Aesthetic Surgery Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Clinically Relevant Model for Hands-on Training in Ultrasound-Guided Gluteal Fat Grafting: The Miami Butt Model.","authors":"Emily R Finkelstein, Pat Pazmiño, Onelio Garcia","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many board-certified plastic surgeons believe that accessibility of hands-on training in Ultrasound-Guided Gluteal Fat Grafting, (US-GGFG) is insufficient. Cadaver models used to practice ultrasound-guided fat grafting, have proven to be expensive and difficult to procure.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The authors present a novel, clinically relevant, buttock model, and compare this model with the costs and logistics of the cadaver model with the aim of providing affordable hands-on training for US-GGFG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinically relevant buttock model, Miami Butt Model, (MBM) was created by attaching a hemi- abdominoplasty specimen to a portion of pork belly with its skin attached.The costs and logistics related to two separate ultrasound-guided BBL workshops, one using cadaver specimens and the other using the MBM were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The specimen costs for a workshop with 20 participants (10 stations with one cadaver specimen for 2 participants), were $4,580 per station. After adding the cost of delivery and disposal for the cadaver specimens ($7,770), the total price for a 10-cadaver specimen workshop would amount to $53,570. The MBM was found to be anatomically relevant and provided a close facsimile of US-GGFG experience in human subjects, at a cost of $47 per specimen. The MBM cost of specimens for a 20-participant workshop would total $940 compared to a cadaver-based workshop with specimen costs of $53,570.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to the cadaver model, the MBM is significantly less expensive and allows the participant to perform US-GGFG on a close facsimile of human gluteal anatomy, improving the accessibility of US-GGFG training.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Radiofrequency-assisted Liposuction (BodyTite) for \"Chest Lift\" in Patients Undergoing Gynecomastia Correction.","authors":"Jayanthy Ravindran, Aneesh Suresh","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher grades of gynecomastia with marked skin excess, enlarged nipple-areola complex (NAC), and a feminine chest shape poses certain unique challenges. In order to achieve outcomes similar to the lower grades, management of excess skin and enlarged NAC is critical. Surgical removal of excess skin produces visible scars while repositioning of NAC with a free nipple graft leads to loss of sensation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the skin tightening or \"chest lift\" and reduction in NAC area achieved with a combination treatment of RF energy and PAL to those treated with PAL alone in higher grades of gynecomastia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective comparative analysis of 118 patients with gynecomastia grade 2b and 3 (59 in each group) who underwent primary surgery was done. Gynecomastia grade 1 and 2a, secondary surgery, and unilateral gynecomastia were excluded. Preoperative measurements included SN-NAC (Sternal notch to NAC) distance on each side, IND (Inter-nipple distance), and area of each NAC. Post-operative measurements were repeated at 6 months and 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SN-NAC and IN distance decreased significantly in patients treated with combination of RF energy and PAL (p<0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the NAC area with reduced secondary deformities of skin/NAC in these patients (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of RF energy to PAL achieves a quicker and more effective \"chest lift\" as compared to PAL alone to produce a more masculine chest. The skin tightening and reduction in the areas of NAC can obviate the need for secondary correctional procedures and its associated abnormal wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the Development of a Plastic Surgery-specific Large Language Model.","authors":"Kian Daneshi, Hilary Y Liu, Francesco M Egro","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asj/sjaf072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Cannula Selection: A Cadaveric Study of Arterial Diameters in Facial Artery Branches and Periorbital Arteries.","authors":"Kyu-Ho Yi, Jovian Wan, Carlos Bautzer, Benjamin Ascher, Michael Gold","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding facial vascular anatomy is critical to minimising complications in injectable aesthetic treatments. Data on arterial diameters in key facial regions remain limited, hindering safe cannula selection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide accurate measurements of facial and periorbital arterial diameters to inform cannula selection and explore the relationship between arterial dimensions and potential vascular complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bilateral dissections were conducted on 49 cadavers of Korean and Thai descent. Measurements of the facial artery branches and periorbital arteries were performed using standardised imaging techniques and analysed with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). For each artery, multiple segments were measured to account for variations along the vessel length, and both point-specific and average measurements were recorded to acknowledge the limitations of mean-based approaches. The study was conducted between January 2023 and October 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arterial diameters varied significantly, from 0.7 mm in the dorsal nasal artery to 2.1 mm in the submandibular and superficial temporal arteries. Point-specific measurements revealed variations of up to 23% within individual vessels, highlighting the dynamic nature of arterial dimensions. While larger arteries theoretically present lower risk for intravascular penetration by standard cannulas, this relationship requires clinical validation in living tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the authors' cadaveric measurements provide anatomical insights, the translation to enhanced safety in clinical practice requires cautious interpretation. The relationship between cannula diameter and arterial dimensions is one of several factors that may influence the risk of vascular complications. Further studies on diverse populations and dynamic vascular anatomy are recommended to establish evidence-based cannula selection protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Surgical Concept for Simon's Grade 2B Gynecomastia: A Systematic Integration of Circumareolar Mastectomy, Interlocking Suture, Inframammary Fold Detachment, and Waterjet-Assisted Liposuction for Superior Long-term Outcomes.","authors":"Andreas Wolter, Sonia M Fertsch, Marc Daniels, Katrin Seidenstuecker, Beatrix Munder, Mazen Hagouan, Dirk Janku, Robert J Musmann, Christoph Andree, Dennis Hammond","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gynecomastia, particularly Simon's Grade IIb, poses aesthetic and psychological challenges due to glandular excess and skin redundancy. Standard circumareolar mastectomy (CM) often leads to hypertrophic scarring, areolar widening, and suboptimal contouring.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate a combined surgical approach integrating Circumareolar Mastectomy (CM), Circumareolar Interlocking Suture (CIS), Inframammary Fold Detachment (IFD), and Waterjet-Assisted Liposuction (WAL) in achieving improved aesthetic and functional outcomes for Simon's Grade IIb gynecomastia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 95 patients (176 breasts) treated between April 2017 and December 2023. Of these, 72 patients (130 breasts) received the combined CM+CIS+IFD+WAL approach. Key outcomes included complication rates, nipple-areola complex (NAC) sensitivity, areolar diameter, and patient satisfaction assessed via the BODY-Q Chest and Nipples Scale. Mean follow-up was 17 months, with a subset followed up to 91 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean operative time was 85.1 minutes, and average hospital stay was 2.75 days. The overall complication rate was 7.7%, with no cases of complete NAC necrosis. Areolar diameter significantly decreased postoperatively (p < 0.001). At 12 months, 71.2% of patients were \"very satisfied\" with scarring, and BODY-Q scores showed significant improvements in both chest and nipple domains. NAC sensation was preserved in 88.4% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CM+CIS+IFD+WAL technique offers a safe, effective, and aesthetically superior option for treating Simon's Grade IIb gynecomastia, with low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. Follow-up data suggest stable long-term outcomes, supporting the method's broader clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Lateral Canthoplasty Simultaneously for Lateral and Vertical Palpebral Fissure Enlargement.","authors":"Peng Xu, Yi Zheng, Huizhen Huang, Rulin Huang, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cosmetic lateral canthoplasty and cosmetic vertical enlargement of the palpebral aperture have been reported one after another to enlarge palpebral fissures in East Asia. However, two separate operations are required to achieve this objective.