Agricultural Systems最新文献

{"title":"SErious Game for AgroEcology (SEGAE): How much can be delivered with a 4-hour lesson?","authors":"Mireille De Graeuwe,&nbsp;Benjamin Dumont,&nbsp;Kevin Maréchal","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>European agriculture faces numerous challenges, and agroecology has emerged as a promising alternative. To facilitate this transition, integrating agroecology into agricultural education is crucial. However, its systemic and interdisciplinary nature makes it difficult to teach and learn. To support teaching, the “SErious Game for AgroEcology” (SEGAE) was developed. SEGAE is a simulated mixed crop–livestock farm model in which players can learn by doing.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aims to (1) assess the effectiveness of SEGAE in a 4-h lesson led by a single teacher, (2) examine the potential added value of classroom-based lessons compared to a fully online setting, and (3) analyze how students from different disciplinary backgrounds acquire agroecological knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>METHOD</h3><div>A teacher conducted three identical 4-h lessons using SEGAE, involving undergraduate bioengineering students from four specializations. One lesson was conducted fully online, while the other two were classroom-based. Each lesson included theory, game sessions, and pre- and post-surveys to assess knowledge acquisition. Student scores were converted to percentages and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired <em>t</em>-tests, and multiple regressions. Feedback on the learning experience was collected through 36 statements related to ‘flow’ – the level of immersion in a task. A two-factor ANOVA and a Tukey test were performed. A PCA explored the flow-knowledge acquisition relationship.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The results show that students significantly increased their knowledge in agroecology. No significant difference between the online and classroom-based lessons on knowledge acquisition could be demonstrated. However, a negative effect was found between the online session and the reported flow levels. A striking result was the increased performance of students upon answering open-ended questions, which required them to articulate knowledge. Moreover, most students enjoyed the game (91 %) and believed it enhanced their agroecology knowledge (92 %).</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>SEGAE, in a 4-h lesson with a single teacher, is a relevant tool for teaching agroecology, achieving comparable results in knowledge acquisition and flow to a longer workshop. The impact is particularly evident in open-ended questions. The study provides complementary evidence of a link between the increase in absolute knowledge and two factors of flow: feedback and social interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivar shifts have offset climate warming impacts on soybean phenology in China since 1981","authors":"Qinghang Mei ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jichong Han ,&nbsp;Jie Song ,&nbsp;Fei Cheng ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhuang ,&nbsp;Huaqing Wu ,&nbsp;Jialu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Crop phenology is a critical ecological indicator reflecting the impact of climate change on agricultural systems. As soybean is one of the most important economic crops in China, investigating the dynamics and drivers of soybean phenology is essential for developing adaptation options.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>The objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in key soybean phenological stages and growth periods across China from 1981 to 2020, understand their responses to various climatic factors, and disentangle the contributions of different climatic and anthropogenic factors between the cooler (1981–2000) and the warmer (2001−2020) periods.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The latest and comprehensive observations, including phenological and climatic information, at 71 agro-meteorological stations across China from 1981 to 2020 were used. By using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer–CROPGRO (DSSAT-CROPGRO) crop phenology mechanism model and statistical methods, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of soybean phenology, and then disentangled the contributions of different climatic and anthropogenic factors to changes in the growth period through factorial simulation experiments.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The overall trends in all the soybean phenological dates were delayed, with the growth period (GP) slightly shortened. On average, climate change shortened the GP by 1.7 days/decade from 1981 to 2020, whereas cultivar shifts extended the GP by 3.1 days/decade, offsetting the negative impact of climate change. The impacts of climate on soybean phenology significantly weakened from 2001 to 2020 relative to 1981–2000. The shortening of the GP by climatic drivers decreased from 5.9 to 1.3 days/decade, whereas the GP elongation by cultivar shifts decreased from 6.7 to 3.3 days/decade.