Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Chemoprevention by naturally occurring and synthetic agents in oral, liver, and large bowel carcinogenesis.","authors":"H Mori,&nbsp;T Tanaka,&nbsp;S Sugie,&nbsp;N Yoshimi,&nbsp;T Kawamori,&nbsp;Y Hirose,&nbsp;M Ohnishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of naturally occurring compounds and several related synthetic agents were confirmed to exert chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis in the digestive organs. Phenolic compounds, widely distributed as plant constituents, possess chemopreventive activities in tongue, liver, and large bowel of rodents. Of them, a simple phenolic protocatechuic acid seems to be a promising compound. Organosulfur compounds contained in the cruciferous vegetables and known to activate detoxifying enzymes are regarded as a candidate group for cancer preventive agents. We proved a strong protective effect of S-methylmethanethiosulfonate, a constituent in these vegetables, on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced large bowel carcinogenesis. Some oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls) are reported to have antitumor effects. Naturally occurring xanthophylls astaxanthin and canthaxanthin have considerable preventive activities on 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced tongue carcinogenesis and AOM-induced large bowel carcinogenesis. A novel synthesized retinoidal butenolide, KYN-54, which suppresses large bowel as well as tongue carcinogenesis could be a useful agent for prevention of digestive organ cancers. Some trace elements are known to have anticarcinogenic effects. Magnesium hydroxide, a protective agent in colorectal carcinogenesis, inhibits c-myc expression and ornithine decarboxylase activity in the mucosal epithelium of the intestine. Our results show that many agents with preventive effects in tongue, liver, and large bowel control carcinogen-induced hyperproliferation of cells in these organs. Carcinogens used to induce large bowel cancers also induce apoptosis in the target sites. Telomerase activity is increased in the tissues of preneoplastic as well as neoplastic lesions in experimental models such as dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. These could be useful biomarkers in studies for cancer chemoprevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention.","authors":"S K Katiyar,&nbsp;H Mukhtar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the concept of cancer chemoprevention has matured greatly. Significant reversal or suppression of premalignancy in several sites by chemopreventive agents appears achievable. This article summarizes experimental data on chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols in different tumor bioassay systems. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is cultivated in about 30 countries, and is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Three main commercial tea varieties--green, black, and oolong--are usually consumed, but most experimental studies demonstrating the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of tea have been conducted with water extract of green tea, or a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (GTP). The majority of these studies have been conducted in a mouse skin tumor model system where tea is fed either as water extract through drinking water, or as purified GTP. GTP has been shown to exhibit antimutagenic activity in vitro, and inhibit carcinogen- as well as UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in vivo. Tea consumption has also been shown to afford protection against chemical carcinogen-induced stomach, lung, esophagus, duodenum, pancreas, liver, breast, and colon carcinogenesis in specific bioassay models. Several epicatechin derivatives (polyphenols) present in green tea have been shown to possess anticarcinogenic activity; the most active is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is also the major constituent of GTP. The mechanisms of tea's broad cancer chemopreventive effects are not completely understood. Several theories have been put forward, including inhibition of UV- and tumor promoter-induced ornithine decarboxylase, cyclo-oxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity; enhancement of antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and quinone reductase) and phase II (glutathione-S-transferase) enzyme activities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and anti-inflammatory activity. These properties of tea polyphenols make them effective chemopreventive agents against the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of multistage carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin.","authors":"J K Lin,&nbsp;Y C Chen,&nbsp;Y T Huang,&nbsp;S Y Lin-Shiau","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apigenin, a less-toxic and non-mutagenic flavonoid, suppressed 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-(TPA)-mediated tumor promotion of mouse skin. TPA had the ability to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and induced nuclear proto-oncogene expression. Our study indicates that apigenin inhibited PKC by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apigenin also reduced the level of TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and inhibited