Shock Waves最新文献_第2页

In memoriam Professor Walter Garen (1940–2025) 纪念沃尔特·加伦教授（1940-2025）

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01277-1

U. Teubner, W. Neu, S. Koch

引用次数: 0

A global four-step combustion modelling strategy for hydrogen and blends of hydrogen and natural gas 氢和氢与天然气混合物的全球四步燃烧建模策略

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01275-3

B. Maxwell, R. Murugesan, S. Miri, V. Premnath, D. Rajagopalan Kannan, J. Jeevarajan

{"title":"A global four-step combustion modelling strategy for hydrogen and blends of hydrogen and natural gas","authors":"B. Maxwell, R. Murugesan, S. Miri, V. Premnath, D. Rajagopalan Kannan, J. Jeevarajan","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01275-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01275-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we extended a global four-step combustion modelling approach to include the combustion of fuel blends involving hydrogen and methane. We were able to address key difficulties in the calibration process as the fuel blend ratio approached that of pure hydrogen–oxygen combustion. The first challenge involved solving the system of equations that determines the equilibrium state of the global species, while enforcing appropriate physical bounds on the solution. The second challenge was to develop a strategy to prevent endothermic reactions from occurring during the production of one of the product groups. Upon addressing these challenges, a model was developed that matched the ignition delay times and induction to reaction time ratios when compared to detailed chemistry. Moreover, the detonation velocities were recovered across the entire range of fuel blend ratios. Finally, two-dimensional simulations were carried out for stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen, diluted with argon, and undiluted blended hydrogen–methane–oxygen. For the hydrogen–oxygen mixture, we found that the four-step combustion modelling approach was more than six times as fast to compute and captured the same cellular structure as its detailed chemistry counterpart. However, the real savings were achieved for the blended mixture, where the four-step combustion modelling approach was found to be more than forty times faster compared to using a detailed chemical mechanism that included hydrocarbon combustion. The proposed strategy thus presents a novel approach to simulate the combustion of blended fuels, where the application of detailed chemistry models may be too prohibitive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study on the attenuation of blast waves propagating through sand in a vertical shock tube 垂直激波管中爆震波在沙土中传播的衰减研究

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01273-5

S. Paunikar, S. K. Mondal, C. S. Kumar, G. Jagadeesh

{"title":"A study on the attenuation of blast waves propagating through sand in a vertical shock tube","authors":"S. Paunikar, S. K. Mondal, C. S. Kumar, G. Jagadeesh","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01273-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01273-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the attenuation behaviour of naturally available river sand subjected to blast waves created using a vertical shock tube in a laboratory setting using compressed helium gas is studied. Among the number of granular media, river sand is commonly used to protect critical installations against devastating ground vibrations caused due to blast waves. It is crucial to note that the attenuation behaviour of soil in general is site specific and that full-scale field experiments are conventionally carried out to obtain the ground shock parameters like peak pressure and their attenuation along propagation distance, which are time-consuming, are expensive, and have significant environmental impact. In comparison, the vertical shock tube used here not only reduces the experimental time, costs, and risks involved but also ensures the repeatability of tests and reduction in sensor damage. The attenuation behaviour of the peak pressure in a sand column in a test chamber, at low, medium, and high relative density values, subjected to blast waves of varying intensities and decay times is studied presently. It is observed that the peak pressures measured at various locations in the sand column and peak overpressure in the air just above the free surface of the sand sample attenuate exponentially. It is also observed that the attenuation of blast wave is more pronounced for sand samples with medium relative density (43% RD) as compared to low (25% RD) and high relative densities (67.5% RD) considered in this work. It is postulated that particle interlocking primarily governs the attenuation of blast waves at lower relative densities, while the collapse of void volume governs it at higher relative densities, and a combination of the two leads to slightly higher attenuation in medium relative density sand samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-order Eulerian sharp interface numerical techniques for micro- to macro-scale simulation of shocked energetic materials 高阶欧拉锐界面数值技术在冲击含能材料微观到宏观尺度模拟中的应用

