The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement最新文献_第7页

Grey matter abnormalities in Brazilians with first-episode psychosis. 巴西首发精神病患者的灰质异常。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s117

Maristela S Schaufelberger, Fabio L S Duran, Julia M Lappin, Marcia Scazufca, Edson Amaro, Claudia C Leite, Claudio C de Castro, Robin M Murray, Philip K McGuire, Paulo R Menezes, Geraldo F Busatto

{"title":"Grey matter abnormalities in Brazilians with first-episode psychosis.","authors":"Maristela S Schaufelberger, Fabio L S Duran, Julia M Lappin, Marcia Scazufca, Edson Amaro, Claudia C Leite, Claudio C de Castro, Robin M Murray, Philip K McGuire, Paulo R Menezes, Geraldo F Busatto","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In low- and middle-income countries people with schizophrenia are reported to experience better outcomes than those in high-income countries.Aims: To examine structural brain differences in people with first-episode psychosis and controls in Brazil.Method: Magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry was performed on 122 people with first-episode psychosis and 94 controls.Results: There were significant decreases in grey matter in the left superior temporal and inferior prefrontal cortices, insula bilaterally and the right hippocampal region in first-episode psychosis (P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). The subgroup of people with schizophrenia (n=62) exhibited a similar pattern of decrease in grey matter relative to controls.Conclusions: Structural abnormalities reported in psychosis in high-income countries are also present in first-episode psychosis in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s117-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41052673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Impairment of self-monitoring: part of the endophenotypic risk for psychosis. 自我监控障碍:精神病的部分内表型风险。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s58

Dagmar Versmissen, Inez Myin-Germeys, Ilse Janssen, Nicolas Franck, Nicolas Georgieff, Joost a Campo, Ron Mengelers, Jim van Os, Lydia Krabbendam

{"title":"Impairment of self-monitoring: part of the endophenotypic risk for psychosis.","authors":"Dagmar Versmissen, Inez Myin-Germeys, Ilse Janssen, Nicolas Franck, Nicolas Georgieff, Joost a Campo, Ron Mengelers, Jim van Os, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s58","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A disorder of self-monitoring may underlie the positive symptoms of psychosis. The cognitive mechanisms associated with these symptoms may also be detectable in individuals at risk of psychosis.Aims: To investigate (a) whether patients with psychosis show impaired self-monitoring, (b) to what degree this is associated with positive symptoms, and (c) whether this is associated with liability to psychotic symptoms.Method: The sample included: individuals with a lifetime history of non-affective psychosis (n=37), a genetically defined risk group (n=41), a psychometrically defined risk group (n=40), and control group (n=49). All participants carried out an action-recognition task.Results: Number of action-recognition errors was associated with psychosis risk (OR linear trend over 3 levels:1.12, 95% CI1.04-1.20) and differential error rate was associated with the degree of delusional ideation in a dose-response fashion (OR linear trend over 3 levels:1.13, 95% CI1.00-1.26).Conclusions: Alterations in self-monitoring are associated with psychosis with evidence of specificity for delusional ideation. In the risk state, this is expressed more as failure to recognise self-generated actions, whereas in illness failure to recognise alien sources come to the fore.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Acute effects of treatment for prodromal symptoms for people putatively in a late initial prodromal state of psychosis. 治疗前驱症状对推定处于精神病晚期初始前驱状态的人的急性影响。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s88

S Ruhrmann, A Bechdolf, K-U Kühn, M Wagner, F Schultze-Lutter, B Janssen, K Maurer, H Häfner, W Gaebel, H-J Möller, W Maier, J Klosterkötter

{"title":"Acute effects of treatment for prodromal symptoms for people putatively in a late initial prodromal state of psychosis.","authors":"S Ruhrmann, A Bechdolf, K-U Kühn, M Wagner, F Schultze-Lutter, B Janssen, K Maurer, H Häfner, W Gaebel, H-J Möller, W Maier, J Klosterkötter","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s88","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People in a putatively late prodromal state not only have an enhanced risk for psychosis but already suffer from mental and functional disturbances.Aims: To evaluate the acute effects of a combined supportive and antipsychotic treatment on prodromal symptoms.Method: Putatively prodromal individuals were randomly assigned to a needs-focused intervention without (n=59) or with amisulpride (n=65). Outcome measures at 12-weeks effects were prodromal symptoms, global functioning and extrapyramidal side-effects.Results: Amisulpride plus the needs-focused intervention produced superior effects on attenuated and full-blown psychotic symptoms, basic, depressive and negative symptoms, and global functioning. Main side-effects were prolactin associated.Conclusions: Coadministration of amisulpride yielded a marked symptomatic benefit. Effects require confirmation by a placebo-controlled study.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

The Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team Study: general practitioner education and access to an early detection team in first-episode psychosis. Lambeth早发危机评估小组研究:全科医生教育和获得首发精神病的早期检测小组。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s133

Paddy Power, Eduardo Iacoponi, Nicola Reynolds, Helen Fisher, Morris Russell, Philippa Garety, Phillip K McGuire, Tom Craig

{"title":"The Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team Study: general practitioner education and access to an early detection team in first-episode psychosis.","authors":"Paddy Power, Eduardo Iacoponi, Nicola Reynolds, Helen Fisher, Morris Russell, Philippa Garety, Phillip K McGuire, Tom Craig","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are few evaluations of strategies to improve rates of early detection and treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis.Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a general practitioner (GP) education programme and an early detection assessment team (the Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team; LEO CAT) in reducing delays in accessing treatment for first-episode psychosis patients.Method: 46 clusters of GP practices randomised to GP education in early detection with direct access to LEO CAT v. care as usual. Primary outcome measures were GP referral rates, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and delays in receiving treatment.Results: 150 patients with first-episode psychosis were recruited; 113 were registered with the study GPs, who referred 54 (47.7%) directly to mental health services. Significantly more intervention group GPs (86.1% v. 65.7%) referred their patients directly to mental health services and fewer patients experienced long delays in receiving treatment. However, their overall DUP was unaffected.Conclusions: Educating GPs improves detection and referral rates of first-episode psychosis patients. An early detection team reduces the long delays in initial assessment and treatment. However, these only impact on the later phases of the DUP. Broader measures, such as public health education, are needed to reduce the earlier delays in DUP.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s133-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41051512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Prediction of psychosis: setting the stage. 精神病的预测:设定阶段。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s1

Alison R Yung, Patrick D McGorry

引用次数: 104

Grey matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis. 首发精神分裂症和情感性精神病的灰质异常。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s111

Kevin D Morgan, Paola Dazzan, Kenneth G Orr, Gerard Hutchinson, Xavier Chitnis, John Suckling, David Lythgoe, Sarah-Jayne Pollock, Susan Rossell, Jane Shapleske, Paul Fearon, Craig Morgan, Anthony David, Philip K McGuire, Peter B Jones, Julian Leff, Robin M Murray

{"title":"Grey matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis.","authors":"Kevin D Morgan, Paola Dazzan, Kenneth G Orr, Gerard Hutchinson, Xavier Chitnis, John Suckling, David Lythgoe, Sarah-Jayne Pollock, Susan Rossell, Jane Shapleske, Paul Fearon, Craig Morgan, Anthony David, Philip K McGuire, Peter B Jones, Julian Leff, Robin M Murray","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Grey matter and other structural brain abnormalities are consistently reported in first-onset schizophrenia, but less is known about the extent of neuroanatomical changes in first-onset affective psychosis.Aims: To determine which brain abnormalities are specific to (a) schizophrenia and (b) affective psychosis.Method: We obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) magnetic resonance images and carried out voxel-based analysis on the images of 73 patients with first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia n=44, affective psychosis n=29) and 58 healthy controls.Results: Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with affective psychosis had enlarged lateral and third ventricle volumes. Regional cortical grey matter reductions (including bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, left insula and left fusiform gyrus) were evident in affective psychosis but not in schizophrenia, although patients with schizophrenia displayed decreased hippocampal grey matter and increased striatal grey matter at a more liberal statistical threshold.Conclusions: Both schizophrenia and affective psychosis are associated with volumetric abnormalities at the onset of frank psychosis, with some of these evident in common brain areas.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s111-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41052672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Duration of prodromal phase and severity of volumetric abnormalities in first-episode psychosis. 首发精神病的前驱期持续时间和容积异常的严重程度。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s123

Julia M Lappin, Paola Dazzan, Kevin Morgan, Craig Morgan, Xavier Chitnis, John Suckling, Paul Fearon, Peter B Jones, Julian Leff, Robin M Murray, Philip K McGuire

{"title":"Duration of prodromal phase and severity of volumetric abnormalities in first-episode psychosis.","authors":"Julia M Lappin, Paola Dazzan, Kevin Morgan, Craig Morgan, Xavier Chitnis, John Suckling, Paul Fearon, Peter B Jones, Julian Leff, Robin M Murray, Philip K McGuire","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: First-episode psychosis is typically preceded by a prodrome in which there is deterioration in global and social functioning.Aims: To examine whether the duration of the prodromal phase influences grey and white matter volumes at the onset of psychosis.Methods: Eighty-two people were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when they developed a first episode of psychosis. The duration of the prodromal phase was estimated from detailed interviews and medical records. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess neuroanatomical abnormalities.Results: A long prodromal phase was associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the cingulate, frontal and left insular cortex, and with less white matter volume bilaterally in the superior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi and the cingulum.Conclusions: The severity of volumetric abnormalities in first-episode psychosis was greater in those with a long prodrome.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s123-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41052674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis. 具有高危精神状态的个体后来发展为精神病的大脑结构异常。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.51.s69

