Shock Waves最新文献_第10页

Mechanisms of shock-induced initiation at micro-scale defects in energetic crystal-binder systems 高能晶体粘结剂体系中微尺度缺陷的冲击起爆机制

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01099-x

P. Das, H. S. Udaykumar

{"title":"Mechanisms of shock-induced initiation at micro-scale defects in energetic crystal-binder systems","authors":"P. Das, H. S. Udaykumar","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01099-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01099-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crystals of energetic materials, such as 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), embedded in plastic binders are the building blocks of plastic-bonded explosives (PBX). Such heterogeneous energetic materials contain microstructural features such as sharp corners, interfaces between crystal and binder, intra- and extra-granular voids, and other defects. Energy localization or “hotspots” arise during shock interaction with the microstructural heterogeneities, leading to initiation of PBXs. In this paper, high-resolution numerical simulations are performed to elucidate the mechanistic details of shock-induced initiation in a PBX; we examine four different mechanisms: (1) shock-focusing at sharp corners or edges and its dependency on the shape of the crystal and the strength of the applied shock; (2) debonding between crystal and binder interfaces; (3) collapse of voids in the binder located near an HMX crystal; and (4) the collapse of voids within HMX crystals. Insights are obtained into the relative contributions of these mechanisms to the ignition and growth of hotspots. Understanding these mechanisms of energy localization and their relative importance for hotspot formation and initiation sensitivity of PBXs will aid in the design of energetic material-driven systems with controlled sensitivity, to prevent accidental initiation and ensure reliable performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-022-01099-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4359686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

An explosively driven launcher capable of (10,mathrm{km,s}^{-1}) projectile velocities 一种爆炸驱动的发射器，能达到(10,mathrm{km,s}^{-1})射弹速度

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01095-1

J. Huneault, J. Loiseau, M. T. Hildebrand, A. J. Higgins

{"title":"An explosively driven launcher capable of (10,mathrm{km,s}^{-1}) projectile velocities","authors":"J. Huneault, J. Loiseau, M. T. Hildebrand, A. J. Higgins","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01095-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01095-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Launching large (> 1 g) well-characterized projectiles to velocities beyond <span>({10},mathrm{km,s}^{-1})</span> is of interest for a number of scientific fields, but is beyond the reach of current hypervelocity launcher technology. This paper reports the development of an explosively driven light-gas gun that has demonstrated the ability to launch 8-mm-diameter 0.36-g magnesium projectiles to <span>({10.4},,mathrm{km,s}^{-1})</span>. The implosion-driven launcher (IDL) uses the linear implosion of a pressurized tube to shock-compress helium gas to a pressure of 5 GPa, which then expands to propel a projectile to hypervelocity. The launch cycle of the IDL is explored with the use of down-bore velocimetry experiments and a quasi-one-dimensional internal ballistics solver. A detailed overview of the design of the 8-mm launcher is presented, with an emphasis on the unique considerations which arise from the explosively driven propellant compression and the resulting extreme pressures and temperatures. The high average driving pressure results in a launcher that is compact, with a total length typically less than a meter. The possibility to scale the design to larger projectile sizes (25 mm diameter) is demonstrated. Finally, concepts for a modified launch cycle which may allow the IDL to reach significantly greater projectile velocities are explored conceptually and with preliminary experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4142932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Wall roughness effects on the supersonic flow over a circular cylinder 壁面粗糙度对圆柱体超音速流动的影响

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01098-y

A. Blanco-Casares, G. B. Jacobs

引用次数: 2

Comparative study on the onset of detonation in methane–oxygen mixtures: initiation in a smooth tube and re-initiation downstreamof a single orifice plate 甲烷-氧混合爆轰起爆的比较研究:光滑管起爆与单孔板下游再起爆