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>Our findings reveal the trends in soybean phenology and its drivers in China over the past 40 years, and deepen the understanding of the impacts of climate change and the adaptation of soybean production, providing a solid foundation for the development of climate change adaptation options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the economic and environmental benefits of rice-soybean diversification in South Korea","authors":"Seojin Cho ,&nbsp;Heeyeun Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Climate change, food security concerns, and the need for environmental sustainability pose significant challenges to agricultural systems worldwide. South Korea's heavy reliance on rice monoculture underscores its vulnerability to these challenges, necessitating exploration of crop diversification as a potential solution.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><div>This study assesses the vulnerability of the current rice production system to climate-driven yield changes and evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of transition to soybean cultivation as an alternative.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This study employs a regional integrated assessment approach to predict the adoption rates of soybean cultivation. By combining site-specific yield estimates, farm-level economic data, and economic modeling, the research assesses potential outcomes focusing on farm income, domestic supply, and greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Results show that soybean adoption offers economic benefits and emission reductions, particularly for larger farms. However, small farms face greater climate risks, necessitating targeted policy support. Despite soybean's economic potential under current climate and economic conditions, its adoption remains limited. This suggests that factors beyond profitability influence farmers' crop choices.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This study highlights the need for region-specific policies that not only incentivize soybean adoption but also address the broader socioeconomic barriers hindering crop diversification efforts, ultimately enhancing climate resilience, food security, and emission reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impacts of chemicals reduction on arable farms through an integrated agro-economic model","authors":"Rebecca Buttinelli,&nbsp;Gabriele Dono,&nbsp;Raffaele Cortignani","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>The concurrent global demands of ensuring food production, preserving the environment, and responsibly managing natural resources, shape the formulation of EU policies, influencing farmers' decision-making processes and production activities. In this context the Farm to Fork Strategy plays a crucial role, setting specific targets such as a 50 % and a 20 % reduction in pesticides and fertilizers use by 2030.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This paper addresses the growing concern regarding the potential adverse effects of the Farm to Fork Strategy's targets on EU agricultural production, with a particular focus on Italian arable farms cultivating maize. The objectives are to analyze the impact of F2F targets on chemical reduction on Italian arable farms and maize grain production, identifying vulnerable areas and farms.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A Farm Accountancy Data Network sample of 395 arable farms is analyzed through an integrated approach, combining an agro-economic supply model with an econometrically estimated translog production function. This integration enhances the model's flexibility, endogenizing maize grain gross saleable product, fertilizers, and pesticide quantities. This approach enables an assessment of the F2F targets' economic impacts in terms of economic variables and resource use, production output, and chemical intensity at the farm and crop level.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Our findings indicate that reducing chemical inputs may lead to declines in agricultural production, income, and added value for Italian arable farms in the short to medium term, alongside reductions in variable costs, irrigation water, and labor. Maize grain production is particularly vulnerable in less suitable areas, such as the Central-South. However, significant impacts are also observed in more intensive regions like North-West Italy, while the North-East is less affected due to greater input efficiency and lower costs. While crop diversification helps mitigate the impact at the farm level, it does not fully offset the effects on maize production.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>The application of uniform targets across Europe poses a significant risk to agricultural production in the short term, especially for certain sectors. To facilitate the transition to low-input agriculture, it is crucial to develop region-specific strategies and provide support to vulnerable areas and farms. The EU Commission's reconsideration of chemical reduction targets introduces new challenges, highlighting the need for solutions that balance production and environmental sustainability. This underscores the critical role of such analyses in understanding the dynamics of production processes and the impact of such policies by identifying specific vulnerabilities of sectors, regions, and contexts and supporting policy implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk monitoring of pine wilt disease based on semi-dynamic spatial prediction in South Korea","authors":"Sunhee Yoon ,&nbsp;Jae-Min Jung ,&nbsp;Donghyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Jinhyeong Hwang ,&nbsp;Yuri Park ,&nbsp;Wang-Hee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>, is the deadliest disease affecting pine trees, and causes severe economic and ecological damage in South Korea. Therefore, monitoring PWD is a national campaign necessary for timely control of the disease.