Amino Acids最新文献

{"title":"Effects of l-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6: Vit-C) on collagen amino acids: DFT study","authors":"Uliana Y. Chugaeva,&nbsp;Mahmoud Raouf,&nbsp;Natalia S. Morozova,&nbsp;Leila Mahdavian","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03339-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03339-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vitamin C plays a very important role in the repair of connective tissue, especially for sports whose training causes the most damage to this tissue. Therefore, many people believe that L-ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆: vitamin C) reduces the recovery time between sports exercises. The most abundant form of structural protein in the body is collagen. Collagen is characterized by a high concentration of the three amino acids glycine (Gly), proline (Pro), and hydroxyproline (Hyp), which creates its characteristic triple helix structure. Therefore, in this study, the effect of vitamin C presence on the sequence, interaction, and orientation of amino acids for collagen formation is investigated using computational simulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of vitamin C in terms of thermodynamics and structure of the reaction. The calculations are performed using density function theory (DFT) by the base set of B3LYP/6-311++G (p,d). The results show that the presence of vitamin C is effective in the formation of collagen protein for this interaction and the mechanism of amino acid sequence (Gly-Hyp-Pro) is better in the formation of collagen protein in the presence of vitamin C. The presence of Vit-C in the formation and direction of hydroxyproline (Hyp) causes its separation from the prolyl 5-hydroxylase enzyme. In the absence of vitamin C, the reaction stops at this stage and proline cannot be converted into hydroxyproline. The computational data shows vitamin C prevents unwanted interactions and directs amino acid reactions to repair connective tissue (collagen). Therefore, vitamin C acts as a cofactor in the Prolyl 5-Hydroxylase enzyme and causes it to convert proline to hydroxyl.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An amino acid mixture, enriched with Krebs cycle intermediates, enhances extracellular matrix gene expression in cultured human fibroblasts","authors":"Maurizio Ragni,&nbsp;Luca Canciani,&nbsp;Letizia Spataro,&nbsp;Chiara Ruocco,&nbsp;Alessandra Valerio,&nbsp;Enzo Nisoli","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03340-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03340-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the human body, the skin is one of the organs most affected by the aging process. Nutritional approaches aimed to counteract the age-induced decline of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition could be a valuable tool to decrease the degenerative processes underlying skin aging. Here, we investigated the ability of a six-amino acid plus hyaluronic acid (6AAH) formulation enriched with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates to stimulate ECM gene expression. To this aim, human BJ fibroblasts were treated with 6AAH alone or plus succinate or malate alone or succinate plus malate (6AAHSM), and mRNA levels of several ECM markers were evaluated. 6AAHSM increased the expression of all the ECM markers significantly above 6AAH alone or plus only succinate or malate. Furthermore, in an in vitro oxidative damage model, 6AAHSM blunted the hydrogen peroxide-induced decline in ECM gene expression. Our data suggest that feeding cells with 6AAH enriched with TCAs could efficiently be employed as a non-pharmacological approach for counteracting skin aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-023-03340-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41101916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium pyruvate improves the plasma amino acid profile in rats with l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis","authors":"Anastasiia M. Zub,&nbsp;Roman D. Ostapiv,&nbsp;Bohdan O. Manko,&nbsp;Volodymyr V. Manko","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03324-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03324-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma amino acid levels are altered upon many pathological conditions including acute pancreatitis. It is unclear whether amino acids can be used as specific biomarker of acute pancreatitis severity or recovery. Development of acute pancreatitis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased cytosolic ATP level. Sodium pyruvate is considered as a potential treatment of pancreatitis due to its ability to sustain mitochondrial oxidative and ATP-productive capacity in vitro. This study investigated the effect of sodium pyruvate on pancreatic morphology and plasma amino acid levels in rats with acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis in rats was induced by administration of <span>l</span>-arginine (5 g/kg) Experimental treatment group received sodium pyruvate (1 g/kg) for 4 days. On day 8 of the experiment, animals were killed, blood was collected and plasma amino acid concentration was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Histological examination showed large areas of fibrosis in the pancreas of animals treated with <span>l</span>-arginine irrespectively of sodium pyruvate administration. Sodium pyruvate improved the plasma amino acid levels. Rats with acute pancreatitis had significantly lower levels of most essential and non-essential amino acids and increased glutamate and aspartate in plasma. Administration of sodium pyruvate completely or partially restored the levels of methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate, asparagine and ornithine levels, while increasing glutamine and serine to levels significantly higher than control. Plasma lysine, alanine, arginine and taurine remained unaffected in all experimental groups. Sodium pyruvate may be considered for use as a maintenance therapy in acute pancreatitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular binding mechanism and novel antidiabetic and anti-hypertensive bioactive peptides from fermented camel milk with anti-inflammatory activity in raw macrophages cell lines","authors":"Pratik Shukla,&nbsp;Amar Sakure,&nbsp;Bethsheba Basaiawmoit,&nbsp;Ruchita Khakhariya,&nbsp;Ruchika Maurya,&nbsp;Mahendra Bishnoi,&nbsp;Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi,&nbsp;Zhenbin Liu,&nbsp;Srichandan Padhi,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Subrota Hati","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03335-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03335-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The investigation was to determine the effect of camel milk fermented with <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> KGL4 (MTCC 25515) on ACE-inhibiting, anti-inflammatory, and diabetes-preventing properties and also to release the novel peptides with antidiabetic and anti-hypertensive attributes with molecular interaction studies. Growth conditions were optimised on the basis of total peptide production by inoculating the culture in camel milk at different rates (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%) along with different incubation periods (12, 24, 36, and 48 h). However, after 48 h of fermentation with a 2.5% rate of inoculum, the highest proteolytic activity was obtained. Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to calculate the % Rpa from permeates of 3 kDa and 10 kDa fractions. Molecular weight distributions of fermented and unfermented camel milk protein fractions were compared using SDS-PAGE. Spots obtained from 2D gel electrophoresis were separated on the basis of pH and molecular weight. Spots obtained from 2D gel were digested with trypsin, and the digested samples were subjected to RP-LC/MS for the generation of peptide sequences. The inhibition of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 during fermentation was studied using RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the study, fermented camel milk with KGL4 (CMKGL4) inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) by the murine macrophages. The results showed that the peptide structures (YLEELHRLNK and YLQELYPHSSLKVRPILK) exhibited considerable binding affinity against hPAM and hMGA during molecular interaction studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41095246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not enhance lean tissue accretion in low birth weight neonatal pigs, despite lower Sestrin2 expression in skeletal muscle","authors":"Joseph A. Yonke,&nbsp;Kacie A. Seymour,&nbsp;Samer W. El-Kadi","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03319-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03319-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postnatal muscle growth is impaired in low birth weight (L) neonatal pigs. Leucine supplementation has been established as a dietary intervention to enhance muscle growth in growing animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of supplementing L neonatal pig formulas with branched-chain amino acids (B) to enhance the rate of protein accretion. Twenty-four 3-day old pigs were divided into two groups low (L) and normal birth weight (N) based on weight at birth. Pigs were assigned to a control (C) or 1% branched-chain amino acids (B) formulas, and fed at 250 mL·kg body weight ⁻¹·d⁻¹ for 28 d. Body weight of pigs in the L group was less than those in the N group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). However, fractional body weight was greater for L pigs compared with their N siblings from day 24 to 28 of feeding regardless of formula (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). In addition, feed efficiency (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and efficiently of protein accretion (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) were greater for L than N pigs regardless of supplementation. Pigs fed the B formula had greater plasma leucine, isoleucine, and valine concentrations compared with those fed the C formula (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Longissimus dorsi Sestrin2 protein expression was less for pigs in the L group compared with those in the N group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), but did not result in a corresponding increase in translation initiation signaling. Longissimus dorsi mRNA expression of <i>BCAT2</i> was less for LB pigs compared with those in the LC group, and was intermediate for NC and NB pigs (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Hepatic mRNA expression of <i>BCKDHA</i> was greater for pigs in the L compared with those in the N groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, plasma branched-chain keto-acid concentration was reduced for C compared with those in the B group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that branched-chain amino acid supplementation does not improve lean tissue accretion of low and normal birth weight pigs, despite a reduction in Sestrin2 expression in skeletal muscle of low birth weight pigs. The modest improvement in fractional growth rate of low birth weight pigs compared with their normal birth weight siblings was likely due to a more efficient dietary protein utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41101386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of insulin resistance on extracellular BCAA accumulation and SLC25A44 expression in a myotube model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance","authors":"Caroline N. Rivera,&nbsp;Rachel M. Watne,&nbsp;Andrew J. Wommack,&nbsp;Roger A. Vaughan","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03336-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03336-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insulin resistance is often accompanied by elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). We investigated the effects of insulin resistance on the mitochondrial BCAA transporter, SLC25A44, using a myotube model of insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity and SLC25A44 expression were assessed via Western blot. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate extracellular BCAA media content. Insulin resistance reduced pAkt activation following insulin stimulation but did not alter SLC25A44 expression. Under select conditions, insulin resistance led to the accumulation of extracellular BCAA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41102999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiling of amino acids study reveals a distinct diagnostic model for diabetic kidney disease","authors":"Jiao Wang,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhou,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Zhangsuo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03330-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03330-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major cause of mortality in patients. However, identifying circulatory markers to diagnose DKD requires a thorough understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of DKD. In this study, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to reveal altered metabolic profiles of amino acids (AAs) in patients with DKD. We found decreased plasma levels of histidine and valine, increased