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01270-8

C. Okafor, P. K. Seshadri, S. Roy, H. S. Udaykumar

{"title":"High-order Eulerian sharp interface numerical techniques for micro- to macro-scale simulation of shocked energetic materials","authors":"C. Okafor, P. K. Seshadri, S. Roy, H. S. Udaykumar","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01270-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01270-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energetic materials (EMs) are multi-phase, multi-material mixtures in which reactive breakdown can occur with large heat release over short time scales. Eulerian frameworks for the simulation of compressible flow in heterogeneous EM must handle fast transients, and severe interfacial deformations that can occur as a shock wave traverse the material. The shock may also transition to a detonation wave, further exacerbating the complexity and challenges for simulation techniques. Previous simulation approaches have employed low-order numerical methods or diffuse interfaces to handle the high gradients and large material deformations. In this work, high-order numerical discretization and sharp interface treatments are combined to produce a high-fidelity modeling and simulation capability to accurately capture the reactive flow physics of EM at micro-, meso-, and macro-scales. Issues of stability and computational cost of the high-order scheme when implemented in concert with sharp interface treatments are addressed. The methodology is then applied to demonstrate the impact of high-accuracy simulations at the micro-scale: to calculate the hotspot ignition and growth due to the collapse of a micron-sized pore. Meso-scale simulations of shock-induced hotspot evolution in microstructures of neat-pressed (two-phase) EM show that the accuracy of the techniques significantly impacts the calculation of energy localization rates, which are used as closure models at the macro-scale. Finally, we show the ability of the methods to produce accurate simulations of macro-scale systems where shock-to-detonation transition occurs, requiring high accuracy in capturing the dynamics of curved detonation fronts interacting with embedded boundaries. This work establishes approaches toward solving a wide range of thermophysics problems that will be needed for the accurate design of systems operating on EM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-026-01270-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflected-shock bifurcation measurements for varied axial locations 不同轴向位置的反射冲击分岔测量

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01271-7

C. Kinney, J. Urso, M. Pierro, J. McGaunn, S. S. Vasu

{"title":"Reflected-shock bifurcation measurements for varied axial locations","authors":"C. Kinney, J. Urso, M. Pierro, J. McGaunn, S. S. Vasu","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01271-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01271-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shock tubes are highly valuable for elucidating chemical kinetic phenomena in combustion and hypersonic events because they can generate quasi-stagnant, high-enthalpy flow conditions. However, facility-dependent effects, such as shock wave bifurcation, can hamper their usability by perturbing the flow, leaving hot zones, or creating density gradients that disrupt optical diagnostics. Previous literature has investigated shock wave bifurcation as a function of many parameters, excluding the location at which the diagnostics were taken. To that end, shock tube experiments were performed to take reflected-shock bifurcation measurements at varying axial locations (2 cm and 6 cm) from the endwall using a laser schlieren technique and a pressure transducer. Mixture compositions with a wide range of molecular weights (<span>(10.0<{bar{M}}<44.0))</span> and specific heat ratios (<span>(1.29< gamma _{{1}}<1.47))</span> were studied. Incident shock Mach numbers (<span>(2.2< M_{textrm{S}}<4.4))</span> and reflected-shock conditions (<span>(1.7< P_{textrm{5}}<110,{textrm{atm}})</span>, <span>(800< T_{textrm{5}}<2110,textrm{K}))</span> for the experiments also varied widely. Bifurcation measurements were compared with data from other facilities, and an existing correlation for bifurcation height was improved to account for variation in axial location.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suppression of methane/hydrogen/air deflagration by local water mist spray 局部水雾喷雾抑制甲烷/氢气/空气爆燃

