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The RB family of cell cycle regulatory factors. 细胞周期调节因子RB家族。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
P Stiegler, M Kasten, A Giordano
{"title":"The RB family of cell cycle regulatory factors.","authors":"P Stiegler,&nbsp;M Kasten,&nbsp;A Giordano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intense investigation of the retinoblastoma \"tumor suppressor family\" members, pRb, pRb2/p130, and p107, has revealed impressive mechanisms evolved to safeguard development and homeostasis in higher eukaryotes. Members of the retinoblastoma family are involved in implementing and controlling three major aspects of cellular life: (1) proliferative growth, (2) differentiation, and (3) apoptosis. The activities of these proteins are highly regulated, enabling them to precisely establish control. The pRb protein is well understood in its regulatory abilities and is considered a classical tumor suppressor. The role of pRb2/p130 protein in growth suppression and its potential as a tumor suppressor have been established during the last few years. The p107 protein, structurally and functionally similar to, but yet distinctive from, pRb2/p130, is characterized at a more rudimentary level. In this report, we review the latest data on the retinoblastoma protein family and its web of regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"30-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulators and mediators of the p53 tumor suppressor. 肿瘤抑制因子p53的调节因子和介质。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
C Cadwell, G P Zambetti
{"title":"Regulators and mediators of the p53 tumor suppressor.","authors":"C Cadwell,&nbsp;G P Zambetti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"43-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
G-protein regulatory pathways: rocketing into the twenty-first century. g蛋白调控途径:飞速进入21世纪。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<137::aid-jcb18>3.3.co;2-c
C. Knall, G. Johnson
{"title":"G-protein regulatory pathways: rocketing into the twenty-first century.","authors":"C. Knall, G. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<137::aid-jcb18>3.3.co;2-c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<137::aid-jcb18>3.3.co;2-c","url":null,"abstract":"Complex cellular responses involve the integration of heterotrimeric G protein systems with protein kinase signal transduction pathways. Key in this integration is the control of small GTP-binding proteins including Ras and Rho family members. In this paper, we discuss the control of signal transduction pathways by G proteins and their integration with specific tyrosine kinases. The integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular responses is illustrated through the newly defined G alpha 12/13-regulated pathways. Furthermore, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte provides a primary cell system for analyzing the integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular functions such as superoxide production, adherence, chemotaxis, and granule secretion.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 8","pages":"137-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Regulation and regulatory parameters of histone modifications. 组蛋白修饰的调控和调控参数。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
J R Davie, D N Chadee
{"title":"Regulation and regulatory parameters of histone modifications.","authors":"J R Davie,&nbsp;D N Chadee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histone acetylation and phosphorylation destablizes nucleosome and chromatin structure. Relaxation of the chromatin fiber facilitates transcription. Coactivator complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity are recruited by transcription factors bound to enhancers or promoters. The recruited histone acetyltransferases may acetylate histone or nonhistone chromosomal proteins, resulting in the relaxation of chromatin structure. Alternatively, repressors recruit corepressor complexes with histone deacetylase activity, leading to condensation of chromatin. This review highlights the recent advances made in our understanding of the roles of histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone kinases, and protein phosphatases in transcriptional activation and repression. Exciting reports revealing mechanistic connections between histone modifying activities and the RNA polymerase II machinery, the coupling of histone deacetylation and DNA methylation, the possible involvement of histone deacetylases in the organization of nuclear DNA, and the role of chromatin modulators in oncogenesis are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"203-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20799504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Signaling mechanisms and molecular characteristics of G protein-coupled receptors for lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate. 溶血磷脂酸和鞘氨醇-磷酸G蛋白偶联受体的信号传导机制和分子特征。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
S An, E J Goetzl, H Lee
{"title":"Signaling mechanisms and molecular characteristics of G protein-coupled receptors for lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate.","authors":"S An,&nbsp;E J Goetzl,&nbsp;H Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are potent phospholipid mediators with diverse biological activities. Their appearance and functional properties suggest possible roles in development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. The growth-stimulating and other complex biological activities of LPA and S1P are attributable in part to the activation of multiple G protein-mediated intracellular signaling pathways. Several heterotrimeric G proteins, as well as Ras- and Rho-dependent pathways play central roles in the cellular responses to LPA and S1P. Recently, several G protein-coupled receptors encoded by a family of endothelial differentiation genes (edg) have been shown to bind LPA or S1P and transduce responses of cAMP, Ca2+, MAP kinases, Rho, and gene transcription. This review summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways critical for cellular responses to LPA and S1P and of recent progress in the molecular biological analyses of the Edg receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"147-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA replication machinery of the mammalian cell. 哺乳动物细胞的DNA复制机制。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
L H Malkas
