American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Among Persons With Complicated Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study.","authors":"Ziyi Chen, Sophia Kiernan, Bhaskar Thakur, Amelia J Hicks, Flora M Hammond, Shanti M Pinto","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002884","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate demographic differences in COVID-19 vaccination uptake and to assess whether vaccination status is associated with societal participation, mental health, and quality of life among individuals with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study using the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database from 1961 individuals aged 16-years-old and older who completed interviews between October 1, 2021, and January 15, 2023, and responded to questions regarding COVID-19 vaccination status. Demographic, injury severity, societal participation, mental health, and quality of life metrics were compared between those with and without COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccinated individuals (68%) were more likely to be older, female, nonsmokers, White, and of Asian American or Hispanic ethnicity. Traumatic brain injury severity did not significantly differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. In multivariate analysis, vaccination status was not independently associated with social participation (Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder 7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), or quality of life (Satisfaction with Life Scale).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Demographic disparities in vaccination uptake exist among individuals with traumatic brain injury, but vaccination status was not independently linked to mental health, participation, or quality of life outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted outreach to address vaccination gaps and promote health equity in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"291-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trainee Preparedness to Enter Physiatry Residency: Findings From a National Cross-sectional Survey Study.","authors":"Hye Chang Rhim, Ashley E Gureck, Nicole B Katz, Toqa Afifi, Harmandeep K Grewal, Ovuokerie Addoh, Subha Hanif, Ricky Ju, Ahish Chitneni, Natalie Curley, Jungyoon Jung, Dorothy W Tolchin","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000002933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The transition from internship to residency represents an important period for trainees. However, little is known about self-assessed preparedness among physiatry trainees. This national cross-sectional exploratory survey of United States postgraduate year 2-4 physiatry residents aimed to examine self-reported preparedness at the start of postgraduate year 2. A total of 109 postgraduate year 2-4 residents completed this survey, with 57.8% (63/109) reporting feeling prepared to assume patient care responsibilities at the start of postgraduate year 2 and 42.2% (46/109) reporting feeling unprepared to do so. Specific internship experiences (e.g., developing comfort handling overnight calls and rapid responses), but not type of intern year (e.g., transitional year, preliminary internal medicine or surgery year, intern year included in a categorical physiatry residency program) may be associated with self-reported clinical preparedness. Further research is warranted to explore in more detail factors identified as potentially associated with self-assessed clinical preparedness, as well as opportunities to identify and address physiatry trainee needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"105 4","pages":"e52-e59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation for Balance, Motor Function, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shahid Ishaq, Iqbal Ali Shah, Shin-Da Lee, Bor-Tsang Wu","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002872","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of fully immersive virtual reality and fully immersive virtual environment in improving balance, motor function, cognitive performance, and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease, compared with conventional treatment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to April 2025. Of the 983 studies screened, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Individuals with Parkinson's disease receiving fully immersive virtual reality/immersive virtual environment rehabilitation were included compared with conventional treatment. The meta-analysis only included randomized controlled trials and was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 with a random-effects model and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fully immersive virtual reality/immersive virtual environment significantly improved dynamic balance Timed Up and Go Test(s) test and motor function (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) with low heterogeneity, and quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39) with high heterogeneity ( I2 > 50%) compared with conventional treatment. No significant changes were found for the static balance (Berg Balance Scale), Tinetti scale, and Falls Efficacy Scale-International.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rehabilitation integrating fully immersive virtual reality/immersive virtual environment showed greater effectiveness than conventional treatment in improving dynamic balance, motor function, and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Future randomized controlled trials with larger samples and extended follow-up are necessary to strengthen the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Gender Disparity in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: The Role of Early Outreach in Premedical Students.","authors":"Rhoda Hijazi, Danyal Tahseen, Sean Nguyen, Jennifer Codd, Mohammed Islam, Ely Cuberos Paredes, Raysha Farah, Shane Fuentes, Adedeji Adeniyi","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002899","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Women remain underrepresented in physical medicine and rehabilitation, comprising only 36%-39% of residents despite evidence that diverse teams improve patient outcomes. Limited early exposure and systemic barriers may contribute to this disparity. