The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement最新文献_第6页

Suicidal behaviour and mortality in first-episode psychosis: the OPUS trial. 首次发作精神病的自杀行为和死亡率:OPUS试验。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s140

Mette Bertelsen, Pia Jeppesen, Lone Petersen, Anne Thorup, Johan Øhlenschlaeger, Phuong le Quach, Torben Østergaard Christensen, Gertrud Krarup, Per Jørgensen, Merete Nordentoft

{"title":"Suicidal behaviour and mortality in first-episode psychosis: the OPUS trial.","authors":"Mette Bertelsen, Pia Jeppesen, Lone Petersen, Anne Thorup, Johan Øhlenschlaeger, Phuong le Quach, Torben Østergaard Christensen, Gertrud Krarup, Per Jørgensen, Merete Nordentoft","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Those with first-episode psychosis are at high-risk of suicide.Aims: To identify predictive factors for suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts, and to investigate the rate of suicides and other deaths during the 5 years after first diagnosis and initiation of treatment.Method: A longitudinal, prospective, 5-year follow-up study of 547 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Individuals presenting for their first treatment in mental health services in two circumscribed urban areas in Denmark were included in a randomised controlled trial of integrated v. standard treatment. All participants were followed in the Danish Cause of Death Register for 5 years. Suicidal behaviour and clinical and social status were assessed using validated interviews and rating scales at entry, and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups.Results: Sixteen participants died during the follow-up. We found a strong association between suicidal thoughts, plans and previous attempts, depressive and psychotic symptoms and young age, and with suicidal plans and attempts at 1- and 2-year follow-up.Conclusions: In this first-episode cohort depressive and psychotic symptoms, especially hallucinations, predicted suicidal plans and attempts, and persistent suicidal behaviour and ideation were associated with high risk of attempted suicide.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s140-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41051513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 172

Incidence of first-contact psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil. 巴西圣保罗地区首次接触精神病的发病率。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s102

Paulo R Menezes, Marcia Scazufca, Geraldo Busatto, Letícia M S Coutinho, Philip K McGuire, Robin M Murray

{"title":"Incidence of first-contact psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Paulo R Menezes, Marcia Scazufca, Geraldo Busatto, Letícia M S Coutinho, Philip K McGuire, Robin M Murray","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Little is known about the incidence of first-episode psychosis in urban centres of low- or middle-income countries.Aims: To estimate the incidence of psychosis in São Paulo, a large metropolis of Brazil.Method: Prospective survey of first-episode psychosis among residents aged 18-64 years resident in a defined area of São Paulo, over a 30-month period (July 20 2002-December 2004). Assessments were carried out with the SCID-I, and diagnoses given according to DSM-IV criteria. Population at risk was drawn from the 2000 Census data.Results: There were 367 first-episode cases identified (51% women), and almost 40% fulfilled criteria for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. The incidence rate for any psychosis was 15.8/100 000 person-years at risk (95% CI 14.3-17.6). Incidence of non-affective psychoses was higher among younger males.Conclusions: Incidence of psychosis in São Paulo was lower than expected for a large metropolis.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s102-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41052670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65

Cognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis: the processing speed hypothesis. 首发精神病的认知功能障碍:处理速度假说。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s107

José Manuel Rodríguez-Sánchez, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Cesar González-Blanch, Rocío Perez-Iglesias, José Luis Vázquez-Barquero

{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis: the processing speed hypothesis.","authors":"José Manuel Rodríguez-Sánchez, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Cesar González-Blanch, Rocío Perez-Iglesias, José Luis Vázquez-Barquero","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Speed of processing is a cognitive process underlying cognitive dysfunction in people with chronic schizophrenia.Aims: To investigate the contribution of speed of processing to the cognitive deficits observed in a representative large sample with first-episode schizophrenia.Method: People with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n=26) and healthy controls (n=28) were compared on several cognitive measures before and after controlling for speed of processing.Results: Before controlling for speed of processing, patients and controls differed significantly on all cognitive measures. All significant differences in cognitive functioning disappeared when the result of the Digital Symbol Substitution Test was included as an additional covariate.Conclusions: Speed of information processing may be considered a core cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and might be mediating a broader diversity of cognitive disturbances.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s107-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41052671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 132

Molecular imaging studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in psychosis and predictions for the prodromal phase of psychosis. 精神病中纹状体多巴胺能系统的分子成像研究和精神病前驱期的预测。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s13

