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Regulation of intracellular membrane interactions: recent progress in the field of neurotransmitter release. 细胞膜内相互作用的调节:神经递质释放领域的最新进展。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
M M Burger, T Schäfer
{"title":"Regulation of intracellular membrane interactions: recent progress in the field of neurotransmitter release.","authors":"M M Burger,&nbsp;T Schäfer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of compartmental independence and diversity is part of the blueprint of the eukaryotic cell. The molecular composition of every organelle membrane is custom tailored to fulfill its unique tasks. It is retained by strict sorting and directional transport of newly synthesized cellular components by the use of specific transport vesicles. Temporally and spatially controlled membrane fission and fusion steps thus represent the basic process for delivery of both, membrane-bound and soluble components to their appropriate destination. This process is fundamental to cell growth, organelle inheritance during cell division, uptake and intracellular transport of membrane-bound and soluble molecules, and neuronal communication. The latter process has become one of the best studied examples in terms of regulatory mechanisms of membrane interactions. It has been dissected into the stages of transmitter vesicle docking, priming, and fusion: Specificity of membrane interactions depends on interactions between sets of organelle-specific membrane proteins. Priming of the secretory apparatus is an ATP-dependent process involving proteins and membrane phospholipids. Release of vesicle content is triggered by a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ levels that relieves a block previously established between the membranes poised to fuse. Neurotransmitter release is a paradigm of highly regulated intracellular membrane interaction and molecular mechanisms for this phenomenon begin to be delineated.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"103-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oligosaccharide signaling of plant cells. 植物细胞的低聚糖信号传导。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
M E Etzler
{"title":"Oligosaccharide signaling of plant cells.","authors":"M E Etzler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A variety of oligosaccharide signals have been identified that function in the regulation of plant development, defense, and other interactions of plants with the environment. Some of these oligosaccharides are produced by various pathogens or symbionts, whereas others are synthesized by the plant itself. This mini-review summarizes our present state of information on these oligosaccharide signals and provides an overview of approaches being used to identify receptors for these signals and gain an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which these signals activate downstream events. Possible biotechnological applications of future work in this field are also considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"123-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nucleosome and chromatin structures and functions. 核小体和染色质的结构和功能。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
E M Bradbury
{"title":"Nucleosome and chromatin structures and functions.","authors":"E M Bradbury","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the above discussion it can be appreciated that the major unknowns to advancing our understanding of nucleosome and chromatin structure and functions are: 1) the binding sites of the histone N- and C-terminal domains in native nucleosomes and in chromatin; 2) the effects of histone reversible chemical modifications of phosphorylations, acetylations and ubiquitinations on the binding of the histone N- and C-terminal domains in nucleosome and chromatin structures; 3) the path(s) of the linker DNA between nucleosome in the different orders of chromatin structure; 4) the position of the globular, N- and C-terminal domains of linker histones in the nucleosome and chromatin structures; and 5) the lack of a detailed structure for the 30 nm chromatin fiber. The above unknowns provide formidable challenges for future researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"177-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic chromosomes. 真核生物染色体中DNA复制的起始。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
M L DePamphilis
{"title":"Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic chromosomes.","authors":"M L DePamphilis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our understanding of the process by which eukaryotes regulate initiation of DNA replication has made remarkable advances in the past few years, thanks in large part to the explosion of genetic and biochemical information on the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At least three major concepts have emerged: 1) The sequence of molecular events that determines when replication begins and how frequently each replication site is used are conserved among most, if not all, eukaryotes; 2) specific replication origins are used in most, if not all, eukaryotes that consist of a flexible modular anatomy; and 3) epigenetic factors such as chromatin structure and nuclear organization determine which of many potential replication origins are used at different stages in animal development. Thus, the current state of our knowledge suggests a simple unifying concept--all eukaryotes utilize the same basic proteins and DNA sequences to initiate replication, but the metazoa can change both the number and locations of replication origins in response to the demands of animal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulators and mediators of the p53 tumor suppressor. 肿瘤抑制因子p53的调节因子和介质。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<43::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-3
C. Cadwell, G. Zambetti
{"title":"Regulators and mediators of the p53 tumor suppressor.","authors":"C. Cadwell, G. Zambetti","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<43::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<43::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 10","pages":"43-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Osteocalcin gene promoter: unlocking the secrets for regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation. 骨钙素基因启动子:解开成骨细胞生长和分化调控的秘密。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<62::aid-jcb10>3.3.co;2-j
J. Lian, G. Stein, J. Stein, A. V. van Wijnen