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-025-01257-x

A. G. Bekele, B. Zhang, Y. Xia, B. Wang, Z. Siqi, W. Yue

{"title":"Suppression of methane/hydrogen/air deflagration by local water mist spray","authors":"A. G. Bekele, B. Zhang, Y. Xia, B. Wang, Z. Siqi, W. Yue","doi":"10.1007/s00193-025-01257-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-025-01257-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the deflagration suppression process using water mist at different local spray positions in an obstructed, semi-confined duct, multiple experimental conditions were designed. It was observed that water mist positioned before obstacles causes a strong endothermic effect, which reduces the flame temperature and chemical reaction rate, resulting in the appearance of a yellow-colored flame. This yellow flame persists behind the flame front until the flame exits the duct. For water mist positioned between obstacles, heat absorption occurs in the region between and downstream of the obstacles, and the flame color gradually changes to yellow behind the flame front. In contrast, for water mist positioned after obstacles, the interaction time between the flame and the water mist is very short, and the flame color is almost identical to the condition without water mist. Additionally, as the water mist droplet size increased, both the evaporation rate and specific surface area decreased, impairing the mist’s effectiveness in reducing flame temperature and slowing reaction rate. At spray position before obstacles, water mist droplets with an 8-<span>(upmu )</span>m diameter effectively weakened the deflagration parameters, reducing maximum flame velocity, maximum overpressure, maximum overpressure rise rate, and deflagration intensity by 35.9%, 27.3%, 31.7%, and 50.4%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal performance of tapered Hartmann–Sprenger tubes with cylindrical ends 端部为圆柱形的锥形Hartmann-Sprenger管的热性能

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01269-1

S. B. Verma, C. Bauer

{"title":"Thermal performance of tapered Hartmann–Sprenger tubes with cylindrical ends","authors":"S. B. Verma, C. Bauer","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01269-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01269-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experiments were conducted to improve the thermal performance of a tapered Hartmann–Sprenger tube of length-to-diameter ratio 11 by replacing its tapered end section with a cylindrical section. Three modified tapered cavities with cylindrical end sections, having length-to-diameter ratios of 4.1, 6, and 6.85, are studied along with the reference cavity for jet–cavity spacings of 2.19 and 2.58, and nozzle pressure ratios ranging from 8 to 20. Cavities are made of zirconium dioxide (<span>({text {ZrO}}_{{2}})</span>), which allows the local heat release location to be observed distinctly as a glowing spot. Results indicate that varying the end configuration of the tapered cavity primarily increases the amplitude of pressure pulsations, which helps to enhance their thermal performance. The best configuration is the one in which a cylindrical section is added immediately downstream of the heat release location of the original reference tapered cavity. A threefold increase in (i) the maximum end wall temperature and (ii) the rate of heat generation is achieved relative to the reference cavity. The latter is critical in designing a resonator ignitor with the enhanced response time. The jet–cavity resonance phenomenon is studied using a K-type thermocouple and a 1/4\" (6.35-mm) microphone placed at 50 diameters from the jet nozzle exit plane.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of the deflagrative burning on the quenching limits for gaseous hydrogen detonation confined by an inert compressible layer 爆燃对惰性可压缩层限制下气体氢爆轰淬火极限的影响