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here, we introduce a new lateral canthoplasty technique for the simultaneous lateral and vertical enlargement of the palpebral fissure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records of patients who underwent the new lateral canthoplasty from February of 2018 to February of 2023 were reviewed. Images were collected and imported using Image-Pro Plus 6 software. Measurements included the four aspects: (1) distance from the mid-pupillary to the lateral canthus; (2) the inclination between medial canthus and lateral canthus; (3) distance from the pupil midpoint to the lower eyelid margin; (4) distance from the pupil midpoint to the lower eyelid margin at the lateral limbus margin. The satisfaction rates and complications were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six months after surgery, the distances from the mid-pupillary to the lateral canthus, from the pupil midpoint to the lower eyelid margin, and from the pupil midpoint to the lower eyelid margin at the lateral limbus margin were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. However, the inclination between the medial and lateral canthus significantly decreased. No severe complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new lateral canthoplasty is an effective and stable, with natural looking and fewer complications technique for simultaneously extending the length of the palpebral fissure, decreasing the inclination between the medial and lateral canthus, and enlarging the vertical distance of the palpebral aperture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide Double-Eyelid Fold Repair Using an Orbital Septum Flap and Suborbicularis Oculi Fascial Fat Flap in Cases Requiring Preservation of the Original Incision Scar.","authors":"Qian Chen, Gang Zhang, Gaofeng Li, Xiaojia Liu","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Double-eyelid blepharoplasty is a common cosmetic surgery. However, blepharoplasty can lead to poor results, necessitating repair surgery. One of the most frequent poor results after double-eyelid blepharoplasty is an excessively wide double-eyelid fold.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of wide double-eyelid repair using orbital septum and suborbicularis oculi fascial-fat flap in cases requiring preservation of the original incision scar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June 2019 to June 2022, This retrospective study included 35 patients who underwent wide double-eyelid repair. The orbital septum and suborbicularis oculi fascial-fat flap were prepared. Deep and superficial scar adhesions were fully released to correct the uneven contour at the original incision scar site. The orbital septum flap was turned downward and sutured to the inferior orbicularis oculi muscle and pretarsal fascia. Thereafter, a postoperative follow-up was conducted to observe the results in terms of width of double eyelid, postoperative scars, and patients' satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference of double eyelid width before operationat and the last follow-up after operation was statistically significant. No visible scars were seen in patients after the operation, and The width of double eyelid was corrected. The operation was effective, the surgical results were rated as satisfactory in 21 patients and basically satisfactory by 10 patients. The satisfaction rate was 88.57%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For wide double-eyelid fold repair in cases requiring preservation of the original incision scar, the use of the orbital septum flap and suborbicularis oculi fascial-fat flap achieves good effects in releasing adhesions, preventing abnormal re-adhesions, and reconstructing natural-looking double-eyelid folds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject-Reported Outcomes for Glabellar Line Improvement and Satisfaction With the Relabotulinumtoxina Ready-to-Use Liquid Formulation: Data From the Phase 3 READY-1 Trial.","authors":"Michael H Gold, Lisa Donofrio, Sachin Shridharani, Amir Moradi, Brian Biesman, Melissa Chiang, Rosalyn George, Kristel Polder, Nowell Solish, Rob Schwarcz, Anna-Karin Berg, Felipe Weinberg, Eva Axén","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RelabotulinumtoxinA (relaBoNT-A; Relfydess, Galderma, Uppsala, Sweden) is a novel, ready-to-use liquid form of botulinum toxin A, created using PEARL technology to produce a highly effective, complex-free formulation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reporting of subject-assessed effectiveness and satisfaction outcomes from the relaBoNT-A phase 3 READY-1 study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with moderate-to-severe glabellar lines were randomized 3:1 to receive relaBoNT-A (50 U) or placebo in a 6-month, double-blind, multicenter study. Subject-reported endpoints at maximum frown included ≥1 grade improvement on the glabellar line subject live assessment (GL-SLA) scale from baseline and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) score. Satisfaction and well-being investigations used the Facial Lines Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLTSQ), Natural Expressions Questionnaire and FACE-Q Psychological Function Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 233 adults received relaBoNT-A and 74 received placebo. RelaBoNT-A responder rates for ≥1-grade GL-SLA improvement from baseline at Day 7 and Months 1, 3 and 6 were 97.2, 97.7, 90.0 and 71.0%, respectively, versus 18.9, 26.8, 27.5 and 22.4% with placebo (P<0.001). GAIS responder rates were 74.3-98.1% (relaBoNT-A) and 9.0-16.2% (placebo). Post-treatment FLTSQ Rasch-transformed scores were higher with relaBoNT-A (≥62.5) than placebo (≤49.8) for the Appearance Module and Treatment Satisfaction Module (relaBoNT-A: ≥83.0; placebo: ≤36.8). RelaBoNT-A-treated subjects reported looking natural (≥83.3%) and feeling confident when making facial expressions (≥75.7%). Mean change in FACE-Q well-being score was higher with relaBoNT-A (11.0-13.7) versus placebo (0.6-4.