The European Physical Journal A最新文献

{"title":"Scintillating glass for precision calorimetry in nuclear physics","authors":"Tanja Horn,&nbsp;Vladimir Berdnikov,&nbsp;Marco Battaglieri,&nbsp;Mariangela Bondi,&nbsp;Ivan Cali,&nbsp;Joshua Crafts,&nbsp;Alexandre Demarque,&nbsp;Yeran Ghandilyan,&nbsp;Stefano Grazzi,&nbsp;Arthur Mkrtchyan,&nbsp;Hamlet Mkrtchyan,&nbsp;Casey Morean,&nbsp;Mehran Mostafavi,&nbsp;Carlos Muñoz Camacho,&nbsp;Noémie Pilleux,&nbsp;Avnish Singh,&nbsp;Alexander Somov,&nbsp;Marco Spreafico,&nbsp;Petr Stepanov,&nbsp;Vardan Tadevosyan,&nbsp;Simone Vallarino,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhu","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01540-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01540-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-performance scintillator materials are needed for particle identification and measurements of energy and momentum of electromagnetic particles in modern nuclear physics experiments. As an example, the US Electron-Ion Collider, a unique collider with diverse physics topics, requires electromagnetic calorimetry enabling high-quality electron identification and detection in the momentum range of 0.3 to tens of GeV. The highest resolution in electromagnetic calorimeters can be provided by homogeneous materials, e.g., lead tungstate crystals. Inorganic glass scintillators have been investigated as an attractive and cost-effective alternative to crystals, that is also easier and faster to manufacture in mass production. In this paper, we discuss progress in the fabrication and characterization of recent scintillating glass samples on both test bench and beam tests. The results are well-reproduced by simulation and are discussed in the context of the Electron-Ion Collider experimental requirements and bench-marked against lead tungstate crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale-(in)dependence in quantum 4-body scattering","authors":"Sourav Mondal,&nbsp;Rakshanda Goswami,&nbsp;Udit Raha,&nbsp;Johannes Kirscher","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01538-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01538-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the multi-channel 4-body scattering system using regularized 2- and 3-body contact interactions. The analysis determines the sensitivity of bound-state energies, scattering phase shifts and cross-sections on the cutoff parameter (<span>(lambda )</span>), and on the energy gaps between scattering thresholds. The latter dependency is obtained with a 2-body scale fixed to an unnaturally large value and a floating 3-body parameter. Specifically, we calculate the binding energies of the shallow 3- and 4-body states, dimer-dimer and trimer-atom scattering lengths, and the trimer-atom to dimer-dimer reaction rates. Employing a potential renormalized by a large 2-body scattering length and a 3-body scale, we find all calculated observables to remain practically constant over the range <span>(6,text {fm}^{-2}&lt;lambda &lt;10,text {fm}^{-2})</span>. Divergences in scattering lengths emerge for critical 3-body parameters at which thresholds are degenerate. For those critical points where the dimer-dimer and trimer-atom thresholds overlap, we predict an enhancement of the inelastic over the elastic scattering event. Such an inversion between elastic- and rearrangement-collision probabilities indicates a strong sensitivity of the 4-body reaction dynamics on the 3-body parameter at finite 2-body scale. As this enhancement is found here for all considered cutoffs but not in earlier studies which employ different renormalization schemes, we conclude that the sole cutoff variation does not necessarily imply non-perturbative changes in reaction rates. We conjecture the enhancement to follow from specific combinations of the finite 2-body range and the 3-body parameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (^{12})C((alpha ,gamma )^{16})O reaction, in the laboratory and in the stars","authors":"R. J. de Boer,&nbsp;A. Best,&nbsp;C. R. Brune,&nbsp;A. Chieffi,&nbsp;C. Hebborn,&nbsp;G. Imbriani,&nbsp;W. P. Liu,&nbsp;Y. P. Shen,&nbsp;F. X. Timmes,&nbsp;M. Wiescher","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolutionary path of massive stars begins at helium burning. Energy production for this phase of stellar evolution is dominated by the reaction path 3<span>(alpha rightarrow ^{12})</span> C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O and also determines the ratio of <span>(^{12})</span>C/<span>(^{16})</span>O in the stellar core. This ratio then sets the evolutionary trajectory as the star evolves towards a white dwarf, neutron star or black hole. Although the reaction rate of the 3<span>(alpha )</span> process is relatively well known, since it proceeds mainly through a single narrow resonance in <span>(^{12})</span>C, that of the <span>(^{12})</span>C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O reaction remains uncertain since it is the result of a more difficult to pin down, slowly-varying, portion of the cross section over a strong interference region between the high-energy tails of subthreshold resonances, the low-energy tails of higher-energy broad resonances and direct capture. Experimental measurements of this cross section require herculean efforts, since even at higher energies the cross section remains small and large background sources are often present that require the use of very sensitive experimental methods. Since the <span>(^{12})</span>C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O reaction has such a strong influence on many different stellar objects, it is also interesting to try to back calculate the required rate needed to match astrophysical observations. This has become increasingly tempting, as the accuracy and precision of observational data