IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01214-0

S. Lokhande, A. Deshpande

引用次数: 0

Temperature rise and pressure dynamics in the early stages of Hartmann–Sprenger tube operation

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01211-3

Y. Kudo, S. Sawada, N. Itouyama, K. Matsuoka, J. Kasahara

{"title":"Temperature rise and pressure dynamics in the early stages of Hartmann–Sprenger tube operation","authors":"Y. Kudo, S. Sawada, N. Itouyama, K. Matsuoka, J. Kasahara","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01211-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01211-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we focus on the early stages of the Hartmann–Sprenger tube operation in the jet regurgitant mode to investigate three key relationships: (1) between the nozzle dynamic pressure and the start time of temperature rise at the resonance tube end, (2) between the nozzle dynamic pressure and the resonance tube end pressure, and (3) between the distance <i>l</i> from the resonance tube end to the contact surface and the rise in the end gas temperature of the resonance tube. The results showed that the condition for the rise in the resonance tube end gas temperature after the gas jet from the nozzle reached sonic flow was the stabilization of the average fluctuation pressure value at the resonance tube end in conjunction with the nozzle dynamic pressure. At the time of operation stabilization of the Hartmann–Sprenger tube, the average fluctuation pressure at the resonance tube end converged to a constant value almost equal to the nozzle dynamic pressure. This result means that the nozzle dynamic pressure is almost equivalent to the fluctuation pressure at the resonance tube end. Moreover, the distance <i>l</i> did not significantly increase with the resonance tube length <i>L</i> and remained nearly constant. The gas temperature at the resonance tube end obtained from the experimental results generally agreed with the temperature calculated from compression through an adiabatic and isentropic process from <i>L</i> to <i>l</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 2","pages":"169 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-024-01211-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Particle and fluid time scales in a spherical multiphase blast flow

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01207-z

T. Farrukh, R. Houim, D. Guildenbecher, M. Welliver, S. Balachandar

{"title":"Particle and fluid time scales in a spherical multiphase blast flow","authors":"T. Farrukh, R. Houim, D. Guildenbecher, M. Welliver, S. Balachandar","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01207-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01207-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The explosive dispersal of particles is an important problem in multiphase physics and is of considerable interest due to its many applications. Simulations that examine particulate dispersal in such flows have employed a variety of methods, including Euler–Lagrange, Euler–Euler, and dusty gas. The appropriate choice of methodology depends on the balance between accuracy and computational cost. In general, if the particles are very small and tracer-like, a cheaper dusty gas approach will be sufficient. In this paper, we present a series of two-dimensional numerical simulations investigating particle and fluid time scales in the context of the explosive dispersal of particles within a spherical shock-tube problem. Using the timescales, the appropriateness of the equilibrium Eulerian approach in calculating the particle velocity is investigated. With increasing particle inertia, the equilibrium Eulerian approximation offers a good compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency, where the particle velocity becomes an algebraic function of the fluid velocity, acceleration, and particle time scale. Different blast parameters, for which the calculation of particle velocity based solely on the flow acceleration and particle time scale is valid, were studied and presented. Initial particle size, volume fraction, blast pressure, and temperature ratio were varied, and the resulting effects on the particle time scale, fluid time scale, and the Stokes number are presented. It was found that the Stokes number is a valid predictor of the viability of the equilibrium Eulerian approximation. For values of the Stokes number below unity, there was good agreement between the equilibrium Eulerian and the Euler–Euler methods. It was observed that the most significant factor impacting the Stokes number, and consequently, the accuracy of the equilibrium Eulerian approximation, is the particle size.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 1","pages":"57 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical study of viscous effects on the formation of the Mach reflection in a transition from regular reflection 对从常规反射过渡到马赫反射过程中形成的粘性效应的数值研究

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01213-1

G. Shoev, V. Nazarov, M. Timokhin

引用次数: 0

Development of a novel shock tube system to study shock-induced motion of a solid body

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-025-01216-6

M. Oshima, K. Nakayama, Y. Sakamura

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the convergence to steady-state solution with weighted-type finite-difference schemes for the Euler equations

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01204-2

R. Chen, L. Wu, Q. Song, Y. You

{"title":"Comparison of the convergence to steady-state solution with weighted-type finite-difference schemes for the Euler equations","authors":"R. Chen, L. Wu, Q. Song, Y. You","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01204-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01204-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weighted-type finite-difference schemes are a class of widely used nonlinear schemes that can capture strong discontinuities accurately and efficiently. For the Euler equations without source terms, poor convergence of weighted-type schemes is a widely known difficulty in finding steady-state solutions with strong shock waves. The primary reason for this lies in the fact that classical weighted-type schemes produce spurious oscillations near strong discontinuities. Recently, a novel weighted-type scheme has been developed. The nonlinear weights of the new scheme are fourth-order accurate and do not reduce the accuracy at the high-order critical points, which is beneficial for steady-state convergence. In this paper, we compare the convergence performances of classical and new weighted-type schemes in detail. Several benchmark problems containing shock waves, contact discontinuities, and rarefaction waves were used to compare the convergence performance among different weighted-type schemes. The results show that the new weighted-type scheme basically eliminates slight post-shock oscillations, and the residual settles to machine zero. Compared to classical weighted-type schemes, the steady-state convergence performance of the new weighted-type scheme is significantly improved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 1","pages":"89 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement, self-similarity, and TNT equivalence of blasts from exploding wires

