{"title":"A novel low power high speed 14T-TSPC-DomDFF design and analysis in CMOS 16nm technology","authors":"Ramsha Suhail, Pragya Srivastava, Richa Yadav, Nandini Baliyan, Rewa Chaudhary","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02371-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02371-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilised in a range of applications such as registers, counters, and state machines, the D Flip-Flop (DFF) is a flexible device that has undergone development over time with innovative design approaches to enhance power efficiency. True Single Phase Clock (TSPC) logic has constantly been a preferred option in high-speed applications. This work introduces an enhanced 14 Transistor TSPC-based positive edge-triggered Domino DFF (TSPC DomDFF) at 16 nm with a Clock-to-Q (CQD) latency of 55.4ps, improved power consumption of 96.8nW, and salient Power Delay Product (PDP) and Energy Delay Product (EDP) as 5.36aJ and 0.297aJ-ns, respectively, at an operating voltage of 0.9 V. It showcases the performance of a high speed and power efficient design with 32%, 77%, 85%, 94% improvement in PDP with respect to MTSPC, 26TSPC, 18T HFF, and MSDFF respectively. The results are validated through detailed robust analysis. Furthermore, the proposed 14T TSPC DomDFF is implemented to construct a 4-bit Serial-in-Serial-out (SISO) Shift Register (4-SISO SR) at operating frequency of 5 GHz. The improved results enabled the physical layout design to be accommodated within an optimized area of 3.7µm<sup>2</sup> for the proposed circuit and 15.4µm<sup>2</sup> for the proposed application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel low-power, high-speed carry look ahead adder utilizing 11-T hybrid full adder module based 4:2 compressor unit for low-power applications","authors":"Nimai Halder, Biswarup Mukherjee","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02361-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02361-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel low-power, high-speed hybrid architecture for a 16-bit carry look-ahead adder (CLA) employing 4:2 compressors is proposed. To enhance compressor latency and power efficiency, a new hybrid full adder architecture based on eleven transistors is implemented. The conventional CMOS (CCMOS) architecture of CLAs is hindered by poor latency due to the significant parasitic capacitance presented by higher-order carry generation modules, unlike the ripple carry adder architecture. To mitigate latency issues in the CLA architecture, the design generates odd and even carry bits independently. The proposed 16-bit CLA architecture is simulated using a 45 nm PTM technology model with the Mentor Graphics Tanner EDA tool. Comprehensive simulation-based analyses and comparisons with state-of-the-art methodologies are conducted, focusing on power consumption, delay, and area (transistor count). The proposed design has a power-delay product of 108 femtojoules, which is 53% better than the CCMOS 16-bit CLA architecture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of high-speed and 6-bit flash ADC module for non-contact vital sign signal processing in biomedical application","authors":"Pushparaj Pal, Banoth Krishna, Amod Kumar, Sandeep Singh Gill, Garima Saini","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02376-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02376-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The signal processing is the primary factor for improving the accuracy of bio signals in electronic devices with respect to speed and resolution. The ADC is often called the heart of the electronics processing system. Without the ADC module, the device cannot proceed to further processing stages and becomes non-functional. In biomedical applications, healthcare service providers remotely monitor patients using non-contact vital sign detection and signal monitoring through CW Doppler radar of 2.45 GHz. The system collects tiny signals remotely, with HR signals of (0.2–0.5)Hz and RR signals of (0.3–0.7)Hz. Recovering these signals from the received data, containing clutters and noise, is a challenging task that requires a high-speed, high-resolution, and accurate-based system. The SAR-ADC has existing problems with high speed and bit resolution, system performance, and accuracy, which are overcome in the flash ADC with reduced hardware. The received signal is further processed using the DAQ system. The system uses a 6-bit 1GS/s flash ADC for enhanced system performance. Simulation results show an INL of -0.49/+0.76 LSB and DNL of -0.65/+0.59 LSB, respectively. At -0.3 dBFS and a 1 kHz sinusoidal signal, the SNDR is 47dB (6.4 ENOB). The system operates at power level of 96.08uW with a supply voltage of 1.6 V. The implementation is carried out using simulation tools such as Cadence Virtuoso, and MATLAB platforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single event transient (SET) for a novel step-truncated SELBOX FinFET device","authors":"Baojun Liu, Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02367-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02367-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel FinFET structure is derived from the calibrated conventional SOI FinFET at 14 nm technology node. It is designed as a step and low truncated fin with a small opening in the box (STS-FinFET). Single event transients (SETs) of serval FinFETs are investigated, including conventional FinFET (C-FinFET), SELBOX FinFET (SELBOX-FinFET), truncated-fin SELBOX FinFET (T-FinFET), semicircular-truncated SELBOX FinFET (SEMC-FinFET). The results show that although the deposited charge is significantly increased, T-FinFET, and SEMC-FinFET, in particular STS-FinFET, can dramatically reduce the sensitivity to SET. Compared with C-FinFET, the relative decrements of the SET current peak, pulse width, collected charge and bipolar amplification coefficient for the proposed STS-FinFET are 15.91%, 52.41%, 63.78%, and 93.80%, respectively. The novel structure presents more immune to SET than the others. The reason is discussed from the synergistic effect of the small opening induced by SELBOX and the cross section derived from the step and truncated fin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ultra-fast settling and low area bit synchronizer architecture","authors":"Amitava Ghosh, Anindya Sundar Dhar","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02364-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02364-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents the architecture design of a bit synchronizer suited for wireless sensor node applications. It detects a 0–1 transition sent from transmitter that subsequently triggers a counter clocked by a reference. The counter counts a certain number of reference cycles and generates a strobe signal that is used to sample the demodulated waveform at the maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) instant. Because of the position of the maximum SNR point, there is a latency in the strobe signal. This latency can be measured off-chip and on-chip. Off-chip solution entails observing a repetitive 0–1 pattern sent from the transmitter, and the reference clock post fabrication in an oscilloscope in test lab and writing the latency in terms of reference cycle counts into the chip. On-chip solution uses samplers to sample the demodulated waveform at multiple instants and finds the time where the maximum sampled value occurs. Algorithm was designed first from which the architecture was generated. For the off-chip method, circuit design followed by layout was also performed. The bit synchronizer requires just two bits (for on-chip solution three bits are required) to align with the optimum sampling instant which is very fast compared to existing literature and hence has ultra-fast settling capability. The circuit requires 2364 transistors and the area occupied is 0.069mm<sup>2</sup>. Power consumption is also low being 7.26 µW while bit error ratio less than 10<sup>−3</sup> was achieved for different parameter settings. The receiver design has been targeted for implant telemetry in the 402-405 MHz frequency band.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Elizabeth Caroline, K. Sagadevan, J. Vidhya, K. Mangaiyarkarasi
{"title":"Design and analysis of 2 × 1 MIMO antenna with inverted E-shaped unit cell for high isolation","authors":"B. Elizabeth Caroline, K. Sagadevan, J. Vidhya, K. Mangaiyarkarasi","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02373-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02373-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wireless communication technology extensively explores and optimizes key parameters within a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system, with a primary emphasis on achieving high isolation and low correlation. The focus is to enhance the gain and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) while prioritizing diversity and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) optimization for 2*1 patch antenna. Through systematic design, simulation, and practical implementation, significant signal strength and reliability improvements are targeted. The directional focus will be finely tuned to maximize performance by adding 1–5 unit cells of the inverted E-shaped (IES) structure to improve the isolation. This work aims to provide valuable insights for developing high-performance MIMO antennas, with applications across evolving wireless communication technologies, by improving the performance in terms of correlation and isolation. The Proposed MIMO antenna has a very low ECC value of 0.001, diversity of 9.99 dB, VSWR of 1.32, and gain of 0.23 at 5.8 GHZ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A compact frequency reconfigurable MIMO antenna with high isolation for Wi-Fi and fixed satellite applications","authors":"B. Ramamohan, M. Siva Ganga Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02358-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02358-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna with frequency reconfigurability for Wi-Fi and fixed satellite applications. Utilizing two PIN diodes, the antenna can switch between (2.14<span>(-)</span> 2.98) GHz and (6.66 <span>(-)</span> 