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with moderate-to-severe glabellar lines receiving a single relaBoNT-A treatment reported significant improvements in glabellar line severity throughout the 6-month study period. RelaBoNT-A provided natural looking results, high satisfaction and psychological well-being improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male Chest Athletic Definition: A Comprehensive View From an Anatomical and Physiological Perspective.","authors":"Giovanni Mera-Cruz, Natalia Murillo-Romero, Carlos Barragán-Guadalupe, Michael Duran, Laura Camacho-Domínguez, Yulia Daniela Guio-Gómez, Isabella Mera-Herrera","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjae248","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asj/sjae248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of the male pectoral region to obtain a natural but athletic contour through liposuction is constantly changing, but no single method can avoid all long-term problems, such as gynecomastia with eventual loss of pectoral definition, fat graft asymmetry, and/or unnatural definition.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this article was to describe a surgical technique to improve the male pectoral region through liposuction in specific areas, muscular volumization with objectively established fat volumes based on intracompartmental pressure measurements, and the management and prevention of gynecomastia. This approach aims to ensure the maximal survival of the fat graft with reduced fat necrosis and long-term asymmetry, producing sustained results over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Measurement of pectoralis major pressure after fat grafting was conducted in 150 patients (19-60 years old; BMI < 30 kg/m2) between January 2021 and June 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2 models used in this study exhibited strong explanatory power, indicating that a significant portion of the variability in fat graft resorption could be explained by the variables included in these models. Postoperative exercise, patient age, and intramuscular pressure of the transferred fat showed statistically significant correlation with fat graft survival. BMI did not show a statistically significant relationship. The established volumes did not exceed 8 mm Hg intracompartmental pressure. Higher volumes reduced fat survival. Large volumes led to greater postoperative asymmetry and loss of fat grafts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This technique can treat and prevent gynecomastia while simultaneously improving the appearance of the male chest through volumization of the pectoralis major with safe fat graft volumes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 4 (therapeutic): </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"486-492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Visual Criteria of the Ideal Neck in the Young Caucasian Female.","authors":"Sameer H Halani, Victor Chang, Michael R Lee","doi":"10.1093/asj/sjaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/asj/sjaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aesthetically ideal neck was first described by Ellenbogen and colleagues in 1980. Since then, the visual and aesthetic goals of patients have evolved as new surgical techniques have been described.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to provide current objective data regarding the aesthetically ideal neck in a young Caucasian female and evaluate Ellenbogen's original criteria for a youthful neck in this specific population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was created and deployed using the Amazon MTurk platform. Respondents rated a panel of digitally altered female necks from most to least attractive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These results concur with Ellenbogen's findings and suggest new criteria for defining the ideal neck: (1) defined anterior two-thirds of the mandible; (2) presence of a subhyoid depression; (3) subtle thyroid cartilage bulge; (4) partial sternocleidomastoid muscle definition; (5) cervicomental angle of 100°.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the visual criteria proposed by Ellenbogen mostly hold true, surgeons should focus on communicating with patients to determine their specific anatomic surgical goals and implementing the appropriate operative intervention.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 4 (diagnostic): </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7728,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal","volume":" ","pages":"441-447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}