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><div>We aimed to develop a model that predicts PWD on a monthly and to use this model to build information that can be utilized for practical monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This study developed a semi-dynamic species distribution model to predict the monthly probability of PWD occurrence in South Korea, incorporating climate and anthropogenic factors along with monthly PWD occurrence data. The model was further refined by classifying risk levels across administrative districts, making it applicable for practical monitoring. Additionally, an ensemble model was created by integrating monthly PWD predictions with host distribution data. This approach identifies the most vulnerable areas at risk of PWD outbreaks, offering a targeted strategy for disease management and prevention.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The results showed the highest likelihood of PWD occurrence around actual outbreak areas; however, monthly variations in disease occurrence areas were observed. Notably, owing to vector activity, the potential for spread to areas where outbreaks had not yet occurred was the highest during the summer season. Additionally, because factors contributing to PWD vary by season, monitoring should be conducted monthly, whereas the monitoring map identifies areas that require intensive management throughout the year.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This study not only provides the foundational data necessary for establishing practical monitoring strategies for PWD but also offers an approach for the semi-dynamic prediction of species distribution modeling based on monthly data. These methods are expected to be useful in developing spatial prediction and monitoring strategies for forest pests and diseases over time, which are relatively limited in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104253"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing rice management to reduce methane emissions and maintain yield with the CSM-CERES-rice model","authors":"Dorsa Darikandeh ,&nbsp;Ali Shahnazari ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Khoshravesh ,&nbsp;Mostafa Yousefian ,&nbsp;Cheryl H. Porter ,&nbsp;Gerrit Hoogenboom","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Irrigated paddy fields are major contributors to methane (CH₄) emissions, significantly impacting global warming. Flood irrigation, the traditional method for rice cultivation, significantly increases water consumption and CH₄ emissions.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>The primary objective of this study was to quantify the benefits of deficit irrigation in reducing CH₄ emissions and maintaining yield compared to traditional flood irrigation using a systems analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The field study was conducted from May to August in both 2015 and 2016 at the Rice Research Institute in Amol, northern Iran. The site has a warm temperate climate, with the soil characterized as silty clay loam. The data collected during these two years were used for the calibration and evaluation of the CSM-CERES-Rice model. Calibration was performed using the data collected in 2016 while the model's performance was evaluated using data collected in 2015. Following model calibration and evaluation, a seasonal analysis was employed to assess alternative management practices for single growing seasons. This analysis feature of DSSAT allowed us to evaluate alternate management scenarios with the model using 35 years of long-term historical daily weather data from 1984 to 2018 obtained from a local weather station.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The simulation revealed that early rice planting, in April or May, yielded the highest production and the lowest CH₄ emissions, when using the direct seeding method. This strategy resulted in a 15 % increase in yield, 13 % better irrigation efficiency, and a 9 % reduction in CH₄ emissions compared to transplanting. Among tillage systems, no-tillage further reduced CH₄ emissions by 29 % without compromising yield or irrigation efficiency. Although sowing depth did not significantly affect CH₄ emissions or yield, an optimal depth of 10–15 cm was identified. Additionally, maintaining a plant population of 10 transplants per hill exhibited the lowest CH₄ emissions compared to higher plant populations. Higher nitrogen fertilization rates increased both yield and CH₄ emissions. In conclusion, the best approach among different strategies was early cultivation for direct-seeded rice coupled with a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 250 kg ha⁻¹, resulting in both the highest yield and the lowest emissions simultaneously.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>The findings from this study offer a comprehensive exploration, identifying specific agronomic practices that optimize rice cultivation by enhancing yield, conserving water, and significantly reducing CH₄ emissions, thereby providing actionable insights for policymakers and farmers in fostering sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional modelling of rice yields and nitrogen loss in Hubei Province using the WHCNS model","authors":"Chao Li ,&nbsp;Xinrui Shi ,&nbsp;William D. Batcholer ,&nbsp;Puyu Feng ,&nbsp;Kelin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization has led to serious environmental problems. Exploring the spatial distribution of rice yields and N loss is crucial to determine optimal N fertilizer management. However, previous studies are mostly based on field scale, it's a big challenge to use model approach to explore the spatial distribution and influencing factors of rice yields and N loss due to lack of field management, soil and crop information at regional scale.