Ancient Science of Life最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of ayurvedic clinical trials registered in clinical trials registry of india: retrospective versus prospective registration","authors":"P. Bolshete","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_44_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_44_17","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Registration of clinical trials is recommended at or before the first participant enrolment. There is limited data available on the registration of Ayurvedic clinical trials in Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI). Aim: The aim of this analysis was to determine the proportion of retrospectively and prospectively registered Ayurvedic clinical trials in CTRI. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of Ayurvedic clinical trials registered in CTRI. List of trials registered in CTRI was accessed from 2012 to 2016 (n= 4713; last accessed on 21 June 2016) and screened to identify Ayurvedic trials. Other AYUSH trials were excluded from the analysis. Following data was collected - registration type (retrospective/prospective), study site (state), postgraduate thesis (yes/no), type of trial (interventional/observational), and study design. Data was summarized using summary statistics. Results: A total of 507 (10.8%) Ayurvedic trials were included in this analysis. The registration of Ayurvedic clinical trials increased from 9.3% (2012) to 19.9% (2016). Of 507 trials, 373 (73.6%) were registered retrospectively and remaining 134 (26.4%) were registered prospectively. A total of 277 trials were part of postgraduate theses (220 retrospective; 57 prospective) and 229 were not (152 retrospective; 77 prospective); 481 trials were interventional (357 retrospective; 124 prospective); 320 were randomized (236 retrospective; 84 prospective). The 507 trials had 686 sites, highest being in Gujarat (38.3%), followed by Maharashtra (19.2%), and Karnataka (10.1%). Conclusions: Results from this study showed that majority of Ayurvedic clinical trials have been registered retrospectively, however there is increase in prospective registration. More than half of the study sites of CTRI registered trials were located in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka reflecting limited registration in other parts of India.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"37 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Integrative Naturopathy and Yoga in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension.","authors":"A Mooventhan,&nbsp;Geetha B Shetty","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_80_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_80_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 54-year old married woman was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in 2002, essential hypertension in 2008, type-2 diabetes in 2011 and gangrene over 2^nd toe of right foot. She underwent conventional management in private hospitals. Her symptoms, began with moderate to severe pain associated with swelling, stiffness (more in the morning) in multiple joints especially over small joints. In July-2014 she visited our college hospital with the complaints of pain, mild swelling and stiffness over multiple joints associated with poor quality of sleep (QOS) and quality of life (QOL). Subject received integrative Naturopathy and Yoga therapies (INYT) with conventional medicine daily for 10-days. After 10-days, improvements in pain, blood sugar, depression, anxiety, stress, QOS, QOL, blood analysis with normal blood pressure (BP) was observed. This suggests that INYT could be considered as an adjuvant to conventional medicine in RA associated with type-2 diabetes and essential hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 3","pages":"163-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5566828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35322809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of Hygrophila Schulli seed extracts for antistress activity","authors":"D. Kannur, Srikrishna Nandanwadkar, Swapnil Dhawane, S. Phulambrikar, K. Khandelwal","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_191_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_191_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stress is the causative factor for various diseases and disorders faced by majority of the diseased population. The seeds of Kokilākṣa Hygrophila schulli are attributed with Rasāyana properties as per the Ayurvedic literature. Considering the above, the seed extracts of H. schulli were screened for antistress activity in animals. Aim: To investigate the adaptogenic activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts of Hygrophila schulli seeds using in vivo models. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic and hexane extracts of Hygrophila schulli were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis to detect the presence of various phytoconstituents. The extracts were subjected HPLC analysis. The chromatographic analysis was carried out which revealed the multicomponent and complex nature of the extracts. The seed extracts of H. schulli were screened for antistress activity using Swim Endurance test in mice and Cold-Immobilization Stress model in rats to ascertain the Adaptogenic potential. Results: HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoid Quercetin, the ethanolic and hexane extracts were found to increase the swim endurance time, both extracts lowered the elevated blood glucose, cholesterol as well as triglyceride levels in cold immobilization stress model and maintained normal homeostasis. Conclusion: Hygrophila schulli enhances the physical endurance as well as normalizes the body imbalance due to stressors. The seeds of Hygrophila schulli thus possess adaptogenic property.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"37 1","pages":"31 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnopharmacological based Evaluation of <i>Anogeissus pendula</i> Edgew Extracts for Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential.","authors":"Deeksha Singh,&nbsp;Uttam Singh Baghel,&nbsp;Manmeet Singh Pannu,&nbsp;Rakesh Yadav","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_219_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_219_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Anogeissus pendula</i> has various reported ethnomedicinal uses and is reported to contain phenolic compounds which have antioxidant potential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant potential and <i>in vivo</i> hepatoprotective activity along with the oxidative stress parameters of stem bark and leaves of <i>Anogeissus pendula</i> for the first time.