The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology最新文献_第7页

Ageing and switching of the focus of attention in working memory: results from a modified N-back task. 工作记忆中注意力焦点的老化和转换:修正N-back任务的结果。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000241

Paul Verhaeghen, Chandramallika Basak

引用次数: 207

Searching from the top down: ageing and attentional guidance during singleton detection. 从上到下的搜索:单胞胎检测过程中的老化和注意力引导。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000205

Wythe L Whiting, David J Madden, Thomas W Pierce, Philip A Allen

{"title":"Searching from the top down: ageing and attentional guidance during singleton detection.","authors":"Wythe L Whiting, David J Madden, Thomas W Pierce, Philip A Allen","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000205","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigations of adult age differences in visual search suggest that an age-related decline may exist in attentional processes dependent on the observer's knowledge of task-relevant features (top-down processing). The present experiments were conducted to examine age-related changes in top-down attentional guidance during a highly efficient form of search, singleton detection. In Experiment 1 reaction times to detect targets were lower when target features were constant (feature condition) than when target features were allowed to vary between trials (mixed condition), and this reaction time benefit was similar for younger and older adults. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated possible interactions between top-down and bottom-up (stimulus-driven) processes. Experiment 2 demonstrated that search times for both age groups could be improved when targets varied on an additional feature from distractors (double-feature condition) but only when top-down control was available (feature search). In Experiment 3, the availability of top-down guidance enabled both younger and older adults to override the distracting effects of a noninformative spatial location cue. 'l'hese findings indicate that top-down attentional control mechanisms interact with bottom-up processes to guide search for targets, and that in the context of singleton detection these mechanisms of top-down control are preserved for older adults.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"72-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25098944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Contributions of processing ability and knowledge to verbal memory tasks across the adult life-span. 处理能力和知识在成人一生中对言语记忆任务的贡献。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000179

Trey Hedden, Gary Lautenschlager, Denise C Park

{"title":"Contributions of processing ability and knowledge to verbal memory tasks across the adult life-span.","authors":"Trey Hedden, Gary Lautenschlager, Denise C Park","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000179","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationships of processing capacity and knowledge to memory measures that varied in retrieval difficulty and reliance on verbal knowledge in an adult life-span sample (N = 341). It was hypothesized that processing ability (speed and working memory) would have the strongest relationship to tasks requiring active retrieval and that knowledge (vocabulary ability) would be related to verbal fluency and cued recall, as participants relied upon verbal knowledge to retrieve category items (fluency) or develop associations (cued recall). Measurement and structural equation models were developed for the entire sample and separately for younger (aged 20-54 years, n = 168) and older (aged 55-92 years, n = 173) subgroups. In accordance with the hypotheses, processing ability was found to be most highly related to free recall, with additional significant relationships to cued recall, verbal fluency, and recognition. Knowledge was found to be significantly related only to verbal fluency and to cued recall. Moreover, knowledge was more important for older than for younger adults in mediating variance in cued recall, suggesting that older adults may use age-related increases in knowledge to partially compensate for processing declines when environmental support is available in memory tasks.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"169-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25099454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 100

Processing speed, executive function, and age differences in remembering and knowing. 处理速度，执行功能，以及记忆和认知的年龄差异。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000197

David Bunce, Anna Macready

{"title":"Processing speed, executive function, and age differences in remembering and knowing.","authors":"David Bunce, Anna Macready","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000197","url":null,"abstract":"A group of young (n = 52, M = 23.27 years) and old (n = 52, M = 68.62 years) adults studied two lists of semantically unrelated nouns. For one list a time of 2 s was allowed for encoding, and for the other, 5 s. A recognition test followed where participants classified their responses according to Gardiner's (1988) remember-know procedure. Age differences for remembering and knowing were minimal in the faster 2-s encoding condition. However, in the longer 5-s encoding condition, younger persons produced significantly more remember responses, and older adults a greater number of know responses. This dissociation suggests that in the longer encoding condition, younger adults utilized a greater level of elaborative rehearsal governed by executive processes, whereas older persons employed maintenance rehearsal involving short-term memory. Statistical control procedures, however, found that independent measures of processing speed accounted for age differences in remembering and knowing and that independent measures of executive control had little influence. The findings are discussed in the light of contrasting theoretical accounts of recollective experience in old age.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"155-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25099453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Hearing loss and perceptual effort: downstream effects on older adults' memory for speech. 听力损失和知觉努力:对老年人言语记忆的下游影响。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000151

Sandra L McCoy, Patricia A Tun, L Clarke Cox, Marianne Colangelo, Raj A Stewart, Arthur Wingfield

引用次数: 431

Memory for proper names in old age: a disproportionate impairment? 老年人对专有名称的记忆:不成比例的损伤?

