The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology最新文献_第8页

Capacity and contextual constraints on product activation: evidence from task-irrelevant fact retrieval. 产品激活的能力和上下文约束:来自任务无关事实检索的证据。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000873

Elena Rusconi, Giovanni Galfano, Viviana Speriani, Carlo Umiltà

{"title":"Capacity and contextual constraints on product activation: evidence from task-irrelevant fact retrieval.","authors":"Elena Rusconi, Giovanni Galfano, Viviana Speriani, Carlo Umiltà","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000873","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments tested the limiting conditions of multiplication facts retrieval in a number-matching task (LeFevre, Bisanz, & Mrkonjic, 1988). By presenting two digits as cue and by requiring participants to decide whether a subsequent numerical target had been present in the pair, we found interference when the target coincided with the product of the cue digits. This was evidence for obligatory activation of multiplication facts. Also, we showed that multiplication facts retrieval occurred even in the absence of any arithmetic context (i.e., a multiplication sign between the cue digits) and did not require processing resources (i.e., the process met the capacity criterion of automaticity; Jonides, 1981), whereas manipulation of the spatial relation between the two operands (cue digits) negatively affected retrieval. The present work appears to be unique in the context of previous similar studies on mental calculation, which invariably adopted an arithmetic task as the primary demand. We identify this difference as the reason for the failure of all previous studies in revealing independence of multiplication facts from attentional resources. Furthermore, we suggest the application of a contextual definition of automaticity to this kind of retrieval, given the fact that it might depend both on association strength and on contextual setting variables.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 8","pages":"1485-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24787587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

How long do the advantages of learning to read a transparent orthography last? An investigation of the reading skills and reading impairment of Welsh children at 10 years of age. 学习阅读透明正字法的优势能持续多久?威尔士10岁儿童阅读技能和阅读障碍的调查。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000819

Richard Hanley, Jackie Masterson, Llinos Spencer, Dylan Evans

{"title":"How long do the advantages of learning to read a transparent orthography last? An investigation of the reading skills and reading impairment of Welsh children at 10 years of age.","authors":"Richard Hanley, Jackie Masterson, Llinos Spencer, Dylan Evans","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000819","url":null,"abstract":"Spencer and Hanley (2003) showed that Welsh-speaking children aged between 5 and 7 years who were learning to read Welsh (a transparent orthography) performed significantly better at reading both real words and nonwords than did English-speaking children living in Wales who were learning to read English (a deep orthography). In this study, the reading skills of these children were reexamined three years later, during their sixth year of formal reading instruction. The children learning to read English continued to perform poorly at reading low- and medium-frequency irregular words but no differences were observed in reading regular words or nonwords. These findings emphasize how long it takes to acquire a large sight vocabulary in English, but indicated that the reading skills of the majority of the English-speaking children had caught up with those of their Welsh-speaking counterparts. However, the poorest 25% of the English readers continued to perform much worse than the lowest performing 25% of Welsh readers on both words and nonwords. An underachieving tail of this kind was not observed in the reading performance of the Welsh-speaking group. Overall, these findings suggest that in the long term the detrimental effects of an opaque orthography are most damaging to the poorest readers.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 8","pages":"1393-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24788302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 77

Object-based processes in the planning of goal-directed hand movements. 目标导向手部运动计划中基于对象的过程。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000765

Harold Bekkering, Jay Pratt

{"title":"Object-based processes in the planning of goal-directed hand movements.","authors":"Harold Bekkering, Jay Pratt","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000765","url":null,"abstract":"Theories in motor control suggest that the parameters specified during the planning of goal-directed hand movements to a visual target are defined in spatial parameters like direction and amplitude. Recent findings in the visual attention literature, however, argue widely for early object-based selection processes. The present experiments were designed to examine the contributions of object-based and space-based selection processes to the preparation time of goal-directed pointing movements. Therefore, a cue was presented at a specific location. The question addressed was whether the initiation of responses to uncued target stimuli could benefit from being either within the same object (object based) or presented at the same direction (space based). Experiment 1 replicated earlier findings of object-based benefits for non-goal-directed responses. Experiment 2 confirmed earlier findings of space-based benefits for goal-directed hand pointing movements. In Experiments 3 and 4, space-based and object-based manipulations were combined while requiring goal-directed hand pointing movements. The results clearly favour the notion that the selection processes for goal-directed pointing movements are primarily object based. Implications for theories on selective attention and action planning are discussed.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 8","pages":"1345-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24787703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Deconstructing the Tower of London: alternative moves and conflict resolution as predictors of task performance. 解构伦敦塔:作为任务表现预测因素的备选行动和冲突解决。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000864

Hassina Carder, Simon Handley, Timothy Perfect

{"title":"Deconstructing the Tower of London: alternative moves and conflict resolution as predictors of task performance.","authors":"Hassina Carder, Simon Handley, Timothy Perfect","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000864","url":null,"abstract":"Despite widespread use the cognitive demands of the five-disc Tower of London (TOL) are unknown. Research suggests that conflict moves (those that are essential to the solution but do not place a disc in its final position) are a key aspect of performance. These were examined in three studies via a verification paradigm, in which normal participants were asked to decide whether a demonstrated move was correct. Experiment 1 showed that individual move latencies increase with the number of intermediate moves until the disc is placed in its goal position (resolution). Post hoc tests suggested that the number of alternative moves and moves to resolve a disc were independent predictors of performance. Experiment 2 successfully manipulated these factors in an experimental design. Experiment 3 showed that they remain determinants of performance as familiarity increased. Overall, errors on the task were significantly correlated with spatial memory. The implications of these findings for the use of the TOLin cognitive psychology and as an assessment tool are discussed.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 8","pages":"1459-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24787586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Mental model construction in linear reasoning: evidence for the construction of initial annotated models. 线性推理中的心理模型构建:初始注释模型构建的证据。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000800

