The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology最新文献_第6页

Working memory period: the endurance of mental representations. 工作记忆期:心理表征的持续时间。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000098

John N Towse, Graham J Hitch, Zoë Hamilton, Kirsty Peacock, Una M Z Hutton

引用次数: 28

The effect of feedback on timing in children and adults: the temporal generalization task. 儿童和成人反馈对时间的影响:时间概化任务。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000025

Sylvie Droit-Volet, Marie Izaute

引用次数: 41

Sequence learning: response structure and effector transfer. 序列学习:反应结构与效应者迁移。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000918

Jin-Hoon Park, Charles H Shea

{"title":"Sequence learning: response structure and effector transfer.","authors":"Jin-Hoon Park, Charles H Shea","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000918","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments are reported that investigate the response structure and effector transfer of repeated movement sequences. Participants moved a lever to targets sequentially presented on the computer monitor. In Experiment 1 the learning of 10- and 16-element sequences (identical movement pattern) was contrasted. After 1 day of practice the 10-element sequence was organized into fewer subsequences and, thus, performed more rapidly than the 16-element sequence. The imposed organization appeared to be coded in a relatively abstract way, as evidenced by effector transfer that was as good as that on the retention test. In Experiment 2 the 16-element sequence was studied after more extensive practice. By the end of 4 days of practice the participants produced relatively seamless responses void of obvious transitions between subsequences, but the control of the movement was less effector independent than observed earlier in practice. The results suggest that the process of consolidating the sequence, which led to more fluent response production, also resulted in the utilization of effector specific information.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 3","pages":"387-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25195180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 106

Categorical reasoning from multiple diagrams. 从多个图进行分类推理。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000909

Maxwell J Roberts, Elizabeth D A Sykes

{"title":"Categorical reasoning from multiple diagrams.","authors":"Maxwell J Roberts, Elizabeth D A Sykes","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000909","url":null,"abstract":"Syllogistic reasoning from categorical premise pairs is generally taken to be a multistep process. Quantifiers (all, no, some, some …not) must be interpreted, representations constructed, and conclusions identified from these. Explanations of performance have been proposed in which errors may occur at any of these stages. The current paper contrasts (a) representation explanations of performance, in which errors occur because not all possible representations are constructed, and/or mistakes are made when doing so (e.g., mental models theory), and (b) conclusion identification explanations, in which errors occur even when information has been correctly and exhaustively represented, due to systematic difficulties that people may have when identifying particular conclusions, or in identifying conclusions in particular circumstances. Three experiments are reported, in which people identified valid conclusions from diagrams analogous to Euler circles, so that the first two stages of reasoning from premise pairs were effectively removed. Despite this, several phenomena associated with reasoning from premise pairs persisted, and it is suggested that whereas representation explanations may account for some of these phenomena, conclusion identification explanations, which have never previously been considered, are required for others.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 2","pages":"333-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Exploring the role of lexical stress in lexical recognition. 探讨词汇重音在词汇识别中的作用。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000927

Wilma van Donselaar, Mariëtte Koster, Anne Cutler

{"title":"Exploring the role of lexical stress in lexical recognition.","authors":"Wilma van Donselaar, Mariëtte Koster, Anne Cutler","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000927","url":null,"abstract":"Three cross-modal priming experiments examined the role of suprasegmental information in the processing of spoken words. All primes consisted of truncated spoken Dutch words. Recognition of visually presented word targets was facilitated by prior auditory presentation of the first two syllables of the same words as primes, but only if they were appropriately stressed (e.g., OKTOBER preceded by okTO-); inappropriate stress, compatible with another word (e.g., OKTOBER preceded by OCto-, the beginning of octopus), produced inhibition. Monosyllabic fragments (e.g., OC-) also produced facilitation when appropriately stressed; if inappropriately stressed, they produced neither facilitation nor inhibition. The bisyllabic fragments that were compatible with only one word produced facilitation to semantically associated words, but inappropriate stress caused no inhibition of associates. The results are explained within a model of spoken-word recognition involving competition between simultaneously activated phonological representations followed by activation of separate conceptual representations for strongly supported lexical candidates; at the level of the phonological representations, activation is modulated by both segmental and suprasegmental information.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 2","pages":"251-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of total sleep deprivation on the generation of random sequences of key-presses, numbers and nouns. 完全睡眠剥夺对键盘、数字和名词随机序列产生的影响。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000855