has been steadily improving. Yet, the pitfall to this approach lies in the intermediary steps of modeling, where other uncertainties needed to model a star’s internal behavior remain highly uncertain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The soft dipole resonances and E1 responses of 6He and 6Be","authors":"Y. H. Yang,&nbsp;Y. G. Ma,&nbsp;Z. C. Xu,&nbsp;S. M. Wang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01543-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01543-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>⁶He, known as a Borromean nucleus with a 2<i>n</i>-halo structure, and its mirror partner ⁶Be, the lightest 2<i>p</i> emitter, provide an excellent framework for exploring soft dipole resonance and nuclear structure. Despite previous studies on these nuclei, the potential presence of soft dipole resonance (<span>(J^pi = 1^-)</span>) had rarely been predicted before. In this work, we will investigate the presence of <span>(1^-)</span> resonance states in the complex energy plane, focusing on how the soft dipole resonance impacts the <i>E</i>1 transitions/response. Using the Gamow coupled-channel method for three-body calculations, we analyze the structures and soft dipole resonance of ⁶He and ⁶Be mirror systems, further exploring the <i>E</i>1 transition strengths of ⁶He through Green’s function method. The results show that the structural properties of ⁶He and ⁶Be show similar behavior. Notably, there are significant di-nucleon correlations in the <span>(0^+)</span> ground-state of both nuclei. Additionally, we observed a significant enhancement in <i>E</i>1 transition strengths at the energy corresponding to the <span>(1^-)</span> state. This indicates the presence of relative motion between the valence nucleons and the core.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From reactors to stars","authors":"Maurizio Busso,&nbsp;Maria Lugaro,&nbsp;Alberto Mengoni,&nbsp;René Reifarth,&nbsp;Michael Wiescher","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This <i>Eur. Phys. J. A</i> volume <b>58</b> is dedicated to the life and work of Dr. Franz Käppeler from Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT) who died on 20 November 2021, after a short illness. He was one of the leading experimentalists in the field of experimental nuclear astrophysics in Germany and worldwide for decades. Many of the authors of this volume knew Franz personally and many others were directly or indirectly inspired by his work and personality. All references in this introductory article refer to publications in this volume, not necessary to actual work by Dr. Käppeler.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of actinides and short-lived radionuclides during i-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars","authors":"Arthur Choplin,&nbsp;Stephane Goriely,&nbsp;Lionel Siess,&nbsp;Sébastien Martinet","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01522-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01522-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A complex interplay between mixing and nucleosynthesis is at work in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In addition to the slow neutron capture process (s-process), the intermediate neutron capture process (i-process) can develop during proton ingestion events (PIEs). In this paper, after quickly reviewing the different modes of production of heavy elements in AGB stars that have been identified so far, we investigate the synthesis of actinides and other short-lived radioactive nuclei (SLRs, <span>(^{60})</span>Fe, <span>(^{107})</span>Pd, <span>(^{126})</span>Sn, <span>(^{129})</span>I, <span>(^{135})</span>Cs, and <span>(^{182})</span>Hf) during i-process nucleosynthesis. AGB stellar models with initial masses <span>(1 le M_textrm{ini}/M_{odot }le 3)</span>, metallicities <span>(-3 le )</span> [Fe/H] <span>( le 0)</span>, and different overshoot strengths were computed with the stellar evolution code <span>STAREVOL</span>. During PIEs, a nuclear network of 1160 isotopes is used and coupled to the transport equations. We found that AGB models with [Fe/H] <span>(&lt;-2)</span> can synthesize actinides with abundances sometimes greater than solar values. The <span>(^{60})</span>Fe yield scales with the initial metallicity, while the <span>(^{107})</span>Pd, <span>(^{126})</span>Sn, <span>(^{129})</span>I, <span>(^{135})</span>Cs, and <span>(^{182})</span>Hf yields follow a similar pattern as a function of metallicity, with a production peak at [Fe/H] <span>(simeq -1.3)</span>. At [Fe/H] <span>(&lt;-1)</span>, the fraction of odd Ba isotopes <span>(f_textrm{Ba,odd})</span> is predicted to vary between 0.6 and 0.8 depending on the initial mass and metallicity. Nuclear uncertainties on our 1<span>(~M_{odot })</span>  [Fe/H] <span>(=-2.5)</span> model lead to <span>(f_textrm{Ba,odd})</span> ranging between 0.27 and 0.76, which is clearly above the s-process value. AGB stars experiencing PIEs appear to be potential producers of actinides and SLRs, particularly at low metallicity (except for <span>(^{60})</span>Fe). Galactic chemical evolution modelling is required to assess their possible contribution to the galactic enrichment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decays (tau rightarrow f_0(pi ,K) nu _tau ) and (tau rightarrow 3 pi nu _tau ) accounting for the contribution of (f_0(500))","authors":"M. K. Volkov,&nbsp;A. A. Pivovarov,&nbsp;K. Nurlan","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01531-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01531-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the <span>(U(3) times U(3))</span> quark NJL model, <span>(tau )</span> lepton decays with the production of scalar mesons <span>(f_0(pi ,K))</span> and neutrinos are studied, where <span>(f_0=f_0(500), f_0(980))</span>. It