{"title":"DNA replication machinery of the mammalian cell.","authors":"L H Malkas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of DNA replication in mammalian cells is highly complex and has several unique features that distinguish it from simpler prokaryotic systems. The study of mammalian DNA replication lagged behind that of prokaryotes for many years. This was because of the lack of a reliable and efficient mammalian cell-based in vitro DNA replication system. In 1984, the first mammalian-based DNA replication system that initiated DNA synthesis successfully in vitro was developed. The employment of the mammalian in vitro DNA replication system has led to the identification of several DNA replication proteins. This article describes the current knowledge regarding the proteins mediating mammalian DNA replication, as well as how they are proposed to function during DNA synthesis. There is also a discussion of the role the mammalian cell nuclear architecture plays in DNA replication. The evidence for the existence of an organized DNA replication machine in mammalian cells is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in restriction point control, genomic stability, and tumorigenesis. 细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂在限制点控制、基因组稳定性和肿瘤发生中的作用。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
S S Millard, A Koff
{"title":"Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in restriction point control, genomic stability, and tumorigenesis.","authors":"S S Millard,&nbsp;A Koff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomineralization: conflicts, challenges, and opportunities. 生物矿化:冲突、挑战和机遇。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<83::aid-jcb12>3.3.co;2-6
Adele L. Boskey
{"title":"Biomineralization: conflicts, challenges, and opportunities.","authors":"Adele L. Boskey","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<83::aid-jcb12>3.3.co;2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<83::aid-jcb12>3.3.co;2-6","url":null,"abstract":"Biomineralization is the process by which mineral crystals are deposited in an organized fashion in the matrix (either cellular or extracellular) of living organisms. Over the past 25 years, new insights into the mechanisms that control these processes have been obtained, yet questions asked then still persist, especially in terms of vertebrate mineralization. Specifically, there are still debates concerning the chemical nature of the first mineral crystals formed in bone, dentin, and cementum; the factors leading to the initial deposition of these crystals; and the functions of macromolecules found associated with these crystals. In this review, emphasis is placed on the currently accepted answers to these questions, drawing insight from nonvertebrate systems. It is suggested that there are redundant calcification mechanisms and that, by taking advantage of our current knowledge of these mechanisms, opportunities will be provided for therapeutic manipulation of diseases in which biomineralization is impaired.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 6","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 86
High throughput analysis of differential gene expression. 差异基因表达的高通量分析。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
J P Carulli, M Artinger, P M Swain, C D Root, L Chee, C Tulig, J Guerin, M Osborne, G Stein, J Lian, P T Lomedico
{"title":"High throughput analysis of differential gene expression.","authors":"J P Carulli,&nbsp;M Artinger,&nbsp;P M Swain,&nbsp;C D Root,&nbsp;L Chee,&nbsp;C Tulig,&nbsp;J Guerin,&nbsp;M Osborne,&nbsp;G Stein,&nbsp;J Lian,&nbsp;P T Lomedico","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidation of the changes in gene expression associated with biological processes is a central problem in biology. Advances in molecular and computational biology have led to the development of powerful, high-throughput methods for the analysis of differential gene expression. These tools have opened up new opportunities in disciplines ranging from cell and developmental biology to drug development and pharmacogenomics. In this review, the attributes of five commonly used differential gene expression methods are discussed: expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, cDNA microarray hybridization, subtractive cloning, differential display, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). The application of EST sequencing and microarray hybridization is illustrated by the discovery of novel genes associated with osteoblast differentiation. The application of subtractive cloning is presented as a tool to identify genes regulated in vivo by the transcription factor pax-6. These and other examples illustrate the power of genomics for discovering novel genes that are important in biology and which also represent new targets for drug development. The central theme of the review is that each of the approaches to identifying differentially expressed genes is useful, and that the experimental context and subsequent evaluation of differentially expressed genes are the critical features that determine success.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"286-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20798866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osteocalcin gene promoter: unlocking the secrets for regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation. 骨钙素基因启动子:解开成骨细胞生长和分化调控的秘密。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
J B Lian, G S Stein, J L Stein, A J van Wijnen
{"title":"Osteocalcin gene promoter: unlocking the secrets for regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation.","authors":"J B Lian,&nbsp;G S Stein,&nbsp;J L Stein,&nbsp;A J van Wijnen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bone tissue-specific osteocalcin gene remains one of a few genes that exhibits osteoblast-restricted expression. Over the last decade, characterization of the promoter regulatory elements and complexes of factors that control suppression of the osteocalcin gene in osteoprogenitor cells and transactivation in mature osteoblasts has revealed transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that mediate development of the osteoblast phenotype. In this review, we have focused on emerging concepts related to molecular mechanisms supporting osteoblast growth and differentiation based on the discoveries that the osteocalcin gene is regulated by homeodomain factors, AP-1 related proteins, and the bone restricted Cbfa1/AML3 transcription factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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