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 1101 US premedical students from 198 colleges across 40 states and territories to assess perceptions of physical medicine and rehabilitation and identify effective early intervention strategies. While respondents included all gender identities, the analysis focused on the 870 female-identifying students (78.8%) due to the study's primary aim of addressing gender equity in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Only 30.6% were familiar with physical medicine and rehabilitation, with exposure primarily through social media (42.6%) and personal connections (31.1%); just 9.0% had shadowed a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician. Financial concerns were prevalent, with 68.6% citing medical education costs and 66.4% citing application fees as deterrents. Despite these barriers, 60.6% expressed interest in learning more about physical medicine and rehabilitation. Preferred engagement strategies included shadowing (81.8%), interactive workshops (76.6%), mentorship programs (60.1%), and gender-specific events such as \"Women in PM&R\" (62.8%). These findings underscore the need for targeted, early outreach initiatives that address both informational and financial barriers, aiming to foster greater awareness and representation of women in physical medicine and rehabilitation and ultimately support a more inclusive physician workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"356-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Human Demonstration of High-Frequency Reversible Electrical Motor Nerve Block Compared to Selective Neurectomy-A Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Rafal Szylak, Michael Pridgeon, Andrew Marshall, Ellen Ruscoe, Rajesha Srinivasaiah, Jibril Osman-Farah, Deepti Bhargava","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002862","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This is an in-human proof-of-concept series of cases that tested the possibility of replicating the effect of selective neurectomy with a high-frequency stimulation-generated nerve conduction block.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>During the selective tibial neurectomy surgery for spasticity in four participants, the exposed nerve was stimulated at 10 kHz with a commercially available linear 8-contact electrode passed adjacent to the nerve under direct vision. Proximal stimulation was performed using a bipolar probe 1 cm proximal to the blocking electrode. The effect of block and proximal stimulation was recorded using the continuous electromyography (EMG). High-frequency stimulation was stopped to assess reversibility. Subsequently, a neurectomy was performed, and direct stimulation testing was done proximal and distal to the neurectomy site. The effects of neurectomy on EMG were compared to those obtained with a high-frequency stimulation-generated nerve conduction block.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all patients, an onset response was seen, after which a graded partial to complete block was obtained. High-frequency stimulation-generated nerve conduction block was fully reversed shortly after stopping the stimulation. The EMG for proximal stimulation postneurectomy was comparable to that with HF-stimulated block.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This demonstration of reversible electrical nerve block is a milestone toward the clinical implementation of high-frequency stimulation-mediated motor block for spasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Concept to Practice: The Development of ClinFIT for Musculoskeletal Disorders.","authors":"Max Mariotti, Melissa Selb, Marta Imamura, Alia Alghwiri, Bhasker Amatya, Maria Gabriella Ceravolo, Francesca Gimigliano, Mario Giraldo-Prieto, Xiaolei Hu, Sinforian Kambou, Carlotte Kiekens, Jianan Li, Shouguo Liu, Masahiko Mukaino, Aydan Oral, Gerold Stucki, Dominique van de Velde, Claudio Perret","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002875","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop Clinical Functioning Information Tool-musculoskeletal, an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-based clinical tool for the assessment and reporting of the functioning and rehabilitation potential of patients with a musculoskeletal condition.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This multistep, mixed-methods tool development process encompassed developing an initial shortlist of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories (comprising the aggregation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for musculoskeletal conditions and a literature search), identifying the Clinical Functioning Information Tool-musculoskeletal items feasible for clinical use via a two-round Delphi survey, developing a simple description for each item and deciding on the rating scale through development working group consultations. These consultations were also instrumental at each step of tool development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on a shortlist of 33 categories, the Delphi survey generated 17 items (7 body function and 10 activity and participation categories), which can be rated with a 0-4 scale (0 = no problem to 4 = complete problem) accompanied with rating specifications or with a 0-10 numeric rating scale without specification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical Functioning Information Tool-musculoskeletal can be used by rehabilitation professionals to support individualized care and track functional outcomes. It can also be employed in research and public health. Psychometric testing and cross-cultural validation will be pursued to ensure Clinical Functioning Information Tool-musculoskeletal's