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Albino rats were divided into seven groups of six animals each. Healthy control (Group I) and toxic control (Group II) received the vehicle. Group III, IV, V, VI and VII were treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight, orally) and two hydro-alcoholic extracts i.e., APB (stem bark) and APL (leaves) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b. w., orally, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was induced by allyl alcohol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Albino Wistar rats of either sex between 8-12 weeks old were used. The plant parts were collected from Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan, India) and extracted with hydro-alcoholic solvent to get two extracts i.e., APB (stem bark) and APL (leaves) which were investigated for the <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant potential through DPPH radical and H₂O₂ scavenging assay along with <i>in vivo</i> hepatoprotective potential through allyl alcohol induced hepatotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Statistical comparisons between different groups were done by using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>APB showed more potent activity than APL in case of <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant potential with IC₅₀ of 44.29 μg/ml in DPPH radical scavenging activity and 53.09 μg/ml in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Both the extracts revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials in a dose dependent manner but more significant results were obtained in case of APB at 400 mg/kg. More amounts of phytoconstituents might be the reason behind the more significant activity of extract of stem bark than that of the leaves.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 3","pages":"136-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5566824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35322804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognostic evaluation of stem bark and leaves of Anogeissus pendula Edgew","authors":"Deeksha Singh, M. S. Pannu, K. S. Nama, U. Baghel, R. Yadav","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_33_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_33_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anogeissus pendula Edgew has ethnomedicinal importance in various parts of India. It is used in diarrhoea, dysentery, cough, wound healing, burns, skin diseases and gastric disorder. No attempts have been made regarding pharmacognostic investigation of the plant till date. Aim: The present study aimed to perform the pharmacognostic study of leaf and stem bark of Anogeissus pendula Edgew. Settings and Design: The study was designed in accordance with standard procedures. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostic studies viz. organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and chromatographic fingerprinting on fresh and dried plant parts along with the hydroalcoholic extracts were conducted. Results and Conclusions: A. pendula has dorsiventral oblanceolate to obovate leaves arranged in opposite pairs while the stem bark has rough appearance and ash to greyish white in colour. Leaves have anomocytic type of stomata. The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed to be epidermal cells, palisade and spongy parenchyma, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem cells. Stem bark microscopy revealed the presence of periderm, secondary cortex and secondary phloem. Chromatographic fingerprinting of extracts showed the presence of flavonoids (Rutin and Quercetin) and they were quantified. Rutin was found to be 6.23% w/w in leaves and 9.97% w/w in stem bark extract while Quercetin to be 27.29% w/w and 51.62% respectively. The present study evaluated various pharmacognostic parameters which will help in quality control (standardization) of A. pendula Edgew in crude form, in herbal formulations and also aid in the preparation of an herbal monograph for the species.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"37 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Taila Dāha</i> (Cauterization with Oil) an Innovative Approach in Pilonidal Sinus.","authors":"Rabinarayan Tripathy,&nbsp;Neelima Sherly John,&nbsp;Sreedevi Vijayalekshmi,&nbsp;Nj Anuja Nair,&nbsp;Suresh Pasupalan","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_30_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_30_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Summary</b>: Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory track in mid gluteal cleft usually associated with hairs with an incidence rate of twenty six per one lakh population. It is more prevalently seen in the natal cleft of hairy middle aged obese, males. Such type of non-healing tracts may be considered as <i>Nāḍivraṇa</i> (Sinuses) and can either be treated by the conventional <i>Kṣārasūtra</i> (medicated seton) therapy or contemporary treatment methods. Irrespective of whatsoever management protocol adopted, it inevitably needs long term hospitalisation and is associated with complications. A case of a 28 year old male patient, presenting with pain (within tolerable limits) in the natal cleft and frequent occurrence of a pustule which burst out spontaneously on and off, diagnosed as pilonidal sinus (<i>nāḍi vraṇa</i>) was treated with excision of tract and <i>Tailadāha</i> (thermal cauterization with hot oil) with a combination of <i>yaṣṭimadhu taila</i> and powdered Copper Sulphate (CuSO₄). Good haemostasis and uneventful wound healing with a minimally invasive and cost effective treatment was the outcome of study. This study represents an innovative treatment modality in pilonidal sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 2","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34945719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Various <i>Prāṇāyāma</i> on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Variables.","authors":"L Nivethitha, A Mooventhan, N K Manjunath","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_178_16","DOIUrl":"10.4103/asl.ASL_178_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular functions are controlled by neural factors, temperature, hormones, etc., Of these, neural factors primarily concern the autonomic nervous system, which plays a major role in maintaining and regulating cardiac functions, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate. <i>Prāṇāyāma</i> is one of the most important yogic practices. There are various review articles on Yoga and its effects but, though <i>Prāṇāyāma</i> is a part of yoga, there is lack of review articles. To the best of our knowledge there is no known review article on effect of various <i>Prāṇāyāma</i> on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. To provide a general overview about the effect of various <i>prāṇāyāma</i> (breathing techniques) on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. A