Stefan J Borgwardt, Philip K McGuire, Jacqueline Aston, Gregor Berger, Paola Dazzan, Ute Gschwandtner, Marlon Pflüger, Marcus D'Souza, Ernst-Wilhelm Radue, Anita Riecher-Rössler

{"title":"Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis.","authors":"Stefan J Borgwardt, Philip K McGuire, Jacqueline Aston, Gregor Berger, Paola Dazzan, Ute Gschwandtner, Marlon Pflüger, Marcus D'Souza, Ernst-Wilhelm Radue, Anita Riecher-Rössler","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.51.s69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s69","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neuroanatomical abnormalities are a well-established feature of schizophrenia. However, the timing of their emergence and the extent to which they are related to vulnerability to the disorder as opposed to psychotic illness itself is unclear.Aims: To assess regional grey matter volume in the at-risk individuals who subsequently developed psychosis.Method: Magnetic resonance imaging data from at-risk individuals who developed psychosis (n=12) within the following 25 months were compared with data from healthy volunteers (n=22) and people with first-episode psychosis (n=25).Results: Compared with healthy volunteers, individuals who subsequently developed psychosis had smaller grey matter volume in the posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and paracentral lobule bilaterally and in the left superior parietal lobule, and greater grey matter volume in a left parietal/posterior temporal region. Compared with first-episode patients, they had relatively greater grey matter volume in the temporal gyrus bilaterally and smaller grey matter volume in the right lentiform nucleus.Conclusions: Some of the structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state may be related to an increased vulnerability to psychosis, while others are associated with the development of a psychotic illness.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"51 ","pages":"s69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41053139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 146

Neuroimaging and other neurobiological indices in schizophrenia: relationship to measurement of functional outcome. 精神分裂症的神经影像学和其他神经生物学指标:与功能结果测量的关系。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.50.s52

John L Waddington

{"title":"Neuroimaging and other neurobiological indices in schizophrenia: relationship to measurement of functional outcome.","authors":"John L Waddington","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.50.s52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s52","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As understanding of the pathobiology of schizophrenia increases, the challenge is to relate such measures to outcome at a functional level.Aims: To consider our current understanding of how neurobiological variables relate to functional outcome and might constitute outcome measures in their own right.Method: Critical appraisal of recent evidence on structural and functional imaging, neurological evaluation, early neurodevelopmental indices, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and apoptotic mechanisms in relation to outcome.Results: Studies conducted prospectively from the first episode of schizophrenia are generating more reliable findings but currently lack predictive power. Prediction oftransition from 'highrisk' status to first episode has proved somewhat more fruitful, butthe gain has been modest and circumscribed.Conclusions: Our current level of understanding does not yet allow the generation of predictive models on an individual patient basis. Genomic and metabolomic studies hold particular potential for generating clinically meaningful 'biomarkers' but considerable further work is necessary.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"50 ","pages":"s52-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27092323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Adverse effects of antipsychotics as outcome measures. 抗精神病药物的不良反应作为结局指标。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.50.s64

Samantha Hamer, Peter M Haddad

{"title":"Adverse effects of antipsychotics as outcome measures.","authors":"Samantha Hamer, Peter M Haddad","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.50.s64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antipsychotic drugs are associated with adverse effects that can lead to poor medication adherence, stigma, distress and impaired quality of life.Aims: To review the use of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs as outcome measures, with a particular emphasis on methodological issues.Method: Review of data on adverse effects from sources including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), post-marketing surveillance and naturalistic studies.Results: All have advantages and disadvantages and the best overview comes from considering all sources of data together. Adverse effects are inconsistently reported, hampering cross-study comparisons. Many outcome measures lack clinical meaning. In both naturalistic studies and RCTs adverse effects often account for less treatment discontinuation than lack of efficacy.Conclusions: Standardisation in the reporting of adverse effects is needed. Patients' subjective experience of medication should be given more consideration. Total discontinuation rates provide a useful global outcome measure that incorporates tolerability and efficacy as well as patient and clinician viewpoints. Patients should be informed of common side-effects prior to treatment and monitored for their occurrence during treatment.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"50 ","pages":"s64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27092325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 63