{"title":"Improvement of conversion cycle and estimation of capacitor mismatch in hybrid analog-to-digital converters using flash and successive approximation register","authors":"Ryukichi Hirai, Ryo Kishida, Tatsuji Matsuura, Akira Hyogo","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02471-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents hybrid 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architectures that consists of flash ADC and successive approximation register (SAR) ADC. We have proposed the hybrid flash-SAR ADC consisting of 4-bit flash ADC and 3-trit radix-3 SAR ADC to improve conversion speed. It is called flash-radix-3-SAR ADC. The proposed ADC consists of the 3-bit flash ADC, 1-trit radix-3 SAR ADC and 4-bit two-bit/cycle SAR ADC to reduce the number of bit in the flash ADC. It is called flash-hybrid-SAR ADC. The proposed flash-hybrid-SAR ADC can reduce by half the number of resistors and comparators in the flash ADC from the conventional 8-bit hybrid flash-radix-3-SAR ADC with the same sampling rate at 142.8 MS/s. The proposed circuit is validated through transient simulations and capacitor mismatch analysis. The results confirm 8-bit resolution with DNL (Differential non-linearity) and INL (Integral non-linearity) within ±1.0 LSB and ±0.5 LSB, respectively. The circuits also maintain stable performance under ±0.5% capacitor mismatch conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10470-025-02471-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. S. Hafez, O. A. Abouelfetouh, Y. O. Mohamed, M. N. Hasaneen, O. H. Fathy, Y. H. Hassan, M. M. Mahroos, R. A. Elomda, M. M. Ghouneem
{"title":"Cyclic memory: a low-latency, single-buffer technique for FMCW LiDAR interleaving/de-interleaving","authors":"O. S. Hafez, O. A. Abouelfetouh, Y. O. Mohamed, M. N. Hasaneen, O. H. Fathy, Y. H. Hassan, M. M. Mahroos, R. A. Elomda, M. M. Ghouneem","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pipelined systems have long proven their efficiency in high-throughput data processing by enabling concurrent execution of sequential tasks. However, a recurring challenge in such systems is the mismatch between order of data generation and consumption across pipeline stages. This problem imposes a critical constraint: the system must collect new data block while simultaneously reorganizing previously acquired data block–all without interrupting pipeline throughput. A ping-pong buffer allows a system to do so by doubling buffering memory size. This idea increases memory data throughput by not halting the pipeline operation. This paper presents a memory read/write algorithm called “Cyclic Memory” as an alternative to the ping-pong buffering algorithm for the data interleaving/de-interleaving process. Unlike the ping-pong buffering algorithm, the cyclic memory algorithm does not require double buffering. This means that cyclic memory cuts memory requirements in half, uses less area, and consumes less power. This paper will discuss the derivation of the algorithm as well as its implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A cross-coupled wideband low-phase-noise VCO in 130 nm CMOS using a linear I-MOS varactor","authors":"Samad Jamali, Mehdi Ehsanian","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel varactor-based voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) designed in 130 nm CMOS technology, optimized for ultra-wide tuning range, low phase noise, and enhanced VCO gain (KVCO). The proposed architecture integrates two parallel inversion-mode MOS (I-MOS) transistors with fixed gate-to-drain capacitors. A single analog control voltage adjusts the effective capacitance, while a separate DC bias is applied to linearize the varactor’s response, improving KVCO linearity and tuning efficiency. Embedded within a cross-coupled VCO topology, the varactor provides tunable differential capacitance across the oscillator arms. The design achieves a tuning range of 88.3% (476 MHz to 1.23 GHz) and a phase noise of–153.7 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The resulting oscillator demonstrates a figure of merit (FoM) of 209.1 dBc/Hz and a tuning-aware FoM<sub>T</sub> of 228.6 dBc/Hz, making it suitable for low-power, wideband wireless communication applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient address generator architectures for IEEE 802.16e WiMAX deinterleaver based on SPAM approach","authors":"Vivek Karthick Perumal, Ramesh Jayabalan, Thiruvenkadam Krishnan, Dhanasekaran Selvaraj","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02477-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02477-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a VLSI implementation of a Synchronous Pipelined Array Multiplier (SPAM)-based address generation architecture designed for a WiMAX deinterleaver. The proposed design enhances throughput and reduces latency by adding parallelism within the array multiplier, specifically designed for efficient WiMAX deinterleaver. The architecture maintains synchronization with WiMAX operations and focuses on low power consumption, making it compatible for integration into energy-efficient systems. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in terms of speed, power efficiency, and throughput, highlighting the architecture's suitability for high-performance WiMAX systems, particularly in wireless broadband communication. The proposed SPAM-based address generator is 58% and 18% faster than LUT-based and MUX-based systems, respectively. It also achieves 45% and 15% lower power consumption, respectively. Implemented in 45 nm CMOS technology, the proposed multiplier better performs the LUT-based architecture in Power-Delay Product (PDP) and Area-Delay Product (ADP) by 71% and 37%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance improvement in asynchronous binary search ADC using bootstrapped sample and hold circuit & 2-stage ladder network","authors":"Anurag Pandey, Kashi Bandla, Dipankar Pal, Dipti, Kavindra Kandpal, Prasanna Kumar Misra, Manish Goswami","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02419-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02419-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a design of an 8-bit asynchronous, binary search analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using an asynchronously generated clock signal and inbuilt Bootstrapped sample and hold circuit by utilizing a 2-stage ladder for generation of reference voltages. The proposed design utilizes an anti-aliasing filter and Bootstrapped sample and hold circuit for charge cancellation with only N comparators, <span>(2^{(N-3)})</span> multiplexers, and a switching network. The ADC achieves an SNR of 47.4 dB, an ENOB of 7.7 bits, <span>(text {f}_{in})</span> of 200 KHz, <span>(text {f}_{s})</span> of 125 MSPS, and dissipates 13 mW of power when operated on 1.8 V supply rail. The proposed design had resulted in saving 10<span>(%)</span> of chip area with respect to a recent candidate SAR ADC and more than 50<span>(%)</span> of chip area with respect to flash ADC. The proposed design also showed 61.7<span>(%)</span> improvement in speed with respect to existing SAR architectures due to switching networks. Pre and post-layout simulation results showed a conversion time of approximately 5.2 ns and 6.5 ns respectively, while Monte Carlo simulation and process corner analysis showed good results with less spread. Further, the static characteristics that have been plotted for resistor mismatch showed linearity approximation in the nominal range. The design has the merit of being that choice for radio frequency identification applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10470-025-02419-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A high speed-low power compressor with novel structure for reducing the complexity of wallace multipliers","authors":"J Suresh Babu, G. Saravana Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02435-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02435-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays power, delay in addition to the area has to turn out to be the attribute features of any VLSI circuit. Usually, the delay of usual multipliers is high due to the number of computations, consequently; the overall speed of circuits become less, and increases power consumption. The performance of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) processors is frequently dependent on the Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC) unit, and three parameters determine it, namely power, area and speed. However, the performance of the conventional MAC is not good when the number of bits increases and also using several multiplication factors increases the power consumption. So, to reduce the compressor size for working with a higher level of bits in lower power and low area consumption, this paper proposes a new architecture for an effective MAC unit. In the proposed architecture, the Peres logic gates are applied in the third compression stage for reducing the power compression and delay. The outcomes demonstrate that the suggested design has high speed and low MAC unit area consumption. Furthermore, the increase in the compressor size is not affecting the system operations. The proposed architecture can be applied for future DSP system to get efficient performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of electrical parameters in extended source epitaxial layer DG-TFET including interface trap charges and temperatures","authors":"Rajesh Saha, Shridev Devji, Shanidul Hoque, Brinda Bhowmick, Srimanta Baishya","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02428-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02428-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we have highlighted the electrical parameters of extended source epitaxial layer double gate TFET (ESETL-DGTFET) for the wide variation in temperatures and interface trap charge density. The DC, RF/analog, and linearity behaviour are reported for variation in positive interface trap charge (PITC)/ negative interface trap charge (NITC) along with wide temperature variations (250–400) K using TCAD simulator. It is seen that PITC improved the electrical parameters like current ratio, cut-off frequency, linearity behaviour, whereas, NITC degrades the same. The degradation in OFF state current at low gate bias with increased temperature is due SRH rate is exponentially dependent on temperature, whereas, band to band tunnelling (BTBT) rate is weak dependence of temperature leads to negligible variation in drain current at high gate bias. With increased temperature, the current ratio degrades and delay improved for both PITC and NITC. The temperature sensitivity is improved in presence of PITC compared to NITC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A subthreshold CMOS voltage reference with low temperature coefficient, low power and high PSRR","authors":"Shubing Wan, Hua Wu, Jiawei Cheng, Xianguo Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02421-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02421-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a subthreshold CMOS voltage reference circuit. The design comprises a start-up circuit, a bias current generator, and a voltage subtraction output stage. Fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS process, the circuit achieves a power consumption of 17 nW at 27 °C with a supply voltage ranging from 1 to 3 V. At <i>V</i><sub>DD</sub> = 1.8 V, the output reference voltage (<i>V</i><sub>REF</sub>) is 297.3 mV, exhibiting a temperature coefficient (TC) of 2.565 ppm/°C over a temperature range of from − 40 to 125 °C. The power supply ripple rejection ratio (PSRR) at 10 Hz is − 102.9 dB. The proposed architecture demonstrates advantages in low-power consumption, compact area, and stable output performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Karimi, Abdalhossein Rezai, Mohammad Mahdi Hajhashemkhani, Javad Sadeghi Azizkhani
{"title":"A novel architecture for high-performance PWM class-D audio amplifier","authors":"Ahmad Karimi, Abdalhossein Rezai, Mohammad Mahdi Hajhashemkhani, Javad Sadeghi Azizkhani","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02422-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02422-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing power consumption and improving the output quality of the devices are the most critical challenges in electronic technologic. These concerns amplify when facing a widely used device such as amplifier. In this paper, a new structure is proposed for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) class-D audio amplifier. The proposed structure utilizes a novel filter to improve the output quality. In addition, some modifications have been applied to enhance the power stage performances. The proposed architecture is simulated using MATLAB. The simulation results indicate that efficiency, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and output power are 97%, 0.001, and 80<sup>W</sup>, respectively. The comparison indicates that the proposed PWM class-D audio amplifier has advantages compared to other PWM class-D audio amplifiers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ehsan Kalanaki, Behzad Ebrahimi, Mohammad Ali Pourmina
{"title":"Majority voting for low power and low complexity preamble detection by hybrid memristor-CMOS architecture","authors":"Ehsan Kalanaki, Behzad Ebrahimi, Mohammad Ali Pourmina","doi":"10.1007/s10470-025-02413-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10470-025-02413-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In modern embedded systems, efficient and low-power communication is essential, especially as these systems increasingly handle concurrent wireless protocols. Preamble detection is a critical step in synchronizing received signals after demodulation, yet traditional methods—such as correlation and Hamming distance techniques—suffer from high power consumption and computational complexity. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel majority voting-based pattern recognition method that enhances detection accuracy while reducing energy consumption. By leveraging majority voting, our approach mitigates noise effects and improves signal robustness, enabling more efficient preamble detection across varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The proposed method is implemented in both CMOS-based and hybrid memristor-CMOS architectures, where the hybrid design incorporates dedicated complementary circuits to further optimize power efficiency and reduce silicon area utilization. Unlike conventional CMOS-only implementations, our hybrid approach reduces redundant computations and enhances energy efficiency, making it well-suited for resource-constrained applications. Performance evaluation demonstrates significant improvements over existing techniques, highlighting the potential of memristor-CMOS hybrid technology in low-power, high-speed communication systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7827,"journal":{"name":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}