An empirical method for modelling the secondary shock from high explosives in the far-field

IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 MECHANICS
S. E. Rigby, E. Mendham, D. G. Farrimond, E. G. Pickering, A. Tyas, G. Pezzola
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

As the detonation product cloud from a high explosive detonation expands, an arresting flow is generated at the interface between these products and the surrounding air. Eventually this flow forms an inward-travelling shock wave which coalesces at the origin and reflects outwards as a secondary shock. Whilst this feature is well known and often reported, there remains no established method for predicting the form and magnitude of the secondary shock. This paper details an empirical superposition method for modelling the secondary shock, based on the physical analogy of the secondary loading pulse resembling the blast load from a smaller explosive relative to the original. This so-called dummy charge mass is determined from 58 experimental tests using PE4, PE8, and PE10, utilising Monte Carlo sampling to account for experimental uncertainty, and is found to range between 3.2–4.9% of the original charge mass. A further 18 “unseen” datapoints are used to rigorously assess the performance of the new model, and it is found that reductions in mean absolute error of up to 40%, and typically 20%, are achieved compared to the standard model which neglects the secondary shock. Accuracy of the model is demonstrated across a comprehensive range of far-field scaled distances, giving a high degree of confidence in the new empirical method for modelling the secondary shock from high explosives.

远场烈性炸药二次激波模拟的经验方法
当爆轰产物云膨胀时,在这些产物与周围空气的界面处产生阻流。最终,这种流动形成向内传播的激波,在原点汇合,并作为二次激波向外反射。虽然这一特征是众所周知的,并且经常被报道,但仍然没有确定的方法来预测二次冲击的形式和震级。本文详细介绍了一种模拟二次冲击的经验叠加方法,该方法基于二次加载脉冲的物理类比,类似于相对于原始的较小炸药的爆炸载荷。这个所谓的假电荷质量是通过使用PE4、PE8和PE10的58个实验测试确定的,利用蒙特卡罗采样来解释实验不确定性,发现其范围在原始电荷质量的3.2-4.9%之间。另外18个“看不见的”数据点被用来严格评估新模型的性能,发现与忽略二次冲击的标准模型相比,平均绝对误差减少了40%,通常减少了20%。该模型的准确性在远场尺度距离的全面范围内得到了证明,对模拟高炸药二次冲击的新经验方法具有高度的信心。
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来源期刊
Shock Waves
Shock Waves 物理-力学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
9.10%
发文量
41
审稿时长
17.4 months
期刊介绍: Shock Waves provides a forum for presenting and discussing new results in all fields where shock and detonation phenomena play a role. The journal addresses physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians working on theoretical, experimental or numerical issues, including diagnostics and flow visualization. The research fields considered include, but are not limited to, aero- and gas dynamics, acoustics, physical chemistry, condensed matter and plasmas, with applications encompassing materials sciences, space sciences, geosciences, life sciences and medicine. Of particular interest are contributions which provide insights into fundamental aspects of the techniques that are relevant to more than one specific research community. The journal publishes scholarly research papers, invited review articles and short notes, as well as comments on papers already published in this journal. Occasionally concise meeting reports of interest to the Shock Waves community are published.
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