7.16) GHz electronically. An inverted F-shaped defective ground arrangement ensures excellent isolation between the rectangular antenna elements. Constructed with a low-cost FR4 substrate, the antenna exhibits isolation greater than 25 dB and ECC less than 0.08 over the two frequency bands. At 2.45 GHz and 6.91 GHz, the transducer’s peak realized gains are 4.68 dBi and 4.27 dBi, respectively. The Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and measured Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) make it suitable for MIMO antenna systems. The fabricated prototype validates the proposed concept, with simulation findings closely aligning with measurement results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillators employing inverting current feedback operational amplifier","authors":"Tajinder Singh Arora","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02356-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02356-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a set of five voltage-mode quadrature oscillators that utilize an inverting current feedback operational amplifier as an active device. The characteristic equations of all the derived oscillators are simple and derived parameters, such as the oscillation condition or oscillation frequency, can be individually and independently controlled via grounded or virtually grounded resistors. An important feature of these oscillators is that the capacitors used are grounded, and the output voltages are obtained from the buffered port of the active device. Initially, the oscillators are tested using conventional pen-and-paper analysis, followed by software simulations and hardware validation, which are included in the manuscript.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel chaotic system with 2-D grid multi-scroll chaotic attractors through quasi-sine function","authors":"Pengfei Ding, Zixuan Wang, Ke Li, Le Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02345-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02345-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With regard to chaotic system with multi-scroll chaotic attractors in multiple directions, the circuit complexity and the size of electronic components of its circuit implementation raise with the increase of the direction and quantity of scrolls. For reducing the complexity of circuit implementation of multi-scroll chaotic attractors, we came up a novel chaotic system with two-directional (2-D) grid multi-scroll chaotic attractors, and its nonlinear term is a quasi-sine function (QSF), which is multiplication of a gate function and a sine function. The circuit implementation of QSF is much simpler compared to other nonlinear functions used in existing chaotic systems. The dynamical properties of Lyapunov exponents, equilibrium points, phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams were discussed. Based on the analyses of dynamical characteristics, the electronic circuits of the novel chaotic system through Multisim software, and the circuit simulation results have good consistency with the numerical ones. Especially, the effectiveness and feasibility of the chaotic system are confirmed through hardware circuits, and its circuit complexity is not affected by the quantity of scrolls, which is easily regulated through changing the width of the gate function used in the QSF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashok Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Pradeep Soni, Vishnu D. Patel, Ashish Mishra
{"title":"Design, development and performance of video processor electronics for ocean imaging payload in EOS-06 satellite","authors":"Ashok Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Pradeep Soni, Vishnu D. Patel, Ashish Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02348-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02348-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge of ocean colour information is vital for locating of Potential fishing zone (PFZ). For oceanographic studies, Indian space research organization (ISRO) has launched one Ocean color monitor (OCM-3) payload onboard EOS-08 satellite. OCM-3 has 13 fine spectral bands for better delineation of ocean features with SNR requirements of ≈ 1000 (@ sea reference radiance). Video processor (VP) electronics is the critical circuit for precisely digitizing the multi-port analog signal received from the detectors while maintaining low noise. The design, development and performance of video processor electronics for OCM-3 payload is compiled in this paper. Thirteen separate electronic chains are developed catering to each spectral band. Detector video is processed with 12-bit digitization by 8-port video processor. To obtain higher SNR and lesser electrical coupling, circuit and layout are optimized. The electrical performance is showcased with an SNR of around 4000 and coupling (both intra-and inter-port) confined to less than 0.1%. The developed video processor PCB has a power dissipation of less than 1W and measures only 150 × 110 mm. Acquired onboard images illustrates SNR performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}