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000188

Peter G Rendell, Alan D Castel, Fergus I M Craik

{"title":"Memory for proper names in old age: a disproportionate impairment?","authors":"Peter G Rendell, Alan D Castel, Fergus I M Craik","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000188","url":null,"abstract":"A common complaint of older adults is that they have trouble remembering names, even the names of people they know well. Two experiments examining this problem are reported in the present article. Experiment 1 tested episodic memory for surnames and occupations; older adults and younger adults under divided attention performed less well than did full attention younger adults, but showed no disproportionate loss of name information. Experiment 2 examined the ability to name photographs of public figures and of uncommon objects; this experiment therefore tested retrieval from semantic memory. In this case adults in their 70s did show an impairment in recall of names of known people, but not of known objects. Further analyses revealed systematic relations between naming, recognition, and rated familiarity of the categories used. Familiarity largely determined the proportions of recognizable items that were named in a prior phase. Overall, little evidence was found for a disproportionate age-related impairment in naming in either episodic or semantic memory.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"54-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25098943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000214

Henk J Haarmann, Gemma E Ashling, Eddy J Davelaar, Marius Usher

{"title":"Age-related declines in context maintenance and semantic short-term memory.","authors":"Henk J Haarmann, Gemma E Ashling, Eddy J Davelaar, Marius Usher","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000214","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports age-related declines in context maintenance (Braver et al., 2001) and semantic short-term memory (STM) and evidencc for a relation between the two. A group of younger and older adults completed a context maintenance task (AX-CPT), a semantically oriented STM task (conceptual span), a phonologically oriented STM task (digit span), and a meaning integration task (semantic anomaly judgement). In the AX-CPT task, a target response is required to the probe letter \"X\" but only when it is preceded by the letter \"A\" (the context). Either three (short interference) or six distractor letters (long interference) were presented between the cue and the probe. Results indicated an age-related deficit in context maintenance. Age-related declines were also observed for conceptual span and semantic anomaly judgement but not for digit span. Context maintenance was correlated with conceptual span and semantic anomaly judgement but not with digit span. These correlations were largely mediated by age differences, which also explained variance that was unique to (and not shared among) context maintenance, conceptual span, and semantic anomaly judgement.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"34-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25098942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The attraction effect in decision making: superior performance by older adults. 决策中的吸引效应：老年人的卓越表现。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000160

Sunghan Kim, Lynn Hasher

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers, health, lifestyle, and demographic variables as correlates of reaction time performance in early, middle, and late adulthood. 生物标志物、健康、生活方式和人口统计学变量与成年早期、中期和晚期反应时间表现的相关性

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000232

Kaarin J Anstey, Keith Dear, Helen Christensen, Anthony F Jorm

{"title":"Biomarkers, health, lifestyle, and demographic variables as correlates of reaction time performance in early, middle, and late adulthood.","authors":"Kaarin J Anstey, Keith Dear, Helen Christensen, Anthony F Jorm","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000232","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to identify demographic, health, and biomarker correlates of reaction time performance and to determine whether biomarkers explained age differences in reaction time performance. TIhe sample comprised three representative cohorts aged 20-24, 40-44, and 60-64 years, including a total of 7,485 participants. Reaction time measures of intraindividual variability and latency were used. The measure of intraindividual variability used was independent of mean reaction time. Older adults were more variable than younger adults in choice reaction time performance but not simple reaction time performance. The most important correlates of reaction time performance after gender and education were biological markers such as forced expiratory volume at one second, grip strength, and vision. Few measures of physical or mental health or lifestyle were associated with poorer performance on reaction time measures. Biomarkers explained the majority of age-related variance in simple reaction time and a large proportion of variance in choice reaction time. We conclude that for the ages studied, biomarkers are more important than health factors for explaining age differences in reaction time performance.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25098940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 111

Working memory and syllogistic reasoning. 工作记忆和三段论推理。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000846

David Copeland, Gabriel Radvansky

引用次数: 73