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01209-x

A. Morsel, F. Masi, P. Kotronis, I. Stefanou

{"title":"Measurement, self-similarity, and TNT equivalence of blasts from exploding wires","authors":"A. Morsel, F. Masi, P. Kotronis, I. Stefanou","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01209-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01209-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reduced-scale experiments offer a controlled and safe environment for studying the effects of blasts on structures. Traditionally, these experiments rely on the detonation of solid or gaseous explosive mixtures, with only limited understanding of alternative explosive sources. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the blasts produced by exploding aluminum wires for generating shock waves of controlled energy levels. We meticulously design our experiments to ensure a precise quantification of the underlying uncertainties and conduct comprehensive parametric studies. We draw practical relationships of the blast intensity with respect to the stand-off distance and the stored energy levels. The analysis demonstrates self-similarity of blasts with respect to the conventional concept of the scaled distance, a desirable degree of sphericity of the generated shock waves, and high repeatability. Finally, we quantify the equivalence of the reduced-scale blasts from exploding wires with high explosives, including TNT. This experimental setup and the present study demonstrate the high degree of robustness and effectiveness of exploding aluminum wires as a tool for controlled blast generation and reduced-scale structural testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 1","pages":"17 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-024-01209-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the transition between regular and Mach reflections induced by a shock wave–boundary layer interaction

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01210-4

S. Scharnowski, R. Baidya, C. J. Kähler

{"title":"Characterizing the transition between regular and Mach reflections induced by a shock wave–boundary layer interaction","authors":"S. Scharnowski, R. Baidya, C. J. Kähler","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01210-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01210-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Velocity field measurements by means of PIV are used in this work to characterize the flow in a shock wave–boundary layer interaction. For a free-stream Mach number of <span>(M_infty =2.56)</span>, the flow over a flat plate model is deflected by a <span>(16^circ )</span> wedge. For these flow conditions, an unsteady dual-state solution is observed where the shock switches between a regular reflection and a Mach reflection. This non-periodic mode switching is atypical for a shock wave–boundary layer interaction and causes significant changes in the flow field. The PIV measurements enable the Mach number and the flow direction to be determined from the measured velocity. In this way, both the position of the shocks and the flow deflection across the shocks can be reliably identified. Our analysis shows that regular reflection rarely occurs and that Mach reflection with varying Mach stem height is present for about <span>(85%)</span> of the measurement time. We provide evidence here that the transition to regular reflection is related to a temporarily thickening of the boundary layer ahead of the shock interaction, which is caused by the breathing of the separation bubble below the shock interaction. This phenomenon results in compression waves that alter the Mach number and flow direction in the region upstream of the shock system, enabling a momentary transition to a regular reflection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 2","pages":"125 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-024-01210-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geometric stability of detonation propagation in curved channels

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01212-2

X. Shi, R. Hencel, J. Crane, M. Fotia, H. Wang

{"title":"Geometric stability of detonation propagation in curved channels","authors":"X. Shi, R. Hencel, J. Crane, M. Fotia, H. Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01212-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01212-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detonation propagation dynamics in circularly curved channels are investigated using both experimental and geometric modeling approaches. Quasi-two-dimensional curved channels with a range of channel widths and curve radii were tested. Experimentally, three propagation modes were observed: a stable propagation mode featuring a flat detonation front and steady near-CJ propagation, an unstable mode with varying frontal structures and velocity oscillations, and failure to propagate. Experimental data from the current study and those in the literature show that for a given ratio between channel width and detonation cell width, there exists a critical inner-to-outer radius ratio that sets apart the stable and unstable propagation modes. A regime map is proposed in the present work to describe the observed propagation modes. The regime map highlights the competition between the focusing effect of the outer concave boundary (with respect to the transverse waves) and the diverging effect of the inner convex boundary in addition to the effect from the channel-to-cell width ratio. With a reduced channel-to-cell width ratio, the inner-to-outer radius ratio critical to sustained detonation propagation must increase. Geometric modeling results are found to be in agreement with experimental observations. In addition, geometric modeling was used to test channel geometries beyond what has been experimentally tested and to provide a rational explanation for the regime map.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 2","pages":"157 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-024-01212-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An empirical method for modelling the secondary shock from high explosives in the far-field

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-024-01208-y

S. E. Rigby, E. Mendham, D. G. Farrimond, E. G. Pickering, A. Tyas, G. Pezzola

{"title":"An empirical method for modelling the secondary shock from high explosives in the far-field","authors":"S. E. Rigby, E. Mendham, D. G. Farrimond, E. G. Pickering, A. Tyas, G. Pezzola","doi":"10.1007/s00193-024-01208-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-024-01208-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the detonation product cloud from a high explosive detonation expands, an arresting flow is generated at the interface between these products and the surrounding air. Eventually this flow forms an inward-travelling shock wave which coalesces at the origin and reflects outwards as a secondary shock. Whilst this feature is well known and often reported, there remains no established method for predicting the form and magnitude of the secondary shock. This paper details an empirical superposition method for modelling the secondary shock, based on the physical analogy of the secondary loading pulse resembling the blast load from a smaller explosive relative to the original. This so-called dummy charge mass is determined from 58 experimental tests using PE4, PE8, and PE10, utilising Monte Carlo sampling to account for experimental uncertainty, and is found to range between 3.2–4.9% of the original charge mass. A further 18 “unseen” datapoints are used to rigorously assess the performance of the new model, and it is found that reductions in mean absolute error of up to 40%, and typically 20%, are achieved compared to the standard model which neglects the secondary shock. Accuracy of the model is demonstrated across a comprehensive range of far-field scaled distances, giving a high degree of confidence in the new empirical method for modelling the secondary shock from high explosives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-024-01208-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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