{"title":"Osteocalcin gene promoter: unlocking the secrets for regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation.","authors":"J. Lian, G. Stein, J. Stein, A. V. van Wijnen","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<62::aid-jcb10>3.3.co;2-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<62::aid-jcb10>3.3.co;2-j","url":null,"abstract":"The bone tissue-specific osteocalcin gene remains one of a few genes that exhibits osteoblast-restricted expression. Over the last decade, characterization of the promoter regulatory elements and complexes of factors that control suppression of the osteocalcin gene in osteoprogenitor cells and transactivation in mature osteoblasts has revealed transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that mediate development of the osteoblast phenotype. In this review, we have focused on emerging concepts related to molecular mechanisms supporting osteoblast growth and differentiation based on the discoveries that the osteocalcin gene is regulated by homeodomain factors, AP-1 related proteins, and the bone restricted Cbfa1/AML3 transcription factor.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 8","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communication between the cell membrane and the nucleus: role of protein compartmentalization. 细胞膜与细胞核之间的通讯：蛋白质区隔化的作用。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
S A Lelièvre, M J Bissell
{"title":"Communication between the cell membrane and the nucleus: role of protein compartmentalization.","authors":"S A Lelièvre, M J Bissell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how the information is conveyed from outside to inside the cell is a critical challenge for all biologists involved in signal transduction. The flow of information initiated by cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts is mediated by the formation of adhesion complexes involving multiple proteins. Inside adhesion complexes, connective membrane skeleton (CMS) proteins are signal transducers that bind to adhesion molecules, organize the cytoskeleton, and initiate biochemical cascades. Adhesion complex-mediated signal transduction ultimately directs the formation of supramolecular structures in the cell nucleus, as illustrated by the establishment of multi complexes of DNA-bound transcription factors, and the redistribution of nuclear structural proteins to form nuclear subdomains. Recently, several CMS proteins have been observed to travel to the cell nucleus, suggesting a distinctive role for these proteins in signal transduction. This review focuses on the nuclear translocation of structural signal transducers of the membrane skeleton and also extends our analysis to possible translocation of resident nuclear proteins to the membrane skeleton. This leads us to envision the communication between spatially distant cellular compartments (i.e., membrane skeleton and cell nucleus) as a bidirectional flow of information (a dynamic reciprocity) based on subtle multilevel structural and biochemical equilibria. At one level, it is mediated by the interaction between structural signal transducers and their binding partners, at another level it may be mediated by the balance and integration of signal transducers in different cellular compartments.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"250-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933207/pdf/nihms228002.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20798864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for continual renewal of nonhematopoietic tissues and as potential vectors for gene therapy. 骨髓基质细胞作为非造血组织持续更新的干细胞和基因治疗的潜在载体。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
D J Prockop
{"title":"Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for continual renewal of nonhematopoietic tissues and as potential vectors for gene therapy.","authors":"D J Prockop","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"284-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20798865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of histone deacetylases in acute leukemia. 组蛋白脱乙酰酶在急性白血病中的作用。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
R Fenrick, S W Hiebert
{"title":"Role of histone deacetylases in acute leukemia.","authors":"R Fenrick,&nbsp;S W Hiebert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulating evidence points to a connection between cancer and transcriptional control by histone acetylation and deacetylation. This is particularly true with regard to the acute leukemias, many of which are caused by fusion proteins that have been created by chromosomal translocations. Genetic rearrangements that disrupt the retinoic acid receptor-alpha and acute myeloid leukemia-1 genes create fusion proteins that block terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells by repressing transcription. These fusion proteins interact with nuclear hormone co-repressors, which recruit histone deacetylases to promoters to repress transcription. This finding suggests that proteins within the histone deacetylase complexes may be potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention in many leukemia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20799503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomineralization: conflicts, challenges, and opportunities. 生物矿化:冲突、挑战和机遇。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
A L Boskey
{"title":"Biomineralization: conflicts, challenges, and opportunities.","authors":"A L Boskey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomineralization is the process by which mineral crystals are deposited in an organized fashion in the matrix (either cellular or extracellular) of living organisms. Over the past 25 years, new insights into the mechanisms that control these processes have been obtained, yet questions asked then still persist, especially in terms of vertebrate mineralization. Specifically, there are still debates concerning the chemical nature of the first mineral crystals formed in bone, dentin, and cementum; the factors leading to the initial deposition of these crystals; and the functions of macromolecules found associated with these crystals. In this review, emphasis is placed on the currently accepted answers to these questions, drawing insight from nonvertebrate systems. It is suggested that there are redundant calcification mechanisms and that, by taking advantage of our current knowledge of these mechanisms, opportunities will be provided for therapeutic manipulation of diseases in which biomineralization is impaired.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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