scientific robustness and applicability across diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Translating Orthobiologics and Cellular Therapies for the Musculoskeletal Provider.","authors":"Shannon Strader, Michael Medlyn, Monica Klein, Margaret DiGuardo, Jennifer Arthurs, Shane Shapiro","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000002928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Within the field of regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine, orthobiologics and cellular therapies are evolving at a rapid pace. Exuberant ideas for new treatments often outpace their scientific evidence, which may create confusion for both patients and providers on what treatments are evidence based. Orthobiologics and cellular therapies are a subset of regenerative therapies focused on treatment of musculoskeletal disease. For the field of orthobiologics to progress, it is essential that musculoskeletal providers understand the necessary components for translating novel therapies from discovery into practice. In this article, we provide an overview of both the lexicon and regulatory processes related to translation of orthobiologics and cellular therapies along with a comparison of how to translate orthobiologics and related novel cellular therapies in hopes to dispel misinformation while promoting responsible advancements and ethical practices in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":"105 4","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in A Pilot Randomized Control Trial in Individuals With Transtibial Amputations.","authors":"Sara L Peterson, Hongwu Wang, Mary Ann Miknevich, Sara R Piva, Rory A Cooper, Alicia M Koontz","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002874","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation program on knee extension strength, residual limb volume, pain, and gait performance in individuals with transtibial amputation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Twenty unilateral transtibial amputation participants were randomized to control or neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups. The neuromuscular electrical stimulation group received residual limb stimulation targeting the vastus laterals, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscles for 15 contractions per site, five times weekly for 12 wks. The control group continued activities of daily living without intervention. Baseline and 12-wk assessments included knee extension strength, residual limb volume, chronic and phantom limb pain, and gait outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high compliance rate of 82% was found in the intervention group. In the intervention group ( n = 5), residual limb pain (scale 0 to 10) significantly decreased at 12 wks ( P = 0.03; 1.20 ± 1.30 reduction). Effects on limb volume and strength remain unclear, warranting further research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is feasible for individuals with amputation with high compliance and potential to reduce residual limb pain. Future research with improved measurement methods, muscle mass quantification, and optimized dosage to stabilize or increase limb volume in a larger cohort is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Crush Syndrome at Cervical Preganglionic Level and Thoracic Outlet Region, Presenting as Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow.","authors":"William J Lew, David X Cifu, Chieh-Tsai Wu, Ren-Wen Huang, Shao-Chih Hsu","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002876","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Effects of Whole-Body Vibration and Floor Exercises on Muscle Architecture, Functional Performance, and Well-Being in Prefrail Seniors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Funda Karaalioğlu, Filiz Tuna, Hande Özdemir, Nur Kakilli, Derya Demirbağ Kabayel","doi":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002904","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHM.0000000000002904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 6-wk whole-body vibration program versus floor exercises on physical and psychosocial outcomes in prefrail elderly.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>In this randomized, single-blind, parallel-group superiority trial, 58 prefrail participants aged ≥65 were randomized 1:1 to whole-body vibration or floor groups. Both groups performed structurally similar exercise programs (5 sessions/week), tailored to either a vibration platform or the floor. Primary outcomes were quadriceps thickness, Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio, and Chair Stand Test. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, body composition, performance, mobility, balance, and questionnaires on physical activity, mood, kinesiophobia, depression, quality of life, sleep, and fatigue. Assessments occurred at baseline and week 6, except for quadriceps thickness and Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio, also measured at weeks 2 and 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While both interventions significantly improved quadriceps thickness, Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio, Chair Stand Test, performance, balance, mood, fatigue, and sleep quality, whole-body vibration showed greater Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio gains at week 6 (right: P = 0.027, left: P = 0.043) and better outcomes in Timed Get-Up-and-Go ( P = 0.008), depressive symptoms ( P = 0.036), fatigue ( P = 0.036), and trunk fat percentage ( P = 0.008) and mass ( P = 0.006), with no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Whole-body vibration yielded greater benefits in sarcopenia prevention, mobility, mood, fatigue, and body composition, although other outcomes showed no between-group differences, suggesting domain-specific rather than universal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7850,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"338-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}