Oliver D Howes, Andrew J Montgomery, Marie-Claude Asselin, Robin M Murray, Paul M Grasby, Philip K McGuire

引用次数: 0

Aripiprazole in the treatment of the psychosis prodrome: an open-label pilot study. 阿立哌唑治疗精神病前驱症状:一项开放标签的试点研究。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s96

Scott W Woods, Elizabeth M Tully, Barbara C Walsh, Keith A Hawkins, Jennifer L Callahan, Shuki J Cohen, Daniel H Mathalon, Tandy J Miller, Thomas H McGlashan

{"title":"Aripiprazole in the treatment of the psychosis prodrome: an open-label pilot study.","authors":"Scott W Woods, Elizabeth M Tully, Barbara C Walsh, Keith A Hawkins, Jennifer L Callahan, Shuki J Cohen, Daniel H Mathalon, Tandy J Miller, Thomas H McGlashan","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s96","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research studies for the treatment of the putative prodromal phase of psychotic disorders have begun to appear.Aims: To obtain preliminary evidence of the short-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole treatment in people with the psychosis prodrome.Method: Fifteen participants meeting prodrome criteria (mean age 17.1 years, s.d.=5.5) enrolled in an open-label, single-site trial with fixed-flexible dosing of aripiprazole (5-30 mg/day) for 8 weeks.Results: In the mixed-effects repeated-measures analysis, improvement from baseline on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms total score was statistically significant by the first week. No participant converted to psychosis and 13 completed treatment. Neuropsychological measures showed no consistent improvement; mean weight gain was 1.2 kg. Akathisia emerged in 8 participants, but the mean Barnes Akathisia Scale score fell to baseline levels by the final visit. Adverse events were otherwise minimal.Conclusions: Aripiprazole shows a promising efficacy and safety profile for the psychosis prodrome. Placebo-controlled studies are indicated.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

Relationship between subjective and objective cognitive function in the early and late prodrome. 前驱症状早期和晚期主客观认知功能的关系。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s43

Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stephan Ruhrmann, Heinz Picker, Heinrich Graf von Reventlow, Bianca Daumann, Anke Brockhaus-Dumke, Joachim Klosterkkötter, Ralf Pukrop

{"title":"Relationship between subjective and objective cognitive function in the early and late prodrome.","authors":"Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stephan Ruhrmann, Heinz Picker, Heinrich Graf von Reventlow, Bianca Daumann, Anke Brockhaus-Dumke, Joachim Klosterkkötter, Ralf Pukrop","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s43","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive disturbances have been demonstrated in individuals with potentially prodromal symptoms in objective-neuropsychological as well as subjective-symptomatic studies. Yet, the relation between subjective and objective deficits and to different prodromal states is unclear.Aims: To explore interactions between subjective and objective cognitive measures in different prodromal states.Method: In participants with an early (n=33) or late (n=69) initial prodromal state, cognitive subjective and objective deficits were assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.Results: Participants with an early initial prodromal state were less impaired than those with a late initial state. Subjective and objective cognitive deficits were unrelated, except time-limited neurocognitive speed measures and subjectively reduced stress tolerance, especially in participants with an early initial prodromal state.Conclusions: Subjective and objective cognitive deficits are generally unrelated in the psychosis prodrome and as such they can add complementary information valuable for prediction. However, possible associations between the two levels might be better detectable in the less impaired early initial prodromal state.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41051518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Cognitive and neural processes in non-clinical auditory hallucinations. 非临床幻听的认知和神经过程。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76

Emma Barkus, John Stirling, Richard Hopkins, Shane McKie, Shôn Lewis

{"title":"Cognitive and neural processes in non-clinical auditory hallucinations.","authors":"Emma Barkus, John Stirling, Richard Hopkins, Shane McKie, Shôn Lewis","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The nosological status of auditory hallucinations in non-clinical samples is unclear.Aims: To investigate the functional neural basis of non-clinical hallucinations.Method: After selection from 1206 people, 68 participants of high, medium and low hallucination proneness completed a task designed to elicit verbal hallucinatory phenomena under conditions of stimulus degradation. Eight subjects who reported hearing a voice when none was present repeated the task during functional imaging.Results: During the signal detection task, the high hallucination-prone participants reported a voice to be present when it was not (false alarms) significantly more often than the average or low participants (P<0.03, d.f.=2). On functional magnetic resonance imaging, patterns of activation during these false alarms showed activation in the superior and middle temporal cortex (P<0.001).Conclusions: Auditory hallucinatory experiences reported in non-clinical samples appear to be mediated by similar patterns of cerebral activation as found during hallucinations in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Basic symptoms in early psychotic and depressive disorders. 早期精神病和抑郁症的基本症状。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s31

Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stephan Ruhrmann, Heinz Picker, Heinrich Graf von Reventlow, Anke Brockhaus-Dumke, Joachim Klosterkötter

{"title":"Basic symptoms in early psychotic and depressive disorders.","authors":"Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stephan Ruhrmann, Heinz Picker, Heinrich Graf von Reventlow, Anke Brockhaus-Dumke, Joachim Klosterkötter","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is a frequent condition in early psychosis. Therefore, early detection instruments should distinguish depression from beginning psychosis.Aims: To examine whether basic symptoms, i.e. subtle subjective deficits, differ between participants suffering from a potential prodrome (n=146), first-episode schizophrenia (n=153) and non-psychotic depression (n=115).Method: Basic symptoms were assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument.Results: The prodrome and schizophrenia groups did not differ in level of basic symptoms but both had higher levels than the depression group. DSM-IV depression was frequent in those suffering from a potential prodrome (38%) and first-episode schizophrenia (21%). In both groups, participants with and without depression did not differ in basic symptoms. In multivariate analyses, consideration of current depression generally facilitated correct group classification, except for participants suffering from both a potential prodrome and depression.Conclusions: Cognitive basic symptoms distinguished well between all three groups. However, identification of persons suffering from a potential prodrome might be enhanced by considering current affective status.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s31-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41051516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Cognitive decline following psychosis onset: data from the PACE clinic. 精神病发作后认知能力下降:来自PACE诊所的数据。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s52

Stephen J Wood, Warrick J Brewer, Penny Koutsouradis, Lisa J Phillips, Shona M Francey, Tina M Proffitt, Alison R Yung, Henry J Jackson, Patrick D McGorry, Christos Pantelis

{"title":"Cognitive decline following psychosis onset: data from the PACE clinic.","authors":"Stephen J Wood, Warrick J Brewer, Penny Koutsouradis, Lisa J Phillips, Shona M Francey, Tina M Proffitt, Alison R Yung, Henry J Jackson, Patrick D McGorry, Christos Pantelis","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s52","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The origin of cognitive impairments in psychotic disorders is still unclear. Although some deficits are apparent prior to the onset of frank illness, it is unknown if they progress.Aims: To investigate whether cognitive function declined over the transition to psychosis in a group of ultra-high risk individuals.Method: Participants consisted of two groups: controls (n=17) and individuals at ultra-high risk for development of psychosis (n=16). Seven of the latter group later developed psychosis. Neuropsychological testing was conducted at baseline and again after at least a 12-month interval.Results: Both the Visual Reproduction sub-test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Trail-Making Test B showed a decline over the follow-up period that was specific to the group who became psychotic. In addition, both high-risk groups showed a decline in digit span performance. No other task showed significant change over time.Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that as psychosis develops there may be a specific decline in visual memory and attentional set-shifting, reflecting impairments in efficient organisation of visual stimuli. This may be caused by either the illness itself or treatment with antipsychotic medication.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s52-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41051519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Effects of cognitive therapy on the longitudinal development of psychotic experiences in people at high risk of developing psychosis. 认知疗法对精神病高风险人群精神病经历纵向发展的影响。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s82

P French, N Shryane, R P Bentall, S W Lewis, A P Morrison

{"title":"Effects of cognitive therapy on the longitudinal development of psychotic experiences in people at high risk of developing psychosis.","authors":"P French, N Shryane, R P Bentall, S W Lewis, A P Morrison","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s82","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There have been recent advances in the identification of people at high risk of psychosis and psychological treatments have shown promise for prevention.Aims: To compare the longitudinal course of psychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction in high-risk participants receiving cognitive therapy with those receiving treatment as usual.Method: Data from a recent randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for people at risk of developing psychosis were utilised to examine three different statistical models that were based on 432 measurements of psychotic experiences and 421 of emotional dysfunction (anxiety-depression) contributed by 57 participants across the 13 measurement occasions (monthly monitoring for a year).Results: Psychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction were correlated and decreased significantly over the course of the study, with most improvement in the early months. The reduction in positive symptoms, but not emotional dysfunction, was enhanced by allocation to cognitive therapy.Conclusions: Psychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction appear to interact in people at risk of developing psychosis. There appears to be a specific benefit of cognitive therapy.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s82-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s82","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39