Animal Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Slow freezing and 3D <i>in vitro</i> culture of prepubertal goat testes after short-term conservation.","authors":"Francisco Denilson Rodrigues Gomes, Lucy Vanessa Sulca Ñaupas, Gaby Judith Quispe Palomino, Rensson Homero Céliz Ygnácio, Naiza Arcângela Ribeiro de Sá, Anna Clara Accioly Ferreira, Marco Aurélio Schiavo Novaes, Gustavo Bezerra Nobre do Vale, Bruna Novaes Costa, Carolina Madeira Lucci, César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes, Davide Rondina, Alexandre Rodrigues Silva, José Ricardo de Figueiredo, Gildas Mbemya Tetaping, Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0139","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study This study aimed to evaluate two conservation times (2h vs 6h) at 4 ºC of prepubertal goat testicles for subsequent slow freezing and 3D in vitro culture. Testicular fragments from six animals were preserved at 4 ºC for 2 or 6 h. After 2 or 6 h of conservation, the fragments were randomly fixed, constituting the control (CTR2; CTR6), cultured in vitro (IVC2; IVC6), frozen (SFZ2; SFZ6), or frozen and cultured in vitro (SFZIVC2; SFZIVC6). All fragments were analyzed by classical histology (morphology), immunohistochemistry (PCNA), immunofluorescence (β-catenin), PCRq-RT (Oct4, C- kit, Bax, Bcl-2), transmission (TEM), and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, respectively. The histomorphological data showed that regardless of the conservation time, whether followed by cryopreservation or not, epithelial (Ealt) and nuclear (Nalt) alterations increased after 48 h of IVC (p<0.05). Immunostaining for β-catenin was lower (p < 0.05) in SFZIVC2 and SFZIVC6 fragments compared with IVC2 and IVC6, respectively. Oct4 expression in SFZ6 was lower than that in CTR6 (p < 0.05). Conversely, C-kit expression was similar among CTR2, CTR6, SFZ2, and SFZ6 fragments. Bax and Bcl-2 expression were also similar among IVC2, IVC6, SFZIVC2, and SFZIVC6 fragments. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in IVC2 and SFZIVC6 was higher than that observed in CTR2 and SFZ6, respectively. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that controlling the duration of testicular storage at 4 °C before slow freezing and/or in vitro culture directly affects the viability and quality of testicular tissue, thereby influencing the success of reproductive function preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling extender choice modulates the efficacy of freezing extenders for boar sperm cryopreservation.","authors":"Nina Miglioranza Vellozo, Gabriel Augusto Monteiro, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Baldini, Rogério Araújo de Almeida, José Antônio Dell'Aqua, Frederico Ozanam Papa, Daniella Jorge de Moura, Eunice Oba","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0174","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boar semen cryopreservation is limited by high sperm sensitivity, with the cooling extender and holding time representing critical steps. However, the interplay between transport and freezing extenders remains poorly elucidated. This study evaluated the main effects and the interaction between two cooling extender (BTS and BSUI®) and two freezing extenders (TRIS® and BBB®) on post-thaw boar semen quality. Ejaculates from 10 boars were processed in a 2x2 factorial design (BTS/TRIS, BTS/BBB, BSUI/TRIS, BSUI/BBB). Sperm kinetics (CASA) and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were assessed at pre-centrifugation, post-centrifugation, and post-thaw time points. At the post-thaw evaluation, no significant interaction was observed between transport and freezing extenders (P > 0.05), indicating that these factors act independently. Regarding the main effects, the BSUI® cooling extender resulted in superior kinetic performance compared to BTS (P < 0.05). Independently, the TRIS® freezing extender yielded higher motility and membrane integrity than BBB® (P < 0.05). Consequently, the sequential combination of BSUI/TRIS presented the highest absolute kinetic values (Total Motility 63.3%; Progressive Motility 36.1%) due to the cumulative effect of the most efficient extenders. In conclusion, the cooling extender influences post-thaw quality independently of the freezing extender. The BSUI/TRIS sequence optimized post-thaw kinetics through an additive effect. Therefore, protocol optimization should focus on selecting the most efficient extender for each isolated stage of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of peri-conception low dose of a highly gluconeogenic fast-release supplement in a fixed-time insemination program on ovarian and reproductive outcomes in meat goats.","authors":"Caroline Pessoa da Silva, César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes, Alfredo José Herrera Conde, Camila Muniz Cavalcanti, Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira, Saul Gaudencio, Juliana Paula Martins Alves, Dárcio Ítalo Alves Teixeira, Davide Rondina","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0061","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study verified the impact of glycerin supplementation during fixed-time insemination on ovarian and reproductive outcomes in meat goats. Fifty-one Anglo-Nubian crossbred does underwent estrus synchronization with 12 days of CIDR, followed by 0.075 mg of d-cloprostenol and 150 IU of eCG. Thirty-six hours after CIDR removal, 100 μg of GnRH was administered, and 18 h later, insemination (AI) was performed via intrauterine laparoscopy. At CIDR insertion, goats were grouped into the Control Group (n = 25) fed a TMR, and the DGS Group (n = 26), where TMR was supplemented with 100 mL of glycerin from