (SPI) with impurities like neon remain effective under these heated conditions. Pure neon injection could increase the RE current dissipation through pitch-angle scattering due to collisions with impurity ions. This study on J‑TEXT examines RE plateau formation triggered by argon massive gas injection and its dissipation by neon SPI, aiming to clarify the impact of on‑axis ECRH on disruption and dissipation dynamics. The results show that ECRH increases the runaway current conversion rate based on the hot-tail mechanism. Without ECRH, Ne SPI is able to dissipate the runaway current. When the influence of ECRH is considered, the dissipation rate of Ne SPI further decreased, and this effect becomes more pronounced as the ECRH power increases.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>In the case of a disruption occurring after the injection of ECRH power, the dissipation of the resulting runaway current is affected: the dissipation rate decreases, leading to a soft-landing phenomenon. Moreover, the reduction in the dissipation rate enhances with increasing ECRH power.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-harmonic generation simulations as a classical barrier-traversal diagnostic in strong-field ionization","authors":"Amol R. Holkundkar","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01204-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01204-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explore high-harmonic generation (HHG) as a complementary diagnostic tool for an effective classical barrier-traversal time in strong-field ionization. Combining time-frequency analysis of HHG spectra from full time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) simulations with classical three-step-model (TSM) trajectories, we extract a model-dependent classical barrier-traversal time <span>(tau _d)</span> associated with electron motion through the laser-suppressed Coulomb barrier in the quasi-static (adiabatic) approximation. The study encompasses Hydrogen, Helium, and Argon atoms across a range of laser wavelengths and peak intensities deep in the tunneling regime. The extracted time scale shows systematic dependence on the instantaneous field strength and barrier width at the TDSE-derived ionization instant, following the expected <span>(tau _d propto 1/sqrt{I_0})</span> scaling in agreement with Keldysh-Rutherford-type models and attoclock trends. When expressed in terms of the Keldysh parameter, the results collapse onto an approximately common curve across atomic species. While HHG does not yield a direct chronoscopic measurement of quantum tunneling time, the approach provides a robust, internally consistent classical diagnostic of tunneling-related dynamics, offering an independent perspective complementary to established attoclock techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Rossignol, Tangui Aladjidi, Myrann Baker-Rasooli, Quentin Glorieux
{"title":"Machine learning approach to single-shot multiparameter estimation for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation","authors":"Louis Rossignol, Tangui Aladjidi, Myrann Baker-Rasooli, Quentin Glorieux","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01183-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01183-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is a fundamental model to describe wave dynamics in nonlinear media ranging from optical fibers to Bose–Einstein condensates. Accurately estimating its parameters (often strongly correlated) from a single measurement remains a significant challenge. We address this problem by treating parameter estimation as an inverse problem and training a neural network to invert the NLSE mapping. We combine a fast numerical solver with a machine learning approach based on the ConvNeXt architecture and a modified multivariate Gaussian negative log-likelihood loss function. From single-shot field (density and phase) images, our model estimates three key parameters: the nonlinear coefficient <span>(n_2)</span>, the saturation intensity <span>(I_{{textbf {sat}}})</span>, and the linear absorption coefficient <span>(alpha )</span>. Trained on 100,000 simulated images, validated on 12,500 unseen data, the model achieves a mean absolute error of 1.81 % on other 12,500 unseen test samples, demonstrating strong generalization and close agreement with ground truth values. This approach provides an efficient route for characterizing nonlinear systems and has the potential to bridge theoretical modeling and experimental data when realistic noise is incorporated.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stationary and transient profiles of high-energy ions in normalized space for evolving ion swarms","authors":"D. Bošnjaković, Z. M. Raspopović, Ž. D. Nikitović","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01196-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01196-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study ion swarms drifting through neutral gases under homogeneous electric fields, showing pronounced spatial nonequilibrium even after global transport coefficients reach steady-state values. Collisional cooling develops at the swarm’s leading edge, while electric-field-driven heating occurs in the trailing region; both effects gradually diminish over time. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to analyze these dynamics, with emphasis on spatially-resolved transport properties. One- and two-dimensional distributions of high-kinetic-energy ions, which are highly reactive, reveal their spatio-temporal evolution. Due to collisions, the maximum of the probability density for high-kinetic-energy ions gradually shifts from the leading edge toward the swarm’s center of mass, despite increasing potential differences. In space normalized by the standard deviation of the ion distribution, the local distribution converges to a stationary Gaussian profile. High-kinetic-energy ions concentrate near the swarm center and are largely absent at the leading edge. Spatially-resolved distributions uncover transient phenomena not fully captured in one-dimensional profiles, including collision-induced heating near the source and thermalization at the tail. Two-dimensional analysis is used to obtain and investigate the full spatial structure of tail thermalization.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Figure A presents the transient spatially-resolved profile of the probability density of finding ‘energetic’ ions in the swarm. The horizontal axis z, corresponding to the direction of the electric field, is normalized by the standard deviation of the ion distribution σ. As the swarm accelerates under the action of the electric field, the maximum of the probability density shifts toward the leading edge of the swarm. Due to collisions, the maximum of the probability density shifts toward swarm interior after the drift velocity reaches its steady-state value. In the later collision-dominated stage, the probability density for finding energetic ions approaches a stationary Gaussian in the normalized space. Figure A. Spatially-resolved profiles of the probability density of finding energetic ions during the swarm evolution in normalized space.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Spatially-resolved profiles of the probability density of finding energetic ions along the electric field direction in normalized space during the swarm evolution</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studying magnetic circular vortex dichroism effect for photoionization of Rydberg atoms with vortex photons","authors":"Pengcheng Zhao","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01195-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01195-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rydberg atoms, renowned for their exceptional quantum properties, hold significant importance in quantum physics. The photoionization of Rydberg atoms serves as a critical tool for probing their unique characteristics. In this work, we investigate the photoionization dynamics of hydrogen-like Rydberg alkali atoms interacting with vortex photons—a class of structured light carrying intrinsic orbital angular momentum. This process gives rise to novel quantum phenomena distinct from conventional photoionization processes. Our results show that vortex photons carrying very small total angular momentum (typically zero or minus one) exhibit sensitivity to the magnetic moments of Rydberg atoms, especially those in circular Rydberg states, thereby establishing them as a possible spectroscopic probe of Rydberg magnetism. It is further shown that the initial photon energy plays a crucial role in obtaining significant experimental results, as a strong dichroism effect requires larger initial photon energy. Furthermore, the photoionization process displays strong angular momentum selectivity, preferentially favoring configurations where the photon total angular momentum and atomic magnetic moment are aligned. This pronounced asymmetry directly manifests the chiral nature of the vortex photon–Rydberg atom collisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}