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the WHCNS (soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator) model in simulating rice yield and N loss at regional scale, explore the spatial distribution of yield and N loss under traditional water and N management, and determine the main factors causing spatial differences in Hubei Province.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The WHCNS model was calibrated and validated using data collected on statistical yields and N losses in Hubei Province. Then, the model was used to simulate rice yield and NH₃ volatilization, denitrification, N leaching and runoff for single, early and late season rice at regional scale. The spatial distribution of yield and N loss and their correlation with meteorological factors and soil properties were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The WHCNS model performed well in simulation of regional rice yield and N loss compared with other models. <em>R</em>² and <em>d</em> of simulated and measured yields, ammonia volatilization and N runoff were &gt; 0.55 and 0.84 respectively. The yield was higher in central Hubei and lower in western and southeastern Hubei, mainly driven by solar radiation and temperature, soil clay content, pH and bulk density. N runoff loss decreased from east to west of Hubei, mainly affected by rainfall and temperature for single and early season rice, and bulk density for late season rice. Higher N leaching and denitrification in northwestern Hubei were related to high nutrient content (soil total N and organic matter) and poor aeration. Higher NH₃ emission was found in eastern Hubei, mainly affected by temperature and precipitation. The average total N loss for single, early and late season rice was 77.2, 65.6, and 81.5 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, accounting for 33.6 %, 31.5 %, and 40.8 % of the N application rates.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>The WHCNS model was used to determine the spatial distribution and main factors influencing rice yields and N loss in Hubei Province. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing N management to minimize N loss while maintaining yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A farm typology development cycle: From empirical development through validation, to large-scale organisational deployment","authors":"Rhys Manners ,&nbsp;Jim Hammond ,&nbsp;David Renaud Umugabe ,&nbsp;Milindi Sibomana ,&nbsp;Marc Schut","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>The publication of farm (or farmer) typologies has increased over recent years. The purpose of these studies is usually to differentiate groups of farmers so that they are “targeted” with specific agricultural innovations, or best-bet interventions can be “prioritised”. The degree to which such typologies actually influence development practice is however unclear, and little has been published on that topic.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>The paper aims to move narratives and practices around farm typologies from theoretical to applied and present a novel methodology for typology validation. We worked with a large-scale development organisation to develop a typology for their use, and report here on the process of enabling the organisation to make use of the typology. The lessons from this process are intended to inform the use of farm typologies in agricultural development work.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A typology of farming households was derived from a household survey in Rwanda (previously published), in partnership with a large-scale agricultural development organisation. Responding to the organisation's requests, the researchers created a decision tree tool to rapidly assign households to types; conducted validation exercises to establish confidence in the typology and the decision tree (making adaptations as needed). Validation was with farmers and extensionists and included developing key word and pictorial representations of farm types which were compared against the empirical typology. The decision tree was tested and questions adapted to maximise accuracy. The organisation then used the tools for a period of two years. Finally, the researchers interviewed representatives of the organisation to find out how the tools had been used.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The typology validation exercises showed a high level of agreement between farmers and extensionists, and a moderate level of agreement between the empirical typology and the types defined by farmers and extensionists. There was a low level of agreement in the Western province of Rwanda, where the socio-economic situation was radically different to other areas, which had not been accounted for in the empirical typology definition. Establishing the correct questions in the decision tree tool proved important. The organisation reduced the number of farm types, and categorised over 350,000 households, with four use cases developed for the farm typologies: planning for the recruitment of clients (farming households are referred to as clients by the organisation), client needs assessment, intervention adoption rate assessment, and monitoring of farmers along the organisation's conception of their (farmers') journey to prosperity.