TPA-induced c-jun and c-fos expression. Curcumin, a dietary pigment phytopolyphenol, is also a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion induced by TPA in mouse skin. When mouse fibroblast cells were treated with TPA alone, PKC translocated from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction. Treatment with 15 or 20 microM curcumin for 15 min inhibited TPA-induced PKC activity in the particulate fraction by 26-60%. Curcumin also inhibited PKC activity in vitro by competing with phosphatidylserine. Curcumin (10 microM) suppressed the expression of c-jun in TPA-treated cells. Fifteen flavonoids were examined for their effects on morphological changes in soft agar and cellular growth in v-H-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells. The results demonstrated that only apigenin, kaempferol, and genistein exhibited the reverting effect on the transformed morphology of these cells. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the suppression of PKC activity and nuclear oncogene expression might contribute to the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of TPA-induced tumor promotion by apigenin and curcumin.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"28-29 ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20510237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemopreventive potential of thiol conjugates of isothiocyanates for lung cancer and a urinary biomarker of dietary isothiocyanates.","authors":"F L Chung,&nbsp;D Jiao,&nbsp;C C Conaway,&nbsp;T J Smith,&nbsp;C S Yang,&nbsp;M C Yu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural and synthetic isothiocyanates (ITCs) are versatile chemopreventive agents in many animal systems. We have shown that phenethyl ITC (PEITC) and 6-phenylhexyl ITC (PHITC) are potent inhibitors against lung tumorigenesis induced by tobacco nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in both mouse and rat. The mechanism by which these ITCs inhibited lung tumorigenesis is attributed to their ability to decrease cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme activities involved in the activation of NNK. Recently, we have found that thiol conjugates of ITCs inhibit P450 enzymes and are effective inhibitors of lung tumorigenesis. This is significant because conjugation with cellular thiols is the major route of ITC metabolism via the mercapturic acid pathway in rodents and humans. The thiol conjugates are less pungent and potentially less toxic, and they are more soluble and chemically less reactive than ITCs. These properties raise the prospect of substituting thiol conjugates for ITCs as chemopreventive agents. Furthermore, although ample rodent studies have established that ITCs inhibit tumorigenesis, the protective role of dietary ITCs against human cancers has not yet been established. As a prerequisite for such human studies, we have developed an HPLC-based assay, based on the condensation reaction of ITCs or conjugates with 1,2-benzenedithiol, for measuring a cyclocondensation product in human urine as an uptake biomarker of total ITCs. This assay was validated using urine samples from subjects who had ingested a known amount of watercress or mustard in a controlled diet. The assay is convenient and rapid, showing promise for analyzing urine samples obtained from population-based studies. Results from two such studies are presented to illustrate the potential application of this biomarker in epidemiologic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial study on naturally occurring products from traditional Chinese herbs and vegetables for chemoprevention.","authors":"S Zheng,&nbsp;H Yang,&nbsp;S Zhang,&nbsp;X Wang,&nbsp;L Yu,&nbsp;J Lu,&nbsp;J Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of naturally occurring products from vegetables and herbs exert chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis. In this paper, two such compounds, isolated from garlic and from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, are described for review. Elemene, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae, was shown to exhibit antitumor activity in human and murine tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. This novel antineoplastic agent has substantial clinical activity against various tumors. The in vitro effect of elemene on the growth of leukemia cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 values of elemene for promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and erythroleukemia K562 cells were 27.5 micrograms/mL and 81 micrograms/mL, respectively, while IC50 for peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was 254.3 micrograms/mL. The inhibitory effect of elemene on proliferation of HL-60 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest from S to G2M phase transition and with induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis of tumor cells was confirmed by DNA ladder formation on gel electrophoresis and characteristic ultrastructural alterations. The results also demonstrated that inhibitory effects of allicin, a natural organosulfide from garlic, on proliferation of tumor cells were associated with the cell cycle blockage of S/G2M boundary phase and induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest that induction of apoptosis may contribute to the