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01262-8

H. Watanabe, V. Robin, A. Chinnayya

{"title":"Role of the deflagrative burning on the quenching limits for gaseous hydrogen detonation confined by an inert compressible layer","authors":"H. Watanabe, V. Robin, A. Chinnayya","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01262-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01262-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple formulation to model deflagrative burning behind a detonation front was proposed to determine the dynamics near criticality for stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen mixture. Two different combustion mechanisms, auto-ignition and deflagrative burning, were separately activated based on local temperature. When the temperature was below the crossover temperature of the chain-branching reaction <span>(T_{text{ B }})</span>, deflagration was selected. Conversely, an auto-ignition source term was utilized when the local temperature was above <span>(T_{text{ B }})</span>. This study examined the significance of deflagrative burning on the quenching limit for gaseous detonation in a layer of stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen semi-confined by nitrogen. With the inclusion of the deflagrative burning model, the propagation limit was significantly extended and the dynamics of a marginal detonation, i.e., higher velocity deficit compared to that given by Zel’dovich, von Neumann, and Döring model with curvature, was reproduced. The proper mass flux for deflagrative burning to reproduce the quenching limit ranged from one to two times the laminar value at post-shock state relevant to the lowest velocity at the near-limit condition, i.e., near the end of the cell. The contribution of deflagrative burning became more important near the limit (peaks of 30%, with a mean of 15%), whereas it was negligible at the supercritical condition far away from the limit. Therefore, the pivotal role of deflagrative burning in reproducing the dynamics of detonation near the limit was highlighted. In addition, the present finding reinforces the detonation paradox that inviscid simulations predict a different trend from that observed in experiment, as in Radulescu (Combust. Flame 195:151-162, 2018).\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Background-oriented schlieren measurements for gas-detonation-powered pressure relief systems in the free field 自由场气体爆轰减压系统的背景取向纹影测量

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01268-2

M. Gerbeit, H. Seeber, D. Grasse, M. Donner, D. Krentel

{"title":"Background-oriented schlieren measurements for gas-detonation-powered pressure relief systems in the free field","authors":"M. Gerbeit, H. Seeber, D. Grasse, M. Donner, D. Krentel","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01268-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01268-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the application of background-oriented schlieren (BOS) to obtain a quantitative characterization of shock waves from a free-field outdoor pressure relief system. A BOS setup was constructed, and an investigation was carried out to examine the influence of the background. Although critical locations in the natural background were identified, they could not be eliminated due to their large number, so an optimized random dot pattern was used instead. The evaluation method also took into account the intense radiation from the high-enthalpy gas flow. The aim was to visualize the shock wave front and reconstruct the shock wave front overpressure field. To this end, a linear calibration was performed between the optical results and those of the subsidiary pressure sensors. The estimated peak overpressures showed a good agreement with the measured values, with the BOS-based estimates slightly underpredicting the measurements. The maximum observed deviation was 8%. Therefore, this approach allows peak overpressure to be determined even at locations where no physical pressure sensors can be installed due to experimental restrictions, thereby extending the measurement capability of the experimental setup.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-026-01268-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on methane explosion suppression by calcium carbonate powder 碳酸钙粉抑制甲烷爆炸的实验研究

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-026-01267-3

S. Ji, Z. Xu, G. Li, Y. Hu, J. Xu, T. Mai

{"title":"Experimental study on methane explosion suppression by calcium carbonate powder","authors":"S. Ji, Z. Xu, G. Li, Y. Hu, J. Xu, T. Mai","doi":"10.1007/s00193-026-01267-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-026-01267-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas explosions are a major hazard in coal mines, resulting in casualties and economic losses. To investigate the coupled effects of suppressor concentration and particle size on methane explosions, medium-scale explosion tube experiments were conducted using calcium carbonate powders with different particle sizes and concentrations. The effects on flame propagation velocity, explosion pressure, and pressure rise rate were systematically examined. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the particle size distribution, microstructure, and thermochemical behavior of the powders. The results demonstrate that calcium carbonate powder exhibits a pronounced suppression effect on methane explosions. The suppression performance does not increase monotonically with decreasing particle size or increasing concentration, but instead shows a clear particle size–concentration coupling effect. Optimal suppression was achieved at a particle size of 23 <span>(upmu )</span>m and a concentration of 125 <span>(text {g/m}^3)</span>, with a maximum suppression efficiency of 60.7%. The suppression mechanism is attributed to the combined effects of endothermic thermal decomposition, <span>(text {CO}_2)</span>-induced inerting, and physical interference with flame propagation. This study provides experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for the optimized design of calcium carbonate-based explosion suppressants and enhanced mine safety protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0