Advances in alcohol & substance abuse最新文献_第7页

Regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis in anterior pituitary and peripheral tissues. 垂体前叶和外周组织中抗利尿激素和催产素合成的调控。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_30

J R Dave, S G Culp, L Liu, B Tabakoff, P L Hoffman

{"title":"Regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis in anterior pituitary and peripheral tissues.","authors":"J R Dave, S G Culp, L Liu, B Tabakoff, P L Hoffman","doi":"10.1300/J251v07n03_30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v07n03_30","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), OT and VP receptors and physiological functions for these two hormones in a variety of peripheral tissues, including anterior pituitary gland. The objectives of this study were to determine if (i) OT and VP genes are expressed in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland and (ii) if osmotic stimulation known to modify the regulation of OT and VP genes in hypothalamus, would modify the expression of these genes in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. Using oligonucleotide probes (courtesy of Drs. M. Brownstein and W. Scott Young, NIMH) corresponding to the VP gene or OT gene and specific fractions of human OT and VP genes (courtesy of Dr. J. Battey, NCI) subcloned in the pGEM-3 riboprobe system, and Northern blot and slot blot techniques, OT and VP mRNAs were found in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. When adult male rats (SD) were either deprived of drinking water or offered 2% salt solution as a sole source of drinking fluid for 72 hrs, both OT and VP mRNA levels were increased in hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and testis. Our data suggest that testis and anterior pituitary gland could also be sites of synthesis of OT and VP and that the same stimulus may regulate these genes in various tissues.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"7 3-4","pages":"231-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v07n03_30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14353690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The measurement of D,L-2,3-butanediol in controls and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. 对照组和酒精性肝硬化患者D, l -2,3-丁二醇的测定。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_05

J P Casazza, J Freitas, D Stambuk, M Y Morgan, R L Veech

{"title":"The measurement of D,L-2,3-butanediol in controls and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.","authors":"J P Casazza, J Freitas, D Stambuk, M Y Morgan, R L Veech","doi":"10.1300/J251v07n03_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v07n03_05","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma D,L-2,3-butanediol was measured in 53 controls and 50 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, none of whom had measurable amounts of blood ethanol. Thirteen of 50 samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had measurable D,L-2,3-butanediol. (range less than 5-154 microM). In one patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who had been abstinent from ethanol for over 5 years plasma levels of D,L-2,3-butanediol ranged between 154 and 211 microM over a one-year period. Only one of the 53 control subjects had detectable levels of D,L-2,3-butanediol. Although it has previously been reported that 2,3-butanediol is present in alcoholics consuming distilled spirits (Rutstein et al. (1983) Lancet ii, 534), this is the first report of the persistent presence of these compounds in alcoholics in the absence of ethanol. Clearly in abstinent alcoholics the presence of 2,3-butanediol is not due to the ingestion of undistilled spirits nor is it likely to arise directly from the metabolic products of ethanol. The presence of D,L-2,3-butanediol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and its absence in control subjects suggests that this compound may be a marker of some forms for alcoholism.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"7 3-4","pages":"33-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v07n03_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14353692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Structure and regulation of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450j. 乙醇诱导细胞色素P450j的结构与调控。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_25

B J Song, R L Veech, S S Park, H V Gelboin, F J Gonzalez

{"title":"Structure and regulation of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450j.","authors":"B J Song, R L Veech, S S Park, H V Gelboin, F J Gonzalez","doi":"10.1300/J251v07n03_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v07n03_25","url":null,"abstract":"Specific polyclonal antisera against microsomal ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 (P450j, P450IIE) were prepared and utilized to isolate cDNA for P450j from lambda gt11 cDNA libraries. The longest cDNAs encoding P450j of rat and human were completely sequenced. The rat P450j sequence was compared to those of other P450s (P450II gene family members) to determine the structural similarity. Southern-blot analysis of rat and human genomic DNAs verified that only a single gene shared extensive homology with P450j. Cloned P450j cDNA and antibodies were used to study the expression of P450j gene during development and by various inducers as well as in pathological conditions. By combination of cDNA hybridization and immunoblot analyses, three types of P450j gene expression were observed: transcriptional activation during development; post-transcriptional activation (probably via protein stabilization) by various inducers such as pyrazole, 4-methylpyrazole, acetone, and ethanol; and mRNA stabilization in diabetic and starved animals. These three different types of P450j induction appeared to be present not only in liver but also in lung and kidney tissues.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"7 3-4","pages":"205-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v07n03_25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14353688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Acute effect of intragastric ethanol administration on plasma levels of stress hormones. 急性灌胃乙醇对应激激素血浆水平的影响。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_29

A B Thiagarajan, I N Mefford, R L Eskay

引用次数: 6

Ethanol, its metabolism and gonadal effects: does sex make a difference? 乙醇及其代谢和性腺效应:性别有影响吗?