mechanisms of antitumor activity of elemene and allicin, which merit investigation as potential chemoprevention agents in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"106-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol design considerations that relate to demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of chemopreventive agents.","authors":"K A Johnson,&nbsp;J Beitz,&nbsp;R Justice,&nbsp;W Schmidt,&nbsp;P Andrews,&nbsp;R DeLap","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As with other drugs, applications for marketing approval of new chemopreventive agents in the United States must include data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials that demonstrate effectiveness and safety for the intended use. Knowledge of a drug's pharmacologic actions and metabolism may benefit protocol design, by identifying the patient populations and dosing schedules associated with a favorable risk/benefit profile. With availability of appropriate preclinical data, including standard assessments of an agent's toxicology, effects on reproductive performance, and genotoxicity, initial Phase I studies of 1-3 months may be performed in normal volunteers or an appropriate higher risk population. For chronic dosing studies of longer duration, preclinical toxicology studies of longer duration are relevant. Enrollment in chemoprevention studies should be directed toward individuals at sufficient risk of developing cancer so that potential benefit may counterbalance the unpredictable and possibly serious adverse effects that may be observed with prolonged administration of a study drug. Phase I and II studies with clinical dosing lasting up to 12 months often afford opportunities to assess drug effect on surrogate endpoint biomarkers that may correlate with endpoints of clinical effectiveness. Phase III and late phase II chemopreventive investigations should routinely utilize a prospective, randomized study design (double-masked and placebo-controlled, when possible). To support marketing approval, there must be evidence that a chemopreventive agent significantly delays or prevents the occurrence of malignancy, with acceptable safety. In some circumstances, modulation of a surrogate marker may provide a basis for marketing approval, before more definitive endpoint data become available. However, the acceptability of a surrogate depends on the nature and quality of the data supporting its predictive value. Given the considerations of large study size, long duration, and high cost that may hamper development of potential agents, studies designed to examine the predictive value of surrogate endpoint biomarkers are of great importance to the future development of chemoprevention research.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of differentially expressed genes in methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas.","authors":"L Hu,&nbsp;L Lin,&nbsp;K A Crist,&nbsp;G J Kelloff,&nbsp;V E Steele,&nbsp;R A Lubet,&nbsp;M You,&nbsp;Y Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, altered gene expression in five methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas was investigated using a newly developed competitive cDNA library screening assay. In order to detect the differentially expressed cDNA transcripts, three cDNA libraries (rat mammary, rat liver, and rat kidney) with over 18,000 clones were differentially screened with competing normal and neoplastic mammary cDNA probes. Ninety-eight clones indicated by competitive hybridization to be differentially expressed in tumors were verified by dot-blot hybridization analysis. Of these clones, 45 were found to be overexpressed while 53 were underexpressed in tumors. Forty-five of the confirmed clones were further analyzed by single-pass cDNA sequence determination. Four clones showed homology with cytochrome oxidase subunit I, polyoma virus PTA noncoding region, cytoplasmic beta-actin, and mouse secretory protein containing thrombospondin motifs. Further investigation into the potential roles of these identified genes should contribute significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of rat mammary tumorigenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"28-29 ","pages":"117-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20508889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitation of preinvasive neoplastic progression in animal models of chemical carcinogenesis.","authors":"J W Bacus,&nbsp;J V Bacus,&nbsp;G D Stoner,&nbsp;R C Moon,&nbsp;G J Kelloff,&nbsp;C W Boone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An assay method that precisely quantitates the cellular and tissue changes associated with early, preinvasive neoplasia is much needed as a surrogate endpoint biomarker (SEB) in clinical trials to predict the potential efficacy of chemopreventive agents in bringing about cancer incidence reduction. Quantification of histological changes at the tissue level are potentially powerful SEB's since these visually apparent changes are common in all neoplastic development, regardless of tissue type or neoplastic cause. Currently, subjective inspection of the histological appearance of sectioned and stained material, or \"grading,\" by experienced pathologists is used to evaluate neoplastic progression. This has well-known limitations of reproducibility, accuracy, and