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01087-1

X. Lv, X. Yan, X. Wang, X. Yu, Y. Hou, T. Li, Y. Wang, J. Yu

{"title":"Comparative study on the onset of detonation in methane–oxygen mixtures: initiation in a smooth tube and re-initiation downstreamof a single orifice plate","authors":"X. Lv, X. Yan, X. Wang, X. Yu, Y. Hou, T. Li, Y. Wang, J. Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01087-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01087-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experimental comparative study of the detonation re-initiation downstream of an orifice plate and the typical deflagration-to-detonation transition in a smooth tube is carried out. In this study, two tube configurations are employed to study the onset of detonation in stoichiometric methane–oxygen mixtures, i.e., a smooth tube and a tube with a single orifice plate placed in the entrance of the self-sustained detonation transmission. Combustion wave velocity measurement and soot-foil visualization are used to characterize the initiation of detonation. The dimensionless parameters correlated with cell size, tube diameter, and orifice diameter are introduced to analyze the detonation initiation process. The results indicate that the dependence of the detonation initiation distance on the initial pressure as a whole is close to inverse proportionality, and the fitting degree is higher for the detonation re-initiation downstream of the orifice plate. The effect of inherent instability of CH<span>(_{4})</span>–2O<span>(_{2})</span> on the onset of detonation is significantly enhanced when the cell size is smaller than the characteristic dimension of an unobstructed tube, either for deflagration-to-detonation transition in a smooth tube or for the detonation re-initiation downstream of an orifice plate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5140447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The reflection and refraction of a curved shock front sliding over an air–water interface 在空气-水界面上滑动的弯曲激波锋面的反射和折射

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01097-z

R. Arun Kumar, G. Rajesh, G. Jagadeesh

{"title":"The reflection and refraction of a curved shock front sliding over an air–water interface","authors":"R. Arun Kumar, G. Rajesh, G. Jagadeesh","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01097-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01097-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aims to investigate the reflection and refraction of a curved shock front as it slides along an air–water interface, using the time-resolved shadowgraph technique. The curved shock front is generated from a free-piston shock tube. The study successfully captured the propagation of a refracted shock wave in water along with that of the reflected shock wave in the air. The refracted shock moves much faster than the incident shock due to a higher acoustic speed in the water. It is seen that the reflected shock initially exhibits a regular reflection (RR), which then transitions to a Mach reflection (MR) as it propagates along the interface. As the shock wave propagates along the air–water interface, the incident shock wave angle with the interface keeps on increasing, leading to RR–MR transition. Shock polar analysis shows that as the Mach reflection structure propagates further along the interface, it transitions from a standard Mach reflection to a non-standard Mach reflection. It is seen that the distance the shock wave propagates along the interface before it transitions from RR to MR increases with the increase in the interface distance (distance between the water surface and the shock tube axis). It is also found that the reflection surface (water or solid) does not seem to have a significant effect on the shock transition criterion, especially the distance at which the shock wave transitions from RR to MR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5456524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An interface to provide the physical properties of the blast waves from surface-burst TNT explosions 提供地表爆炸TNT爆炸冲击波物理特性的界面

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01096-0

J. M. Dewey

{"title":"An interface to provide the physical properties of the blast waves from surface-burst TNT explosions","authors":"J. M. Dewey","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01096-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01096-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An Excel<span>(copyright )</span> interface has been developed to provide the physical properties of blast waves produced by surface-burst TNT explosions. The format is identical to that of a previous interface that provides the properties of blast waves from free-field TNT explosions. These interfaces have been developed to replace the information previously provided by a program named <span>(text {AirBlast}^{circledR })</span>, which is no longer compatible with modern operating systems. Excel<span>(copyright )</span> has been chosen as the platform for the new interfaces because it is widely available, and experience has shown that its files have remained compatible with all operating systems as they have been upgraded. The TNT surface-burst interface has been developed using the same database of experimental measurements as <span>(text {AirBlast}^circledR )</span>, which was gathered from an analysis of the blast waves from over 300 explosions, ranging in size from 4 kg to 500 t. The availability of the data from the free-field and the surface-burst interfaces has permitted a comparison between the two types of blast waves, and in particular the confirmation of previous measures of the reflection factor for surface-burst explosions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4884456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stepped aerospike for enhanced drag reduction using multiple intermediate shocks 阶梯式气动尖峰，使用多重中间冲击增强减阻

