Animal Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Sterilization of free-ranging female capybaras (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>): a comparison between two surgical techniques.","authors":"Fabiana Morse Gosson Jorge, Fernanda Battistella Passos-Nunes, Pedro Nacib Jorge-Neto, Flavia Maria Pia Montenegro Donoso, Mariana Passos Nunes, Alexia Gazzola Steiner, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Ana Clara Kohara Roman, Marilú Cristofoli, Mayla Magalhães de Oliveira Alcobaça, Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto, Antonio Chaves de Assis","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0053","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated two surgical sterilization techniques in free-ranging female capybaras (<i>n</i> = 21). The first group underwent uterine horn ligature (HL; <i>n</i> = 11), while the second was subjected to partial salpingectomy (S; <i>n</i> = 10). We assessed total operative time, incision length, the ease of identifying reproductive structures, the adequacy of exposure for surgical performance through flank or midline approaches, and the extent of abdominal viscera manipulation for each method. The HL method emerged as faster, with an average operative time difference of 16 minutes. In the S group, a flank mini-laparotomy over the ovarian topography facilitated easy exposure of the ipsilateral ovary and uterine tube, enabling ligature and partial resection of the uterine tube but not the uterine horn exposure. However, accessing the contralateral uterine tube without a bilateral incision was impractical, thus prolonging the total operative time due to the need for patient repositioning and new antisepsis procedures. Conversely, a post-umbilical approach for the HL method necessitated only one mini-laparotomy incision, offering ample uterine exposure for hysterotomy in pregnant females. Both methods involved minimal abdominal viscera manipulation and resulted in no fatalities or postoperative complications. Although direct comparison is limited by the distinct sterilization techniques and surgical approaches, this study underscores the challenges and surgical access of each method. Our findings endorse the HL technique as an effective contraception method for female capybaras to prevent the birth of seronegative offspring that could amplify <i>Rickettsia</i> sp., the causative agent of Brazilian spotted fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 4","pages":"e20240053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine embryo production <i>in vitro</i>: evolution of culture media and commercial perspectives.","authors":"Rebecca L Krisher, Jason R Herrick","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0051","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In vitro</i> produced embryos exhibit lower viability compared to their <i>in vivo</i> counterparts. Mammalian preimplantation embryos have the ability to reach the blastocyst stage in diverse culture media, showcasing considerable metabolic adaptability, which complicates the identification of optimal developmental conditions. Despite embryos successfully progressing to the blastocyst stage, adaptation to suboptimal culture environments may jeopardize blastocyst viability, cryotolerance, and implantation potential. Enhancing our capacity to support preimplantation embryonic development <i>in vitro</i> requires a deeper understanding of fundamental embryo physiology, including preferred metabolic substrates and pathways utilized by high-quality embryos. Armed with this knowledge, it becomes achievable to optimize culture conditions to support normal, <i>in vivo</i>-like embryo physiology, mitigate adaptive stress, and enhance viability. The objective of this review is to summarize the evolution of culture media for bovine embryos, highlighting significant milestones and remaining challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene editing in livestock: innovations and applications.","authors":"Paula Rodriguez-Villamil, Benjamin Paul Beaton, Rebecca Lynn Krisher","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0054","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene editing technologies have revolutionized the field of livestock breeding, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance animal welfare, productivity, and sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent innovations and applications of gene editing in livestock, exploring the diverse applications of gene editing in livestock breeding, as well as the regulatory and ethical considerations, and the current challenges and prospects of the technology in the industry. Overall, this review underscores the transformative potential of gene editing in livestock breeding and its pivotal role in shaping the future of agriculture and biomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ARFI elastography for detecting active mastitis in sheep with previous fibrous lesions: a study of mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes.","authors":"Yuri da Silva Bonacin, Victor José Correia Santos, Marjury Cristina Maronezi, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Michele Pereira Machado, Beatriz Longo Barbosa, André Marcos Santana, Priscila Del'Aguila-Silva, Paulo Aléscio Canola, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano, José Antônio Marques","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0160","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Acustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes, for detection of active mastitis in sheep with naturally infected chronic fibrous lesions. 