CIDR insertion to two weeks after AI. DGS showed a lower diet intake (-13%; P < 0.001) and higher (+ 5.3%; P = 0.026) glucose levels. In the CIDR interval, DGS pregnant goats (DGSPG), presented in the first wave a higher number of growing follicles (P = 0.035) and greater follicular diameters (P < 0.05). After CIDR removal, the DGSPG exhibited a lesser small follicles (P = 0.016), greater follicle size (P = 0.005), and lower number of corpora lutea (P = 0.031). Pregnancy (32.0% vs. 46.2%) and twinning rates (87.5% vs. 66.7%) were similar in Control and DGS groups (P > 0.05). The control group had a higher proportion of non-pregnant goats that were follicular unresponsive during the CIDR interval (P < 0.01). In pregnant animals, no differences (P > 0.05) were found in fetal biometric measurements, kidding rate, or litter size. Glycerin stimulated follicle growth and CL regression before AI but did not promote reproductive effects post-AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated ultrasonographic, endocrine, seminal, and morphological characterization of cryptorchidism in collared peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i>).","authors":"Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer Attademo, Alana Ingrid de Araújo Pereira, Euziele Oliveira de Santana, Romário Parente Dos Santos, Luana Grasiele Pereira Bezerra, Alexandre Rodrigues Silva, Moacir Franco de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2026-0022","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptorchidism is a congenital reproductive disorder that can compromise fertility and represents a challenge for conservation and management programs in wildlife species. In collared peccary (<i>Pecari tajacu</i>), reports of this condition are rare and generally limited to imaging findings. This study reports a case of unilateral cryptorchidism in an adult male collared peccary, providing an integrated ultrasonographic, biometric, endocrine, seminal, and morphological characterization. Clinical examination revealed the absence of the left testis in the scrotum, with an inguinal mass suggestive of testicular retention, which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic evaluation demonstrated a retained testis with reduced size and homogeneous hypoechoic echotexture, whereas the scrotal testis showed increased volume and discrete echotextural alterations. Testicular biometry revealed marked asymmetry between the testes, with reduced length, width, thickness, and volume of the cryptorchid testis compared with the contralateral scrotal testis, which exhibited hypertrophy. Serum testosterone concentration was markedly elevated (15,940 pg/mL), exceeding reference values for the species. Seminal analysis revealed reduced sperm concentration (380 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/mL) compared to healthy individuals, although motility (74%) and sperm morphology (69% normal cells) remained within ranges compatible with fertility. Reduced mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane functionality suggested potential limitations in functional fertility. Histological evaluation demonstrated preserved architecture and complete spermatogenesis in the scrotal testis, whereas the retained testis exhibited tubular atrophy and absence of advanced stages of spermatogenesis. Despite methodological considerations regarding hormonal assessment, the findings support a compensatory hypertrophic and endocrine response of the scrotal testis in unilateral cryptorchidism. This case expands current knowledge on reproductive pathology in collared peccary and highlights the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches for reproductive health assessment and management in captive wildlife populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20260022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal hydrology and its impact on buffalo artificial insemination strategies in the amazon region of northern Brazil.","authors":"Haroldo Francisco Lobato Ribeiro, Sebastião Tavares Rolim, Satish Kumar, Ana Flavia Bezerra da Silva, Luciana Magalhães Melo, Vicente José de Figueirêdo Freitas, William Gomes Vale","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0062","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to verify how seasonal hydrology affects artificial insemination strategies in northern Brazil to promote better livestock management and ecosystem sustainability. A total of 1780 inseminations were analyzed, including 1590 fixed-time artificial inseminations (FTAI) and 190 conventional artificial inseminations (CAI) (AI in natural estrus without using hormones) conducted over ten years. Of these, 370 inseminations occurred during the flood season (January to May), 700 during the intermediate season (June to September), and 710 during the ebb season (October to January). The estrus synchronization protocols were utilized according the ovarian cyclicity of buffaloes, i.e.: Protocol I (Ovsynch), was used for cycling buffaloes; Protocol II (Ovsynch-P₄); Protocol III (CL-synch), for the buffaloes with a mature corpus luteum (CL); Protocol IV (P₄ + BE) + (PGF_2α + eCG) + GnRH and Protocol V (P₄ + VE) + (PGF_2α + eCG) + BE were implemented for buffaloes in anestrus, with low body condition, or during unfavorable seasons. AI was performed using cryopreserved-thawed semen. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography or rectal palpation between 45 and 90 days after insemination. A higher pregnancy rate was observed for the PI (66.87%) than for II (53.77%), III (52.41%), IV (53.35%) and V (33.17%). Regarding seasons, the overall pregnancy rate (53.14%) for FTAI was significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than CAI (27.4%). During the season of Full tide, Intermediary and Ebb tide, the percentage of pregnancy rate for FTAI vs CAI was 48.28 vs 20.00, 47.77 vs 10.00 and 61.47 vs 41.00, respectively. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher during ebb tide for both FTAI/CAI than in other seasons. In conclusion, seasonal hydrology impacts the outcome of AI strategies in buffaloes in the Amazon region of northern Brazil. A suitable synchronization protocol can enhance buffalo fertility and improve agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spawning of pacu, <i>Piaractus mesopotamicus</i>, at two different times, with a focus on melatonin levels and reproductive performance.","authors":"Rafael Tomoda Sato, Mariana Roza de Abreu, Laíza Maria de Jesus Silva, Cristiane Fernanda Benevente, Sergio Ricardo Batlouni","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin (MTN) plays a direct role in fish ovulation, and we hypothesized that aligning ovulation with an endogenous MTN peak levels could improve reproductive performance. To that, in experiment 1, we assessed circadian variation of plasma MTN in pacu (<i>Piaractus mesopotamicus</i>) females. In experiment 2, pacu females were divided into two groups: one receiving the hypophysation dose at 7 pm (dark onset) and the other at midnight (five hours after dark). Experiment 1 showed that circulating MTN levels increased at 7 pm and remained stable through the dark phase. In experiment 2, no differences in latency or reproductive performance were observed between groups. However, MTN levels at ovulation increased significantly only in the 7 pm group. Strong positive correlations between MTN levels at ovulation and reproductive parameters, such as fertility, hatching rates, and fecundity, were observed. These results confirm that PGF2α and DHP peaks at ovulation are associated with successful ovulation in pacu, consistent with literature that shows that MTN influences ovulation by acting through the Mtnr1a receptor, triggering arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin synthesis. Our findings indicate that the timing of spawning induction influences MTN levels at ovulation, which are positively correlated with reproductive success. This is the first report linking plasma MTN levels at ovulation to successful reproductive performance in fish induced by hypophysation, highlighting the relevance of spawning timing for pacu reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm action of ozonated sunflower oil against bacteria isolated from the uterus of mares susceptible to endometritis.","authors":"Antonio Brito da Silva, Laís Querino Barbosa Freire, Maria Eduarda Pedrosa Leite, Lamartine Rodrigues Martins, Gilvannya Gonçalves de Sobral, Marcelo Mendonça, Elizabete Rodrigues da Silva, Haroldo Vargas Leal, Gustavo Ferrer Carneiro","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0116","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to characterize the antibiofilm action of ozone-enriched sunflower oil (O₃) against pathogens associated with endometritis in mares. Initially, samples from 41 mares with a history of subfertility were stored in BHI broth and 0.9% NaCl solution. The samples underwent microbial culture, identification, and <i>in vitro</i> sensitivity testing at LABRAPE-UFRPE, Brazil. Biofilm production was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Subsequently, biofilm-forming bacteria were subjected to the action of different concentrations of ozonated sunflower oil. Of the 21 isolates tested for biofilm production, 76.2% (16/21) showed positive production, with 43.75% (7/16) being weak producers, 31.25% (5/16) moderate producers, and 25% (4/16) strong producers. After the action of ozonated sunflower oil at a concentration of 203.43 mEq/L, a reduction was observed in the mass of the gram-negative bacilli biofilm, however, no statistical difference was found for the gram-positive cocci biofilm. The results show that ozonated sunflower oil presented satisfactory results in breaking down gram-negative bacteria biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring behavioral outcomes of gonadectomy in pets: a need for personalized approaches.","authors":"Fabiano Borba Guimarães, Renata Oliveira Barreto, Maricy Apparício","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0125","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gonadectomy, the surgical removal of reproductive organs-is commonly practiced in canine management and is often associated with responsible pet ownership. Although advised for preventing unwanted litter and specific health hazards, its effects on canine behavior remain contentious and little studied. This article analyzes the physiological and behavioral effects of gonadectomy in dogs, emphasizing other sexually dimorphic behaviors including mounting, wandering, and urine marking, alongside aggression, fear, anxiety, separation-related issues, and canine cognitive dysfunction. Gonadectomy impacts hormonal equilibrium by modifying the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes, hence affecting stress responses, cognition, and behavior. Certain research indicates that neutering diminishes urine marking and roaming; nevertheless, the results are inconsistent. Conflicting research suggests that gonadectomy may intensify aggression, fearfulness, and anxiety, thus undermining the human-animal bond. The effects of gonadectomy on cognitive impairment remain ambiguous. Alternative methods, including vasectomy, ovary-sparing spay, and chemical castration, provide reproductive regulation while maintaining hormonal function, potentially alleviating negative behavioral consequences. Due to