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01093-3

A. D. Kumar, A. Mandal, S. Majumder, S. Saha

{"title":"Stepped aerospike for enhanced drag reduction using multiple intermediate shocks","authors":"A. D. Kumar, A. Mandal, S. Majumder, S. Saha","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01093-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01093-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drag reduction using aerospikes has been explored extensively due to the consequences associated with the range, manoeuvrability, and structural limitations of supersonic vehicles. The objective of the present work is to introduce steps as a novel aft-geometry configuration for a sharp-tipped aerospike to enhance drag reduction. The conventional and stepped spikes are of aspect ratio 1.5. Axisymmetric viscous flow simulations and wind-tunnel tests are conducted at a Mach number of 2.43 to analyze the drag reduction phenomena. The viscous simulations provide insight into the shock structure and the recirculation zones. Schlieren images obtained from the experiments in the wind tunnel reveal that the shock angles and locations are in reasonable agreement with the viscous flow simulations. The stepped geometry introduces multiple shocks which eventually reduce the strength of the reattachment shock. A detailed comparison of the location of the steps reveals the effect of the recirculation zones and the interaction of oblique shocks and expansion fans on the extent of drag reduction. The simulations indicate that an enhanced reduction in the wave drag ranging from 9.3 to 21.1% may be achieved over a conventional aerospike as the step locations are varied. The maximum drag reduction potential offered by the steps may be realized in practice using an actively adapting telescopic aerospike.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4713283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combustion properties of a simple and efficient four-step model 一个简单有效的四步燃烧模型

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01090-6

M. Peswani, C. Gerace, B. Maxwell

{"title":"Combustion properties of a simple and efficient four-step model","authors":"M. Peswani, C. Gerace, B. Maxwell","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01090-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01090-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modeling of the chemistry and thermodynamics is crucial in numerical simulations that attempt to accurately simulate reactive flows such as flame acceleration and detonation phenomena. The current study explores how a four-species, four-step combustion mechanism performs to predict ignition processes in various premixed hydrocarbon fuel mixtures when compared to detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. A key objective of this research is to determine how well this model, which has been modified to include only three species transport equations, performs at predicting fundamental combustion properties that are important for flame acceleration and detonation applications. On comparison with full chemistry mechanisms, the four-step model demonstrates an ability to predict the ignition time, reaction stiffness, thermodynamic state, and detonation stability-parameter to a high level of accuracy, for ignition processes over a wide range of initial temperatures and densities. With the ignition structures and key detonation stability parameters correctly predicted, we conclude that the four-step model is an effective and economic tool for studying complex explosion phenomena in situations where pre-combustion temperature and density are constantly changing, such as deflagration-to-detonation transition by flame acceleration or shock–flame interaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4673778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Control of shock wave/boundary layer interactions in a supersonic air intake using a modified backward-facing step 利用改进后向阶跃控制超音速进气道激波/边界层相互作用

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01091-5

N. Khobragade, R. Kumar

{"title":"Control of shock wave/boundary layer interactions in a supersonic air intake using a modified backward-facing step","authors":"N. Khobragade, R. Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01091-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00193-022-01091-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The safe operation and performance of a mixed compression air intake critically depend on the nature of shock wave/boundary layer interactions (SBLIs). The interaction between the ramp boundary layer and the cowl shock at the ramp–isolator junction plays a key role. In this experimental study, a modified backward-facing step called “notch” is used at the ramp–isolator junction to control the SBLI in a rectangular intake at Mach 3. The unstart and performance characteristics are evaluated and compared with the baseline, “faceted” configuration. The intake was unstarted by varying the back-pressure using a choke flap located at the exit in a quasi-steady manner. The surface and rake pressure measurements in addition to the shadowgraph and oil flow visualizations were taken to characterize the effect of flow control. The results showed that the notch anchors the separation bubble at the ramp–isolator junction and helps mitigate the strength of SBLI. The notched intake static pressures are relatively lower as compared to the baseline configuration suggesting reduced severity of structural loads. The floor boundary layer is energized by the notch leading to better efficiency and flow uniformity. There is an increase in the margin of unstart due to the presence of the notch by 7–10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4965686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements 从压力测量得出2022年Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha 'apai火山喷发的能量输出

IF 2.2 4区工程技术

Shock Waves Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4

J. S. Díaz, S. E. Rigby

引用次数: 9