27 female sheep were included and B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography images were obtained, acquiring qualitative (echogenicity and echotexture) and quantitative (shear rate, depth and short/long axis ratio) variables of 48 mammary glands. The glands were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG) - healthy animals; LSCC- animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) less than 500 x 10³ cls/mL; HSCC: animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) more than 500 x 10³ cls/mL; The qualitative variables using B-mode ultrasonography, including echotexture and echogenicity, showed no significant differences between the evaluated groups and tissues (p = 0.9336 and p = 0.233, respectively) .In healthy areas of the gland, it was an increasing in shear wave velocity (SWV) in LSCC than in HSCC (p=0.04). When comparing the fibrosis in the LSCC and HSCC groups with their respective normal areas, the velocity increased in both groups: LSCC (p= 0,0007) and HSCC (p= 0,0001). When comparing the areas of fibrosis in LSCC and HSCC with the CG parenchyma, there was an increase in LSCC (p=0.001) and HSCC (p=0.0001). B-mode ultrasound indicate predominance of hypoechoic echogenicity in lymph nodes and reduced short/long axis ratio in cases of active subclinical mastitis. The supramammary lymph node showed increased SWV when comparing the CG with HSCC groups (p=0.02) and GC with LSCC (p=0.04). B-mode ultrasonography is useful for evaluating the mammary parenchyma, however, its application as a standalone diagnostic technique is not recommended. ARFI elastography indicates potential cutoff points for differentiating subclinical mastitis from healed mastitis, highlighting its importance as a tool for distinguishing normal areas from fibrous parenchymal areas. While this study did not establish specific cutoff points due to sample size limitations, further research with larger sample sizes could explore and define these critical thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 4","pages":"e20230160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The path to fertility: Current approaches to mare endometritis and endometrosis.","authors":"Graça Ml Ferreira-Dias, Joana Alpoim-Moreira, Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska, Maria Rosa Rebordão, Dariusz J Skarzynski","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The path to fertility in the mare requires an understanding of the hormonal influences, the immune response, genetics, and epigenetic mechanisms involved not only in physiological reproductive processes, but also such pathologies as endometritis and endometrosis. Endometritis may lead to endometrosis establishment. In the presence of endometritis, neutrophils arrive at the mare endometrium, and form neutrophil extracellular traps. While NETosis plays pivotal roles, prolonged inflammation can lead to chronic endometritis, endometrosis, and fertility issues. Matrix metalloproteinases and epigenetic changes influence the course of endometrosis. Inhibitors of specific enzymes involved in NETosis and epigenetic inhibitors have shown potential in reducing pro-fibrotic effects. Collagen type III (COL3) has emerged as a putative biomarker, correlating with endometrosis and useful in fertility assessment. Thus, COL3 may offer a non-invasive diagnostic tool, as a complement to histopathological methods. Epigenetic modifications and miRNA expressions offer new avenues for therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the importance of understanding the cellular mechanisms at play in mare endometrial fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of puberty <i>vs.</i> induction of ovulation using steroid hormones in beef heifers: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Roberto Sartori, Rodrigo Lemos Olivieri Rodrigues Alves, Ana Luíza Müller Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review elucidates the physiological and endocrinological processes intrinsic to puberty and ovulation induction protocols in <i>Bos indicus</i> and <i>Bos taurus</i> beef heifers. Puberty is a complex physiological event involving gonadotropic and metabolic changes that lead to sexual maturity, first ovulation, and regular reproductive cycles, enabling females to reproduce. Exposure to progesterone-based hormonal protocols, with or without additional hormones, can reduce the age at first ovulation and improve sexual maturity through stimuli in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and uterine development. However, inducing puberty differs from inducing ovulation, as it does not ensure the heifer will continue cycling or be ready to establish and maintain pregnancy after hormonal exposure. Regardless of the pharmacological basis, studies consistently report that beef heifers that had a corpus luteum (CL) prior to the timed-artificial insemination (TAI) protocol, have greater expression of estrus in response to synchronization and greater pregnancy per AI compared to heifers without a CL. The combination of P4 and E2 significantly impacts uterine development, increasing reproductive efficiency. Exposure to P4 causes a positive effect on inducing ovulation. However, studies indicate that the addition of E2 esters at the time of P4 device removal increases the ovulation rate. In general, the studies showed that fertility varied according to the type of the ovulation induction protocol used, but with inconsistent results. Although ovulation induction protocols are strategic tools to accelerate sexual maturity, a holistic view of the entire system is extremely important, combining integration with genetics and nutrition to enhance the reproductive outcomes of beef heifers. Future research is needed to understand and refine these protocols, driving the efficiency of beef cattle production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles: emerging paradigms in bovine embryo-maternal communication.","authors":"Rosane Mazzarella, Yulia Nathaly Cajas, Maria Encina Gonzalez Martínez, Dimitrios Rizos","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oviduct and uterus