the complex aspects of behavioral development, encompassing heredity, environment, and personal experiences, a general policy on gonadectomy is unsuitable. This review highlights the necessity of personalized assessments when advising gonadectomy for behavioral management in canines. Veterinarians must meticulously evaluate the advantages and disadvantages, considering the unique circumstances of each animal and seeking guidance from veterinary behaviorists, as necessary. Routine desexing should not be universally advocated only for the purpose of mitigating behavioral issues. Additional research is crucial to comprehend the intricate link between gonadectomy and canine behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial gland remodeling and preserved luminal ultrastructure in postpartum cows infused with ozonated sunflower oil.","authors":"Jair Camargo Ferreira, Matheus Dos Santos Oliveira, Cristiane Marisa Piacitelli Prado Ferreira, Maysa Barbosa de Almeida, Heloisa Andrade Rodrigues, Yatta Linhares Boakari, Marcela Aldrovani Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2026-0001","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2026-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postpartum uterine disease is a major cause of impaired bovine reproduction and is usually managed with intrauterine antibiotics. Alternative non‑antibiotic therapy is needed to support uterine health without contributing to antimicrobial resistance. The goal of this study was to characterize histomorphometric and ultrastructural changes of the bovine endometrium after intrauterine infusion of ozonated sunflower oil during early puerperium, and to assess its in vitro antimicrobial activity against uterine bacteria. Eighteen primiparous cows received a single intrauterine treatment with ozonated or non‑ozonated oil (O₃ and non‑O₃ groups; n=9/group) on day 10 postpartum. Endometrial biopsies were collected before and 15 days post-treatment (D0 and D15) for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Uterine cytology was used to evaluate subclinical endometritis. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of the treatments were determined against uterine isolates (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. and <i>Arcanobacterium pyogenes</i>). At D15, the number of endometrial glands was higher in the O₃ group than in the non‑O₃ group (32.6±2.5 vs. 11.0±1.0; <i>P</i><0.01), whereas glandular diameter, luminal area and cell number per gland were lower in O₃ cows (<i>P</i><0.01), indicating enhanced gland proliferation with reduced glandular dilatation. No degenerative histopathological changes, such as periglandular fibrosis or endometrial atrophy, were detected in either group, and scanning electron microscopy showed preserved apical ultrastructure without adverse effects of ozonated oil. Ozonated oil inactivated all uterine bacteria (MIC and MBC ≤0.18 µg mL^‑1), while non‑ozonated oil showed no antimicrobial activity. Both groups showed a marked reduction in neutrophil percentage by D15, but histological evidence of persistent inflammation was more pronounced in non‑O₃ cows. These findings indicate that intrauterine ozonated sunflower oil is a promising non‑antibiotic therapy to support postpartum uterine involution and endometrial recovery in dairy cows and may contribute to improved reproductive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20260001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunolocalization of anti-Mullerian hormone in bovine testes and ovaries during fetal development.","authors":"Vanessa Cunha Brito, Gabriela Santos Cruz, Moisés Moreira Lima, Eduardo Baia de Souza, Anelise de Sarges Ramos, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira, Moysés Dos Santos Miranda, Nathália Nogueira da Costa de Almeida, Marcela da Silva Cordeiro, Simone do Socorro Damasceno Santos","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0088","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) or Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS), produced by the Sertoli cells induces the regression of Mullerian ducts in male embryos. Granulosa cells from ovarian follicle are homologous to Sertoli cells and produce AMH. The aim of this study was the immunolocalization of AMH in the testicles and ovaries of bovine fetuses at different ages. Gonads from bovine fetuses between 4 and 7 months (24-98 CRL) were collected in a local slaughterhouse, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, and processed for conventional histology and embedded in paraffin cut with a rotative microtome, deparaffinized, and subjected to immunohistochemistry using the anti- AMH 1:50 (SC 28912, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, within the sexual cords (developing seminiferous tubules) at all ages and was not observed in gonocytes and interstitial tissue. In the ovary there was light staining in granulosa cells but not in the theca cells, however, intense staining was observed in the cytoplasm of the oocyte of primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles, at all ages analyzed, suggesting that despite being produced by granulosa cells, AMH concentrates in the oocyte cytoplasm. The importance of AMH in sexual differentiation and action in Muller's ducts is well understood, however there are no studies on the role of this protein in gonadal development, this being the first report of AMH immunolocalization in fetal bovine testis and ovaries, requiring further studies on the action and importance of AMH in the gonadal development of bovine fetuses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"23 3","pages":"e20250088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}