Herbert Heuer, Olaf Kohlisch, Wolfhard Klein

{"title":"The effects of total sleep deprivation on the generation of random sequences of key-presses, numbers and nouns.","authors":"Herbert Heuer, Olaf Kohlisch, Wolfhard Klein","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000855","url":null,"abstract":"According to a recent hypothesis, executive functions should be particularly vulnerable to the effects of total sleep deprivation. Random generation is a task that taps executive functions. In three experiments we examined the effects of total sleep deprivation on random generation of key-presses, numbers, and nouns, in particular on the suppression of prepotent responses and the selection of next responses by way of applying a local-representativeness heuristic. With random key-presses suppression of prepotent responses did not suffer from lack of sleep, but it became poorer at a sufficiently high pacing rate. In contrast, suppression of prepotent responses suffered when numbers and nouns were generated. According to these findings different types of random generation tasks involve different types of inhibitory process. With only four response alternatives, but not with larger response sets, application of the local-representativeness heuristic was impaired after a night without sleep. In terms of a simple formal model, serial-order representations of the preceding responses are used in selecting the next response only for the small response set, and not for larger response sets. Thus, serial-order representations are likely to suffer from loss of sleep. These findings strongly suggest that random generation involves multiple processes and that total sleep deprivation does not impair all sorts of executive functions, but only some.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 2","pages":"275-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

What can functional neuroimaging tell the experimental psychologist? 功能神经成像能告诉实验心理学家什么?

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000502

Richard Henson

{"title":"What can functional neuroimaging tell the experimental psychologist?","authors":"Richard Henson","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000502","url":null,"abstract":"I argue here that functional neuroimaging data--which I restrict to the haemodynamic techniques of fMRI and PET--can inform psychological theorizing, provided one assumes a \"systematic\" function-structure mapping in the brain. In this case, imaging data simply comprise another dependent variable, along with behavioural data, that can be used to test competing theories. In particular, I distinguish two types of inference: function-to-structure deduction and structure-to-function induction. With the former inference, a qualitatively different pattern of activity over the brain under two experimental conditions implies at least one different function associated with changes in the independent variable. With the second type of inference, activity of the same brain region(s) under two conditions implies a common function, possibly not predicted a priori. I illustrate these inferences with imaging studies of recognition memory, short-term memory, and repetition priming. I then consider in greater detail what is meant by a \"systematic\" function-structure mapping and argue that, particularly for structure-to-function induction, this entails a one-to-one mapping between functional and structural units, although the structural unit may be a network of interacting regions and care must be taken over the appropriate level of functional/structural abstraction. Nonetheless, the assumption of a systematic function-structure mapping is a \"working hypothesis\" that, in common with other scientific fields, cannot be proved on independent grounds and is probably best evaluated by the success of the enterprise as a whole. I also consider statistical issues such as the definition of a qualitative difference and methodological issues such as the relationship between imaging and behavioural data. I finish by reviewing various objections to neuroimaging, including neophrenology, functionalism, and equipotentiality, and by observing some criticisms of current practice in the imaging literature.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 2","pages":"193-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25117743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 337

When context hinders! Learn-test compatibility in face recognition. 当语境阻碍!人脸识别中的学习-测试兼容性。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000936

Helmut Leder, Claus-Christian Carbon

引用次数: 85

Generation of hypotheses in Wason's 2-4-6 task: an information theory approach. 沃森2-4-6任务中的假设生成:一种信息理论方法。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000891

Paolo Cherubini, Elena Castelvecchio, Anna Maria Cherubini

{"title":"Generation of hypotheses in Wason's 2-4-6 task: an information theory approach.","authors":"Paolo Cherubini, Elena Castelvecchio, Anna Maria Cherubini","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000891","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the \"context of discovery\" in Wason's 2-4-6 task, focusing on how the first hypothesis is generated. According to Oaksford and Chater (1994a) people generate hypotheses extracting \"common features\", or regularities, from the available triples, but their model does not explain why some regularities contribute to the hypothesis more than do other regularities. Our conjecture is that some regularities contribute to the hypothesis more than do other regularities because people estimate the amount of information in the perceived regularities and try to preserve as much information as possible in their initial hypotheses. Experiment 1, which used two initial triples, showed that the presence of high-information relational regularities in the initial triples affected the information in the initial hypotheses more than did the presence of low-information object regularities. Experiment 2 extended the results to the classic situation in which only one initial triple is given. It also suggested that amount of information is the only aspect of the structure of the triple that affects hypotheses generation. Experiment 3 confirmed the latter finding: Although relations are commonly distinguished between first-order and higher order relations, the latter being most important for generating hypotheses (Gentner, 1983), higher order relations do have an effect on Wason's 2-4-6 task only if their presence incre ases information. In the conclusion we discuss the statistical soundness of human hypotheses generation processes, and we ask an unanswered question: Amount of information explains why some regularities are preferred to others, but only within a set of \"nonarbitrary\" regularities; there are object regularities that are rich in information content, but are considered \"arbitrary\", and are not used in generating hypotheses. Which formal property can distinguish between these two sets of regularities?","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 2","pages":"309-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Age-related deficits in free recall: the role of rehearsal. 自由回忆中的年龄相关缺陷:排练的作用。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000223

Geoff Ward, Elizabeth A Maylor

引用次数: 33