provide an optimal environment for early embryo development, where effective communication between the embryo and the maternal reproductive tract is crucial for establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Oviductal and uterine-derived EVs play pivotal roles in this maternal-embryonic communication and in facilitating early embryo development. However, despite the ability of in vitro culture methods to produce viable embryos, the lack of exchange between the embryo and the mother often results in lower-quality embryos than those derived in vivo. Therefore, there is a pressing need to increase our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying embryo interaction with the oviduct and endometrium through EVs and to develop models capable of mimicking the in vivo environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date insights into the communication between the mother and pre-implantation bovine embryo, exploring their applications and perspectives in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"40 years of AETE: the contribution of scientists and practitioners to the progress of reproductive biotechnologies in Europe.","authors":"Cesare Galli, Giovanna Lazzari","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This conference celebrates the 40th anniversary of AETE. Over the past 40 years, AETE has served as a forum for scientists, practitioners, and students working in assisted animal reproduction in livestock species. AETE conferences have reflected developments in the field, from basic to applied science, as well as regulatory changes in assisted animal reproduction practices. Europe has led the way in these developments for many years, progressing from artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cryopreservation to semen sexing, in vitro production of embryos, cloning by nuclear transfer, genomic selection, and the rescue of highly endangered species. These significant contributions were made possible by the support of funding agencies, both at the national and European levels, promoting cooperation between scientists and practitioners. Assisted reproduction, and animal breeding more generally, face opposition from various groups, including animal rights activists, vegetarians, proponents of organic farming, environmentalists, certain political parties, and increasing regulatory burdens. These challenges seriously affect funding for scientific research, the work of practitioners, and the breeding industry as a whole. It is crucial to invest time and resources in communication to remind the public, politicians, and regulators of the achievements in this field and the contributions made to the food supply chain and the care of the rural and natural environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressing needs and recent advances to enhance production of embryos in vitro in cattle.","authors":"Peter James Hansen","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embryo transfer in cattle is an increasingly important technique for cattle production. Full attainment of the benefits of the technology will depend on overcoming hurdles to optimal performance using embryos produced in vitro. Given its importance, embryo technology research should become a global research priority for animal reproduction science. Among the goals of that research should be developing methods to increase the proportion of oocytes becoming embryos through optimization of in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization, producing an embryo competent to establish and maintain pregnancy after transfer, and increasing recipient fertility through selection, management and pharmacological manipulation. The embryo produced in vitro is susceptible to epigenetic reprogramming and methods should be found to minimize deleterious epigenetic change while altering the developmental program of the resultant calf to increase its health and productivity. There are widening opportunities to rethink the technological basis for much of the current practices for production and transfer of embryos because of explosive advances in fields of bioengineering such as microfluidics, three-dimensional printing of cell culture materials, organoid culture, live-cell imaging, and cryopreservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"40 'wild' years: the current reality and future potential of assisted reproductive technologies in wildlife species.","authors":"Gabriela Mastromonaco","doi":"10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 40 years, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have grown significantly in scale and innovation, from the bovine embryo industry's shift from in vivo derived to in vitro produced embryos and the development of somatic cell-based approaches for embryo production. Domestic animal models have been instrumental in the development of ARTs for wildlife species in support of the One Plan Approach to species conservation that integrates in situ and ex situ population management strategies. While ARTs are not the sole solution to the biodiversity crisis, they can offer opportunities to maintain, and even improve, the genetic composition of the captive and wild gene pools over time. This review focuses on the application of sperm and embryo technologies (artificial insemination and multiple ovulation/in vitro produced embryo transfer, respectively) in wildlife species, highlighting impactful cases in which significant progress or innovation has transpired. One of the key messages following decades of efforts in this field is the importance of collaboration between researchers and practitioners from zoological, academic, governmental, and private sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7889,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction","volume":"21 3","pages":"e20240049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}