Anatomy & Cell Biology最新文献

{"title":"A variant deep femoral artery passing anterior to femoral vein: an anatomical observation with implication in femoral vein cannulation.","authors":"Mohammadali M Shoja, Maria-Teresa De Leon, Jay Sheth, Sana Padival, Tara Tritsch, Gary B Schwartz","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.083","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The common femoral artery (CFA) typically gives rise to its superficial and deep branches, with the deep femoral artery (DFA) being the largest and most substantial of these branches. This case study presents a rare variation of the DFA characterized by an unusual branching pattern and its specific relationship with the femoral vein within the subinguinal region. In nutshell, the DFA and the medial femoral circumflex artery shared a common origin from the medial aspect of the CFA. The DFA assumed an unusual course, initially passing anterior to the femoral vein above the saphenofemoral junction, followed by a spiraling trajectory around the medial aspect of the femoral vein before running posteriorly. The embryological origins and clinical implications of this anatomical variation are thoroughly examined. This unusual vascular relationship in the subinguinal region may potentially result in arterial injury during femoral vein cannulation or formation of arteriovenous fistula after the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"616-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual nerve communication in gluteal region: embryological basis and clinical perspective.","authors":"Vidhu Dhawan, Sarah Sko Sangma, Suryakanta Seth, Vishwajit Deshmukh, Monica Baxla, Seema Singh","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.076","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) has been widely studied with context to its origin, distribution and mononeuropathies. Due to the vulnerability of the gluteal region to iatrogenic injuries and pressure ulcers etc., an understanding of the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region holds immense relevance. The communication between the PFCN and the inferior gluteal nerve (IGN) was observed at the back of thigh of a 56-year-old male cadaver while exploring distribution of nerves in gluteal region during routine anatomical dissection. The above communication holds importance in numerous diagnostic and reconstructive procedures. It assumes relevance where nerve blocks in PFCN are needed for surgical procedures in the vicinity of the thigh, knee, and the postero-superior part of the leg. The grade of motor response elicited in IGN on attempted PFCN stimulation could be a reliable determinant of adequate PFCN block.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"621-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striated muscle fiber crossings of the head and neck: a histological study using near-term human fetuses and elderly cadavers.","authors":"Ji Hyun Kim, Kei Kitamura, Yohei Honkura, Gen Murakami, Shin-Ichi Abe","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.094","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Striated muscle fiber crossings at almost right angle are known to exist in the face, soft palate, pharyngeal wall and tongue. We aimed to identify a specific interface tissue at the crossing. We observed histological sections from 22 half-heads of 12 near-term fetuses at 26-40 weeks (crown-rump length, 215-334 mm). For comparison, we also observed tongue frontal sections from 5 elderly cadavers (75-85 years old). At the angle of mouth as well as in the soft palate and pharyngeal wall, a solitary striated muscle fiber (<i>e.g.</i>, levator) consistently crossed a fiber bundle of the antagonist muscle (<i>e.g.</i>, depressor), but a solitary-to-solitary fiber interdigitation was unlikely with the antagonist muscle. Near the external nasal orifice as well as in the tongue intrinsic muscle layer, at every section, there was a crossing with an endomysium-to-endomysium contact: the nasalis and platysma muscles and; the vertical and transverse (or inferior longitudinal) tongue muscles. Therein, the functional vectors crossed at almost right angle. Also in adult tongue, the vertical and transverse muscle fibers sometimes (0-2 sites per section) crossed with an endomysium-to-endomysium contact. At the muscle crossing with an endomysium contact, the endomysium and basement membrane seemed to receive a friction stress between two muscles. Although some crossings might disappear due to high muscle activity after birth, not a few of them were likely to maintain. To minimize the mechanical stress, a minute nervous control of the timing, duration and strength of muscle contraction seemed to be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"570-578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible mushroom (<i>Pleurotus cornucopiae</i>) extract vs. glibenclamide on alloxan induced diabetes: sub-acute <i>in vivo</i> study of Nrf2 expression and renal toxicity.","authors":"Chinedu Godwin Uzomba, Uchenna Kenneth Ezemagu, Mary-Sonia Ofoegbu, Njoku Lydia, Essien Goodness, Chinedum Emelike, Uchewa Obinna, Alo Joseph Nwafor, Ejikeme Felix Mbajiorgu","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.054","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to compare the action of <i>Pleurotus cornucopiae</i> and glibenclamide on alloxan-induced diabetes and ascertain how an aqueous extract of the edible mushroom regulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), oxidative stress biomarkers and renal toxicity in a diabetic male Wistar rat model. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into five groups with five rats per. Group 1 and those in the treatment groups received normal feed and water <i>ad libitum</i>. Group 2 received intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). Group 3 received alloxan monohydrate and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight bwt), group 4 received alloxan monohydrate plus the extract (250 mg/kg bwt) and group 5 received alloxan monohydrate plus the extract (500 mg/kg bwt). The administration of glibenclamide plus the extract was oral for 14 days. Glibenclamide and the extract lowered blood glucose level, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rats with alloxan induced diabetes. The extract at 500 mg/kg bwt reduced the plasma urea and sodium concentration in the treated rats. The extract and glibenclamide could detoxify alloxan and restore its induced renal degeneration and glomeruli atrophy, intra renal hemorrhage and inflammation and oxidative biomarkers through activation of Nrf2 expression. The drug glibenclamide and <i>P. cornucopiae</i> have appreciable hypoglycemic activity and potential to restore the normal renal architecture in the rats, hence they offer similar curative effects. Additionally, the extract at 500 mg/kg bwt activated SOD and Nrf2 expression more than glibenclamide in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"446-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlantooccipital assimilation associated with combined atlas arch defect: a radiological case report.","authors":"Athikhun Suwannakhan, Pannawat Trerattanavong, Laphatrada Yurasakpong, Woranan Kirisattayakul, Nutmethee Kruepunga, Kiarttiyot Tuntiseranee, Kanitin Rumpansuwon, Thanyaporn Senarai","doi":"10.5115/acb.23.281","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.23.281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this report, atlantooccipital assimilation (AS), anterior arch defect (AAD), and posterior arch defect (PAD) of the atlas, and several variations around the craniocervical junction were identified on computed tomography (CT) of a patient of unknown sex and age. Coronal and sagittal CT scans showed AS and bilateral fusion of the atlas and the base of occipital bone. Axial CT scan at the atlas revealed PAD type B on the left side and midline AAD. Morphometric measurements indicated a potential ventral spinal cord compression. In addition, mid-sagittal CT revealed the presence of fossa navicularis magna and incomplete formation of the transverse foramen on the right side. This study reports an extremely rare AS associated with AAD, PAD, and other variations of the clivus and the atlas. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"468-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in the projection level of the vertebra prominens: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Trifon Totlis, Andreas Sammer, Maria Piagkou, Konstantinos Natsis, Panagiotis-Konstantinos Emfietzis, Filippos Karageorgos, George Tsakotos, George Triantafyllou, Georg Feigl","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.061","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 7th cervical vertebra (C7) is described as having the most prominent spinous process (SP) and is characterized as the \"vertebra prominens\" (VP) of the cervical spine in anatomy textbooks. The VP is an important anatomical landmark of the neck for clinical examination and therapeutic intervention. The present study identifies the level of the most prominent SP of the cervical and uppermost thoracic vertebrae in a cadaveric cohort. Thirty-nine (23 female and 16 male) cadavers of a mean age of 77.5 years were investigated in a prone position and a certain cervical kyphotic bending. The most prominent SP, at the base of the neck, was palpated and marked with a wedging nail into the SP of the vertebra. The cervical region was dissected, and a blind investigator examined whether the nail was placed into the SP of C7 or the SP of another upper or lower vertebra. In 19 out of 39 cadavers (48.7%), the C7 was identified as the VP (typical anatomy), followed by the C6 (in 14 cadavers, 35.9%), C5 (in 4 cadavers, 10.3%). In 2 cadavers (5.1%) the first thoracic vertebra was identified as having the most prominent SP. Although C7 is described as the VP, in the present study the SP of C7 was the most prominent in less than 50%. The high variable projection level of the most prominent SP of the cervical vertebra holds great clinical significance for spine examination, neck surgery, and spinal anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"378-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete transverse basilar cleft associated with hemifacial microsomia.","authors":"Laphatrada Yurasakpong, Athikhun Suwannakhan, Joe Iwanaga, R Shane Tubbs, Arada Chaiyamoon, Nutmethee Kruepunga, Somluk Asuvapongpatana, Thanwa Sudsang","doi":"10.5115/acb.23.289","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.23.289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transverse basilar cleft (TBC) is an extremely rare variation of the clivus or the basilar part of the occipital bone. In this report, a unilateral transverse basilar fissure was found at the clivus in a head computed tomography of an 18-year-old female patient diagnosed with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Image analysis of this patient showed shortening of the ramus of the right mandible along with medial displacement of the right temporomandibular joint and hypoplastic right maxilla. In addition, observation of the clivus showed a cleft between the basioticum and basioccipital bones at the level of the pharyngeal tubercle on the right side. This cleft was identified as TBC. Clival variations, TBC included, attributed to HFM have never been reported. This report draws attention to the complex relationship between abnormal development of clivus and HFM syndrome, and sheds light on a possible genetic and molecular association between these two conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"473-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140048616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey and levodopa comparably preserved substantia nigra pars compacta neurons through the modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model.","authors":"Fatimo Ajoke Sulaimon, Ruqayyah Yetunde Ibiyeye, Aminu Imam, Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole, Abubakar Lekan Imam, Monsur Shehu, Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu, Risikat Eniola Kadir, Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso, Moyosore Salihu Ajao","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.034","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) affects about 8.5 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative and inflammatory cascades are implicated in the neurological sequels, that are mostly unresolved in PD treatments. However, proper nutrition offers one of the most effective and least costly ways to decrease the burden of many diseases and their associated risk factors. Moreover, prevention may be the best response to the progressive nature of PD, thus, the therapeutic novelty of honey and levodopa may be prospective. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of honey and levodopa against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced oxidative stress. Fifty-four adult male Swiss mice were divided into control and PD model groups of 27 mice. Each third of the control mice either received phosphate buffered saline, honey, or levodopa for 21 days. However, each third of the PD models was either pretreated with honey and levodopa or not pretreated. Behavioral studies and euthanasia were conducted 2 and 8 days after MPTP administration respectively. The result showed that there were significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) higher motor activities in the PD models pretreated with the honey as well as levodopa. furthermore, the pretreatments protected the midbrain against the chromatolysis and astrogliosis induced by MPTP. The expression of antioxidant markers (glutathione [GSH] and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]) was also significantly upregulated in the pretreated PD models. It is thus concluded that honey and levodopa comparably protected the substantia nigra pars compacta neurons against oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2 signaling molecule thereby increasing GSH level to prevent MPTP-induced oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging arterial pattern of foregut and its potential impact on surgery.","authors":"Phalguni Srimani, Anubha Saha","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.078","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anticipating a wide range of morphological variations of arterial anatomy of foregut derivatives beyond the classical pattern, a precise understanding is pertinent to preoperative diagnosis, operative procedure and to avoid potentially devastating post-operative outcome during various traumatic and non-traumatic vascular insult of foregut. The study aimed to revisit the morphological details and update unusual configurations of arteries of foregut to establish clinico-anatomical correlations. This study described the detailed branching pattern of coeliac trunk (CT) as principal artery of foregut with source & course of hepatic, gastric, duodenal and pancreatic branches in 58 cadaveric dissections. Based on morphology, different types and subtypes were made. The descriptions were explained using figures and pertinent tables. Among classical branches of CT, splenic artery was found as most stable whereas other two branches were found to be most variable with missing common hepatic artery in 11 cases. In addition to classical trifurcation (65.52%), different types of bifurcation (12.07%) and tetrafurcations (22.41%) of CT were observed. Regarding variations of hepatic arteries (27.59%), both non-classical origin and accessory hepatic branches were found. In case of gastric branches, more variant origins were seen with right gastric (50%) as compared to left gastric artery (34.48%). Other morphological variations included non-classical origin of gastro-duodenal artery (18.96%) along with presence of accessory pancreatic (17.13%) and duodenal arteries (6.38%). Awareness of anatomical variations regarding circulatory dynamics of foregut is worth knowing in order to facilitate successful planning of surgery involving upper abdominal organs with least complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"370-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bilateral gastrocnemius tertius coexisting with a unilateral two-headed plantaris muscle.","authors":"George Tsakotos, George Triantafyllou, Christos Koutserimpas, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.5115/acb.24.038","DOIUrl":"10.5115/acb.24.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current cadaveric report aims to present a coexistence of two uncommon variants of the posterior leg compartment. The variations were detected, during classical dissection in an 84-year-old donated male cadaver. On the left lower limb, the gastrocnemius muscle was identified as having a third head that was attached to the lateral head. This variant is known as gastrocnemius tertius muscle and was bilaterally identified. The left-sided plantaris muscle had two distinct heads that fused into a common tendon that was inserted into the calcaneal tuberosity. Knowledge of these variants is important, due to their close relationship with the popliteal neurovascular bundle. Clinicians should be aware, to avoid pitfalls and take them into account in their differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7831,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"459-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}