resolution of grading scale. Since neoplastic changes are visually apparent and morphologic in nature, quantification by image analysis is a measurement modality of choice. Image analysis was implemented through the use of high-resolution \"tiled\" images of complete tissue sections. A histological grading system, or \"scale,\" was developed that could be expressed in terms of normal deviate units of multiple and different morphometric descriptors. Neoplastic growth was characterized quantitatively with multiple measurements on each tissue image tile, which were combined into a single number for each tile, i.e., a histologic grade per tile, and parameters from the distributions of these measurements were used to represent the histologic grade for the entire region considered. This concept provided a uniform final scale in similar units of measurement, regardless of which tissues were graded. Also, the grading scale automatically adjusted measurement variance for different tissues by using normal tissue for each different type to obtain the normalization to standard deviation (z) units. This further defined a uniform final scale and maintained standard references. Using this method, results from two well-known animal models of carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinoma of SENCAR mouse skin induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), and squamous cell carcinoma of the rat esophagus induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), were compared to each other. Image analysis was performed on skin tissue sections from a total of 64 SENCAR mice, and esophagus tissue sections from 96 Fischer-344 rats. In both cases, a quantitative expression of the preinvasive neoplastic response to the carcinogen as a function of time of exposure was expressed along a continuous grading scale in standard deviation units (z). In the SENCAR mouse skin animal model, similar cohorts of 4 mice at 20 weeks showed significant modulation of B[a]P-induced neoplasia by treatment with the antiproliferative agent difluoromethylornithine, P < .05. In the rat esophagus animal model, similar cohorts of 6 rats at 10 and 15 weeks showed significant modulation of NMBA-induced neoplasia by treatment with the antimutagen phenethyl isothiocyanate, P","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"28-29 ","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20510236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cytogenetic alterations in the early stage at human bronchial epithelial cell carcinogenesis.","authors":"X Y Dong,&nbsp;Y J Lu,&nbsp;T Tong,&nbsp;Y J Wang,&nbsp;S P Guo,&nbsp;J F Bai,&nbsp;N J Han,&nbsp;S J Cheng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung carcinogenesis is a multi-step process involving activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppress genes. Many molecular and cytogenetic alterations occur in the early stages of carcinogenesis. We have developed an effective culture system for human bronchial epithelial cells and lung cancer cells. Four immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines were established by transfecting the epithelial cells with plasmid DNA containing the early region of SV40. Some molecular and cytogenetic alterations, such as 3p-, 2q-, 9p-, c-myc translocation t(8;14) (q23; q32), were found in one immortalized bronchial epithelial cell line M when approaching malignant transformation. An increase in cell proliferation and decrease of apoptosis were noted in the late passages of the immortalized cell line M. Some molecular cytogenetic alterations were also observed in human primary non-small cell lung cancers. Molecular cytogenetic alterations during the early stage of carcinogenesis of human bronchial epithelial cells may be useful as biomarkers for both diagnosis and intermediate endpoint of chemoprevention of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"28-29 ","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20510240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer prevention by natural carotenoids.","authors":"H Nishino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological investigations have shown that cancer risk is inversely related to the consumption of green and yellow vegetables and fruits. Since beta-carotene is present in abundance in these vegetables and fruits, it has been investigated extensively as a possible cancer preventive agent. However, various carotenoids that coexist with beta-carotene in vegetables and fruits also have anticarcinogenic activity. Some of them, such as alpha-carotene, showed higher potency than beta-carotene in suppressing experimental carcinogenesis. Thus, we have carried out more extensive studies on cancer-preventive activities of natural carotenoids, which found that lycopene and lutein had potent anticarcinogenic activity. In the present study, the cancer-preventive activity of phytoene was also confirmed biotechnologically when mammalian cells producing phytoene were resistant to H-ras-induced cell transformation. Further studies on various natural carotenoids besides beta-carotene should be continued to obtain more information about the potential of natural carotenoids in the field of cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20511007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}