urine levels of proline, decreased urine levels of histidine and valine, and increased saliva levels of arginine in patients with DKD compared with the levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in healthy controls. Our analyses of the key metabolites and metabolic enzymes involved in histidine and valine metabolism indicated that the AAs level alterations may be due to enhanced carnosine hydrolysis, decreased degradation of homocarnosine and anserine, enhanced histidine methylation, and systemic enhancement of valine metabolism in patients with DKD. Notably, we generated a distinct diagnostic model with an AUC of 0.957 and an accuracy up to 92.2% on the basis of the AA profiles in plasma, urine and saliva differing in patients with DKD using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses. In conclusion, our results suggest that altered AA metabolic profiles are associated with the progression of DKD. Our DKD diagnostic model on the basis of AA levels in plasma, urine, and saliva may provide a theoretical basis for innovative strategies to diagnose DKD that may replace cumbersome kidney biopsies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-023-03330-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of chemical modifications on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of helical amphipathic peptide Lasioglossin LL-III","authors":"Hai Bui Thi Phuong,&nbsp;Chi Le Uyen,&nbsp;Hoa Doan Ngan,&nbsp;Huy Luong Xuan","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03326-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect venom is abundant in potential antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which can serve as novel alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Among them, <b>Lasioglossin III</b> <b>LL-III</b>) is a promising candidate with a broad spectrum against many fungi strains and both types of bacteria, whereas almost non-toxic to red blood cells. Many chemical approaches have been recently applied to improve its pharmacological properties and provide useful information regarding structure–activity relationships. Hence, this review focused on highlighting the lesson learned from each modification and supporting the future design of potent, selective, and metabolically stable AMPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shuttle between arginine and lysine: influence on cancer immunonutrition","authors":"R. Sindhu,&nbsp;M. Supreeth,&nbsp;Shashanka K. Prasad,&nbsp;M. Thanmaya","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03327-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03327-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amino acids which are essential nutrients for all cell types’ survival are also recognised to serve as opportunistic/alternative fuels in cancers auxotrophic for specific amino acids. Accordingly, restriction of amino acids has been utilised as a therapeutic strategy in these cancers. Contrastingly, amino acid deficiencies in cancer are found to greatly impair immune functions, increasing mortality and morbidity rates. Dietary and supplemental amino acids in such conditions have revealed their importance as ‘immunonutrients’ by modulating cellular homeostasis processes and halting malignant progression. L-arginine specifically has attracted interest as an immunonutrient by acting as a nodal regulator of immune responses linked to carcinogenesis processes through its versatile signalling molecule, nitric oxide (NO). The quantum of NO generated directly influences the cytotoxic and cytostatic processes of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. However, L-lysine, a CAT transporter competitor for arginine effectively limits arginine input at high L-lysine concentrations by limiting arginine-mediated effects. The phenomenon of arginine–lysine antagonism can, therefore, be hypothesised to influence the immunonutritional effects exerted by arginine. The review highlights aspects of lysine’s interference with arginine-mediated NO generation and its consequences on immunonutritional and anti-cancer effects, and discusses possible alternatives to manage the condition. However, further research that considers monitoring lysine levels in arginine immunonutritional therapy is essential to conclude the hypothesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41108126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma metabolic characteristics in patients with acne and insulin resistance","authors":"Qingqing He,&nbsp;Huiling Shu,&nbsp;Yu Peng,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Juan Zhao,&nbsp;Xia Xiong,&nbsp;Changqiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s00726-023-03320-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-023-03320-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence, diverse clinical manifestations, poor clinical efficacy, and easy recurrence. Recent studies have found that the occurrence of acne is related to metabolic factors such as insulin resistance; however, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to identify significantly different metabolites and related metabolic pathways in the serum of acne vulgaris patients with or without insulin resistance. LC–MS/MS was used to analyze serum samples from patients about acne with insulin resistance (<i>n</i> = 51) and acne without insulin resistance (<i>n</i> = 69) to identify significant metabolites and metabolic pathways. In this study, 18 significant differential metabolites were screened for the first time. In the positive-ion mode, the upregulated substances were creatine, sarcosine, <span>D</span>-proline, uracil, Phe–Phe, <span>L</span>-pipecolic acid, and <span>DL</span>-phenylalanine; the downregulated substances were tridecanoic acid (tridecylic acid), <span>L</span>-lysine, cyclohexylamine, sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0), gamma-<span>L</span>-Glu-epsilon-<span>L</span>-Lys, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine. In the negative-ion mode, the upregulated substance was cholesterol sulfate, and the downregulated substances were <span>D</span>(-)-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, myristic acid, <span>D</span>-galacturonic acid, and dihydrothymine. Cholesterol sulfate showed the most significant expression among all differential metabolites (VIP = 7.3411). Based on the KEGG database, necroptosis and ABC transporters were the most significantly enriched metabolic pathways in this experiment. The differential metabolites and pathways identified in this study may provide new possibilities for the clinical diagnosis and development of targeted drugs for acne patients with insulin resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}