is shown that these decays mainly occur via contact channels and channels with axial-vector mesons <span>(a_1(1260))</span>, <span>(K_1(1270))</span> and <span>(K_1(1400))</span>. All mesons are considered as quark-antiquark states in this case. The obtained results can be considered as predictions for future experiments. The obtained estimates for the branching fractions of the <span>(tau rightarrow pi ^-2pi ^0 nu _tau )</span> decay taking into account the contributions of the <span>(rho pi )</span> and <span>(f_0(500)pi )</span> states are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of multiple anti-magnetic rotational bands in (^{106})Cd","authors":"Diwanshu,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;Bharti Rohila,&nbsp;Chetan Sharma,&nbsp; Subodh,&nbsp;Ishika Sharma,&nbsp;P. S. Rawat,&nbsp;Anand Pandey,&nbsp;Kaushik Katre,&nbsp;H. Arora,&nbsp;U. S. Ghosh,&nbsp; Yashraj,&nbsp;C. Majumder,&nbsp;H. P. Sharma,&nbsp;S. K. Chamoli,&nbsp;S. Kumar,&nbsp;S. Muralithar,&nbsp;R. P. Singh","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01525-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01525-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lifetimes of excited states of positive and negative parity <span>(Delta )</span>I = 2 bands of <span>(^{106})</span>Cd have been measured using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM). The electric quadrupole reduced transition probability rates, B(E2), show a significant decreasing trend with increasing spin along with large observed <span>(Im ^{(2)})</span>/B(E2) values. The experimental observations, interpreted in the framework of semiclassical particle-rotor model (SCM) calculations, suggest that these bands have the character of twin-shears type anti-magnetic rotational bands resulting from the coupling of g<span>(_{9/2})</span> proton holes with h<span>(_{11/2})</span>, g<span>(_{9/2})</span> and d<span>(_{5/2})</span> neutron particles. Another negative-parity band in the same nucleus has been studied using SCM, which also interprets it to be an anti-magnetic rotational band.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectors and front-end electronics for nuclear physics research at IUAC","authors":"Akhil Jhingan,&nbsp;E. T. Subramaniam,&nbsp;S. Venkataramanan","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01526-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the developmental activities in the field of radiation detectors and coupled instrumentation/electronics at IUAC (formerly NSC). The facility focuses on nuclear reaction and structure studies around the Coulomb barrier using ion beams from the accelerator. To execute these experiments, IUAC has a detector development program for preparing detector systems based on position sensitive fast timing proportional/avalanche counters, particle identification detectors such as segmented ionization chambers, hybrid gas-silicon telescopes, segmented and resistive position sensitive silicon detectors, and scintillators for light-charged particle, neutron and γ-<i>ray</i> detection, and germanium detectors for high resolution γ-<i>ray</i> spectroscopy. This is further exalted by a strong front-end electronics development program for detector signal processing. Different types of stand-alone and multi-channel low noise preamplifiers (charge sensitive and fast timing), spectroscopy amplifiers, discriminators, logic units, etc. have been developed. Customized high resolution analog to digital converters, trigger generator cum event identifier module for handling trigger signals for multi-detector arrays, crate controllers, synchronizing and time stamping units have been developed in CAMAC as well as VME standards for the data acquisition system. This nuclear instrumentation has been routinely used to perform experiments of fusion and fusion-fission dynamics, and nuclear spectroscopy using the facilities of recoil mass spectrometers, scattering chamber, neutron and gamma detector arrays etc. New detector systems are being planned and developed for these facilities as well as for the future international facilities such as NUSTAR. This article describes an overview of detector instrumentation activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01526-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of centrifugal potential on (alpha ) decay properties","authors":"Jia-Jia Liu,&nbsp;Shi-Hui Cheng,&nbsp;Wen-Ting Wu,&nbsp;Feng-Shou Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The centrifugal potential has a significant impact on the total potential of the <span>(alpha )</span> decay system. But it is always ignored in many models and semi-empirical formulas. In this work, an improved semi-empirical formula including the contribution of centrifugal potential for <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives has been proposed based on the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) barrier penetration. Compared to other semi-classical formulas, the formula in this work has the smallest standard deviation. By using this formula, the <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives of even–even and odd-A nuclei with atomic numbers <i>Z</i> = 117, 118, 119, and 120 are predicted. The calculated <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives of ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Og exhibit good agreement with experimental measurements. The characteristics of predicted <span>(alpha )</span> decay energy and half-lives indicate that <i>N</i> = 184 is the next neutron magic number after <i>N</i> = 126. Finally, the competition between <span>(alpha )</span> decay and spontaneous fission is investigated. The decay modes for isotopes ^289–317Ts, ^290–318Og, ^291–319119, and ^292–320120 are also shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}