Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic chromosomes.

M L DePamphilis
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Abstract

Our understanding of the process by which eukaryotes regulate initiation of DNA replication has made remarkable advances in the past few years, thanks in large part to the explosion of genetic and biochemical information on the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At least three major concepts have emerged: 1) The sequence of molecular events that determines when replication begins and how frequently each replication site is used are conserved among most, if not all, eukaryotes; 2) specific replication origins are used in most, if not all, eukaryotes that consist of a flexible modular anatomy; and 3) epigenetic factors such as chromatin structure and nuclear organization determine which of many potential replication origins are used at different stages in animal development. Thus, the current state of our knowledge suggests a simple unifying concept--all eukaryotes utilize the same basic proteins and DNA sequences to initiate replication, but the metazoa can change both the number and locations of replication origins in response to the demands of animal development.

真核生物染色体中DNA复制的起始。
我们对真核生物调控DNA复制起始过程的理解在过去几年中取得了显著进展,这在很大程度上要归功于出芽酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)遗传和生化信息的爆炸式增长。至少出现了三个主要的概念:1)决定复制何时开始和每个复制位点使用频率的分子事件序列在大多数真核生物中是保守的;2)特定复制起点用于大多数(如果不是全部的话)由灵活的模块化解剖结构组成的真核生物;3)表观遗传因素,如染色质结构和核组织,决定了在动物发育的不同阶段使用哪些潜在的复制起点。因此,我们目前的知识水平表明了一个简单的统一概念——所有真核生物都利用相同的基本蛋白质和DNA序列来启动复制,但后生动物可以根据动物发育的需要改变复制起源的数量和位置。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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