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_21

D H Van Thiel, R E Tarter, E Rosenblum, J S Gavaler

引用次数: 26

GC/MS assay of prostaglandins in cerebrospinal fluid from humans and monkeys. 人、猴脑脊液中前列腺素的GC/MS分析。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_20

J A Yergey, N Salem, J W Karanian, M Linnoila

{"title":"GC/MS assay of prostaglandins in cerebrospinal fluid from humans and monkeys.","authors":"J A Yergey, N Salem, J W Karanian, M Linnoila","doi":"10.1300/J251v07n03_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v07n03_20","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this project has been to develop a sensitive and specific assay for prostaglandins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with alcoholism and appropriate controls using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This study was initiated because numerous literature reports strongly suggest that a relationship exists between ethanol's central nervous system effects and the central production of prostaglandins. In both human and animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors prior to administration of ethanol attenuated central nervous system effects of ethanol. Samples from alcoholics after a three week period of abstinence and normals contained none of the measured prostaglandins (PGE2, PGE1, PGF1a, PGF2a, 6-keto-PGF1a) at a concentration more than twice the limit of quantification (3 pg/mL CSF). Comparison of GC/MS and radioimmunoassay methods provided further validation for these results. Literature reports of much higher levels of prostaglandins in normal controls, i.e., tens to hundreds of pg/mL CSF, appear to be incorrect. Examination of monkey CSF provided a positive control, since several of the prostaglandins were easily quantifiable in these samples.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"7 3-4","pages":"125-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v07n03_20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14351229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythms of cortisol during alcohol withdrawal. 酒精戒断期间皮质醇的昼夜节律。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_06

D Risher-Flowers, B Adinoff, B Ravitz, G H Bone, P R Martin, D Nutt, M Linnoila

引用次数: 49

Acute effects of ethanol on motor performance and movement-related brain potentials. 乙醇对运动表现和运动相关脑电位的急性影响。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_09

J W Rohrbaugh, J M Stapleton, H W Frowein, B Adinoff, J L Varner, E A Lane, M J Eckardt, M Linnoila

引用次数: 8

Measuring the serotonin uptake site using [3H]paroxetine--a new serotonin uptake inhibitor. 使用新的血清素摄取抑制剂[3H]帕罗西汀测量血清素摄取部位。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_17

C H Gleiter, D J Nutt

引用次数: 0

The effect of alcohol inhalation on the cardiovascular state of the rat. 酒精吸入对大鼠心血管状态的影响。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v07n03_28

J W Karanian, N Salem

{"title":"The effect of alcohol inhalation on the cardiovascular state of the rat.","authors":"J W Karanian, N Salem","doi":"10.1300/J251v07n03_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v07n03_28","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were exposed to alcohol vapors by an inhalation technique and blood pressure and its reactivity and platelet aggregation were measured. Acute exposure to alcohol levels which produced moderate blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was associated with increased vascular production of prostacyclin (PGI2) and plasma catecholamines, whereas platelet production of thromboxane (TXA2) decreased. Blood pressure is elevated in these animals, however, the platelet aggregating and pressor effects of noradrenaline (NE) were decreased. Chronic exposure to high BAC is associated with a dramatic reduction in vascular and platelet prostaglandin (PG) production and a marked increase in plasma catecholamine levels. Platelet aggregation decreased in these animals, however, the pressor effect of TXA2 and NE was significantly increased. The fatty acid precursors to PG were reduced by 50% in the lipid extracts of these preparations. These findings suggest that alterations in fatty acid metabolism may lead to a functional deficiency in PG production from dependent rats. Qualitative differences may exist between acute and chronic exposure with respect to the cardiovascular state. Locally produced PG and circulating catecholamines may mediate alcohol-induced alterations in vascular smooth muscle tone and platelet aggregation.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"7 3-4","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v07n03_28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14197664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6