André Vandierendonck, Vicky Dierckx, Gino De Vooght

引用次数: 53

The spatial distribution of attention in perceptual latency priming. 知觉延迟启动时注意的空间分布。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000828

Ingrid Scharlau

{"title":"The spatial distribution of attention in perceptual latency priming.","authors":"Ingrid Scharlau","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000828","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial distribution of visual attention is a yet unresolved question. One of the main topics is whether attention is distributed in a graded fashion around an attended location (e.g., Downing, 1988; Zimba & Hughes, 1987). The present experiments explore whether, and on which conditions, gradients of attention arise and contribute to perceptual facilitation. A masked or unmasked prime precedes one of two targets whose temporal order has to be judged. The prime captures attention, which shortens the perceptual latency of the primed target (perceptual latency priming; Scharlau & Neumann, 2003a; Shore, Spence, & Klein, 2001). No strong evidence for an attentional gradient was found. (1) Accuracy of temporal order judgements was independent of the distance between the two targets that were judged. That is, facilitation of the second target by the first target was spatially invariant. (2) With targets of short duration, facilitation was independent of prime-target distance. (3) With targets of long duration, gradients were found: Facilitation declined continuously with distance. Thus, long duration of stimuli may be a sufficient precondition for an attentional gradient. A control experiment showed that object-based attention contributes only marginally to perceptual latency priming.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 8","pages":"1411-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24788303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Are there lexicons? 有词汇吗?

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000007

Max Coltheart

{"title":"Are there lexicons?","authors":"Max Coltheart","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000007","url":null,"abstract":"Many models of the processing of printed or spoken words or objects or faces propose that systems of local representations of the forms of such stimuli--lexicons--exist. This is denied by partisans of the distributed-representation connectionist approach to cognitive modelling. An experimental paradigm of key theoretical importance here is lexical decision and its analogue in the domain of objects, object decision. How does each theoretical camp account for our ability to perform these two tasks? The localists say that the tasks are done by matching or failing to match a stimulus to a local representation in a lexicon. Advocates of distributed representations often do not seek to explain these two tasks; however, when they do, they propose that patterns of activation evoked in a semantic system can be used to discriminate between words and nonwords, or between real objects and false objects. Therefore the distributed-representation account of lexical and object decision tasks predicts that performance on these tasks can never be normal in patients with an impaired semantic system, nor in patients who cannot access semantics normally from the stimulus domain being tested. However, numerous such patients have been reported in the literature, indicating that semantic access is not needed for normal performance on these tasks. Such results support the localist form of modelling rather than the distributed-representation approach.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 7","pages":"1153-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24788386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 119

Effects of unilateral distractors: a comparison of eye movement and key press responses. 单侧干扰物的影响:眼动和按键反应的比较。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000710

Liana Machado, Elizabeth Franz

{"title":"Effects of unilateral distractors: a comparison of eye movement and key press responses.","authors":"Liana Machado, Elizabeth Franz","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000710","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the effects of a unilateral distractor on the latencies of voluntary eye movements and key press responses in order to elucidate some of the differences between these two types of response with respect to processing distractors. On each trial, participants indicated the colour of a central patch by making a left or a right response. The colour of the distractor either matched the target colour or matched the colour associated with the incorrect response. Similarly, the side of the distractor corresponded to the side of either the correct or the incorrect response. The results showed that side congruency exerted a main effect only on eye movement responses, but colour congruency affected eye movement and key press responses similarly. Moreover, when we made the target more distinct from the distractor, only distractors that appeared on the same side as the response elicited a colour congruency effect, for both response modalities. We propose that (1) the appearance of the distractor activates oculomotor cells, which facilitate a subsequent eye movement with the same direction vector, (2) the distinctiveness of the target determines whether colour and side congruency interact, and (3) spatial codes mediate the interaction between colour and side congruency that occurs when the target is sufficiently distinct from the distractor.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 7","pages":"1173-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24788387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Nonword repetition in lexical decision: support for two opposing processes. 词汇决策中的非词重复:对两个对立过程的支持。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000729

Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, René Zeelenberg, Mark Steyvers, Richard Shiffrin, Jeroen Raaijmakers

引用次数: 41

Abstractionist versus exemplar-based theories of visual word priming: a subsystems resolution. 抽象主义与基于范例的视觉词启动理论:子系统解析。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000747

Chad Marsolek

{"title":"Abstractionist versus exemplar-based theories of visual word priming: a subsystems resolution.","authors":"Chad Marsolek","doi":"10.1080/02724980343000747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000747","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments addressed abstractionist versus exemplar-based theories of the visual representations underlying word priming. Participants first read centrally presented whole words (each displayed in all lowercase or in all uppercase letters), and then they completed laterally presented word stems (each displayed in all lowercase or in all uppercase letters). Word stem completion priming was letter-case specific (greater for same-case primed items than for different-case primed items) when stems were presented directly to the right cerebral hemisphere but not when stems were presented directly to the left cerebral hemisphere. This interaction was not influenced by the typicality of the test stems, but it was observed only for stems composed of letters with visually dissimilar lowercase and uppercase structures (e.g., bea/BEA) and not for stems composed of letters with visually similar lowercase and uppercase structures (e.g., sco/SCO). In contrast, cued recall was letter-case specific when similar-case or dissimilar-case stems were presented directly to the right hemisphere. Results do not support strongly abstractionist or exemplar-based theories. Instead, they suggest a resolution to these differing perspectives: Relatively independent neural subsystems operate in parallel to underlie abstract-category and specific-exemplar priming of word forms.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"57 7","pages":"1233-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980343000747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24787699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52