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This study provides lessons on what is required for the application of farm typologies by development organisations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field estimates of current and predicted cotton yield loss due to pink bollworm and boll rot in India","authors":"Babasaheb B. Fand ,&nbsp;Vivek Shah ,&nbsp;D.T. Nagrale ,&nbsp;D.J. Mahule ,&nbsp;S.P. Gawande ,&nbsp;S.H. Thube ,&nbsp;K. Pandiyan ,&nbsp;Indal Ramteke ,&nbsp;Rishi Kumar ,&nbsp;K. Rameash ,&nbsp;T. Prabhulinga ,&nbsp;V.S. Nagrare ,&nbsp;G.T. Behere ,&nbsp;Y.G. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The development of pink bollworm (PBW) resistance to Bt cotton and the rise of boll rot (BR) disease pose significant challenges to cotton production in India. Both PBW and BR significantly reduce cotton yields by damaging seeds and lint. Damage caused by PBW often resembles BR infection leading to misdiagnosis and incorrect control measures. The lack of precise methods for quantifying yield losses caused by PBW and BR prompted genesis of this study.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to develop a reliable and robust method for quantifying yield losses caused by PBW and BR, and to predict future yield loss trends for PBW by integrating a phenology model with field data collected from various cotton-growing regions of India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Yield loss calculation involved assessing the PBW and BR incidence levels and working proportionate weight loss in randomly sampled loculi from cotton fields. Using a temperature-driven phenology model coupled with a geographic information system, PBW infestation risk was mapped across India's cotton-growing areas and its population growth was simulated under various climate change scenarios predicting temperature rise between 0.5 and 2.5 °C over current temperature. Phenology model driven activity index, expressed as population abundance of PBW was regressed over field damage data from 15 different Indian cotton-growing locations to predict future yield loss trends under climate change scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Without control measures, PBW and BR individually could cause potential yield losses of ∼25 %, equating to an annual loss of 4.27 million tons out of 17.09 million tons of seed cotton produced in India. With control measures, PBW caused an actual yield loss of 3.75 %, equating 0.64 million tons of seed cotton, annually. Currently PBW undergoes over six generations annually in about 60 % of India's cotton-growing areas, increasing to 80 % by 2050 with climate change. Future PBW population abundance is expected to decline due to reduced survival and reproduction at higher temperatures, resulting in a slight decline in future yield loss trends.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study provides a robust and reliable tool for quick yield loss assessment during pest or disease outbreaks and also introduces a new dimension of linking PBW phenology model with actual field damage data to improve management strategies for cotton pink bollworm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological indicators for monitoring coffee agroforestry systems in protected areas: A case study in São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"Vitoria Duarte Derisso ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gomes César ,&nbsp;Ricardo Augusto Gorne Viani ,&nbsp;Haroldo Borges Gomes ,&nbsp;Edson Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Biodiverse coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) offer high potential for forest restoration. However, long-term monitoring using appropriate indicators is necessary to ensure successful ecological restoration. In the State of São Paulo, Brazil, legal instruments define ecological indicators and reference values for monitoring AFS-mediated ecological restoration.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>We assessed whether biodiverse coffee AFS of different age groups achieved legal reference values in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and recommended strategies for improving legal instruments.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>We evaluated four ecological indicators in AFS areas of two age groups and compared them with reference values. Additionally, we analyzed the relationships among the ecological indicators under study.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</h3><div>Half of the AFS sites did not achieve reference values for all ecological indicators, primarily owing to the management practices used. Additionally, we found that canopy cover had a direct relationship with soil cover; thus, not only did most AFS areas where farmers pruned native trees had canopy cover values lower than those required by legislation but, indeed, lower than the reference value for soil cover. However, this is subject to improvement via ecological restoration-friendly practices, reinforcing the feasibility of establishing this AFS design in protected areas. Despite proper choice of ecological indicators, we recommend that tree and sapling population density be measured separately.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>Despite its narrow scope, this study provided novel insights into the effects of coffee AFS management on the trajectory of ecological restoration and on the construction of proper monitoring frameworks using ecological indicators evaluated in other Brazilian regions or countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}