narrative review was performed based on the available scientific literature. An electronic data search was performed in Medline/PubMed database to review relevant articles, using keywords such as \"<i>Prāṇāyāma</i>, Yogic breathing techniques, Unilateral nostril breathing, Alternate nostril breathing, <i>Kapalbhati</i>, <i>Bhastrika</i> and <i>Bhramari Pranayama</i>\". All the relevant articles published from 1988 to 06-04-2016 were included in this review. Slow type of yogic breathing technique was reported to produce beneficial effect on cardiovascular and autonomic variables while fast breathing techniques do not produce such effects. There is lack of consistency in the results of specific nostril yogic breathing techniques and the mechanisms behind the effects of various <i>prāṇāyāma</i>. This review suggests that different types of <i>Prāṇāyāma</i> techniques produce different effects and the mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 2","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34946308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic and Mechanistic Review on the Phytopharmacological Properties of <i>Alhagi</i> Species.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Asghari,&nbsp;Marjan Fallah,&nbsp;Milad Moloudizargari,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mehdikhani,&nbsp;Peyman Sepehrnia,&nbsp;Bigard Moradi","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_37_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_37_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alhagi</i> species are well known in Iran (locally known as <i>Khar Shotor</i>) and other parts of Asia as a popular folk medicine. Recent research has shown extensive pharmacological effects of these species. This paper is a comprehensive review of the phytopharmacological effects and traditional uses of <i>Alhagi</i> species and their active constituents with special attention to the responsible mechanisms, effective dosages and routes of administration. The Alhagi species studied in this paper include: <i>A. maurorum</i>, <i>A. camelorum</i>, <i>A. persarum</i>, <i>A. pseudoalhagi</i>, and <i>A. kirgisorum</i>. In order to include all the up to date data, the authors went through several databases including the Web of Science, Embase, etc. The findings were critically reviewed and sorted on the basis of relevance to the topic. Tables have been used to clearly present the ideas and discrepancies were settled through discussion. <i>Alhagi</i> species have significant biomedical properties which can be exploited in clinical use. Proantocyanidin isolated from <i>A. pseudoalhagi</i> has significant biochemical effects on blood factors. Among <i>Alhagi</i> species, <i>A. camelorum</i> and <i>A. maurorum</i> possess the highest anti-microbial activity. Most of the effects observed with <i>A. maurorum</i> are dose-dependent. This paper indicates with emphasis that <i>Alhagi</i> species are safe and rich sources of biologically active compounds with low toxicity. Since DNA damage has been observed following the ingestion of specific concentrations of <i>A. pseudalhagi</i>, care should be taken during administration of the plant for therapeutic use. Further studies are required to confirm the safety and quality of these plants to be used by clinicians as therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 2","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34946310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of <i>Hiṅgvādi Ghṛta</i> in Behavioral Despair Using Animal Models.","authors":"Poonam Ashish Gupte,&nbsp;Jayshree Dawane,&nbsp;Asmita Ashish Wele","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_78_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_78_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Depression, a sustained mood disorder caused by selective diminution of specialized cells in brain is increasing at an alarming rate. It will be the second largest morbid illness by next decade and is the leading cause of suicidal deaths. The available antidepressant medications benefit only a third of its recipients and have many side effects. Hence, it is imperative to search in Ayurveda for leads.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate Anti- depressant activity of <i>Hiṅgvādi Ghṛta <i>in vivo</i></i> .</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Comparative preclinical study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>Hiṅgvādi Ghṛta</i> (HG) was prepared using standard operating procedure, physicochemically analyzed and assessed. Tail Suspension Test (TST) model with Swiss albino mice and Forced Swim Test (FST) model with Wistar albino rats were used to assess anti-depressant activity. Imipramine hydrochloride in dose of 15 mg/kg for TST and 10 mg/kg for FST, was the standard drug and <i>Ghee</i> as vehicle control in dose of 0.1g/20g for TST and 0.72g/200g for FST orally. <i>Hiṅgvādi Ghṛta</i> in doses of 0.05g/20g (x/2), 0.1g/20g (x) and 0.2 g/20g (2x) for TST and 0.36g/200g (x/2), 0.72g/200g (x) and 1.44g/200g (2x) for FST was administered to 3 test groups for 21 days orally except Plain control group which received only distilled water. Duration of immobility in seconds for TST and number of rotations for FST were noted for assessment.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>One way ANOVA followed by Dunnets test and Paired <i>t</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HG was significantly effective at dose of 0.1gm/20gm for TST (<i>P</i> = 0.0037; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and 0.72g/200g for FST (<i>P</i> = 0.0055, <i>P</i> < 0.01) comparable to Imipramine hydrochloride.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HG displayed potent anti depressant activity comparable to standard drug Imipramine Hydrochloride.</p>","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 2","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34946312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Translational Framework of Ayurveda as a Knowledge System.","authors":"P Ram Manohar","doi":"10.4103/asl.ASL_49_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/asl.ASL_49_17","url":null,"abstract":"© 2017 Ancient Science of Life | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Translational research applies findings from basic science to enhance human health and well‐being. In the context of medical research, findings in basic research are to be translated into medical practice that will lead to meaningful health outcomes. In spite of translational research being a buzz word, it is not clearly defined.","PeriodicalId":7805,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Science of Life","volume":"36 2","pages":"59-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34946306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}