Aerobiologia最新文献

{"title":"Eight-year annual correlation between abundance of male catkins for three Betula species and airborne Betula pollen counts in three areas of Hokkaido","authors":"Shinji Takeuchi,&nbsp;Koki Hirashima,&nbsp;Masayuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Yoichiro Kakimoto","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09914-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09914-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Hokkaido, birch (<i>Betula</i> sp.) pollen is the most common cause of pollinosis, with annual airborne pollen dispersals varying by more than 20-fold. It is known that <i>Betula</i> sp. pollen dispersals are proportional to the amounts of male catkins that release pollen. In Hokkaido, the main sources of pollen are believed to be three tree species: <i>Betula platyphylla,</i> which grows over a wide area including residential areas; <i>B. maximowicziana</i>, which grows primarily in mountainous areas; and <i>B. ermanii</i>, which grows in mountainous areas at altitudes above 600 m. Previously, we developed a simple method for assessing male catkin existing levels of <i>Betula</i> sp. on a five-point scale using digital camera images. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the amounts of male catkins for the three species and airborne <i>Betula</i> pollen counts in three study areas (Sapporo, Asahikawa, and Obihiro) in Hokkaido over an eight-year period from 2017 to 2024. Spearman rank correlations showed that <i>B. platyphylla</i> male catkins exhibited the highest correlation with airborne pollen counts among the three tree species, with correlation coefficients of 0.95, 0.60, and 0.88 in Sapporo, Asahikawa, and Obihiro, respectively, although there were differences between the regions. The male catkin existing level survey method used in this study is considered to be useful for predicting airborne <i>Betula</i> pollen dispersal amounts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smog-associated airborne microbial load and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococci in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Sidra Riaz,&nbsp;Linta Khalid,&nbsp;Imran Sajid","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09913-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09913-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of smog on airborne microbial load and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species in Lahore, Pakistan. The ten urban locations were sampled in November 2024–March 2025 by settle plate method to monitor airborne microbial load monthly. The isolated strains were identified morphologically, biochemically and by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay was used to determine susceptibility to a panel of commonly used antibiotics. In order to determine relationships between AQI, temperature and bacterial counts, the statistical tests, <i>i.e.</i>, Spearman’s rank correlation, Kruskal–Wallis tests and multiple linear regression, were conducted. The comparison of the microbial load showed that the highest bacterial count was found in the months of November and December with high smog intensity, where the CFU counts were found highest (<i>χ</i>² = 15.32, <i>p</i> = 0.0041), whereas the lowest counts were recorded during the months with a better air quality or low smog intensity. There was a moderately positive relationship between AQI and total microbial load (<i>r</i> = 0.41). Among the total number of <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates, 40% were found to be multidrug resistant (MDRs). These results showed that smog-related air pollution can contribute to high microbial counts in air and can promote the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the air. The findings indicated the necessity of combining air quality monitoring systems with microbial surveillance, especially in smog-affected cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological comparison of pollen season definitions and temporal trends in allergenic taxa (2008–2024)","authors":"Asmaa Boullayali,&nbsp;Ijlal Raissouni,&nbsp;Abdelouahab Sahli,&nbsp;Hassan Bouziane","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09915-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09915-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variations in start, end, duration, and intensity of main pollen seasons represent a growing public issue, particularly in light of the rising prevalence of pollen sensitization among populations. However, the assessment of long-term pollen trends depends heavily on how the main pollen season is defined. In this study, we analyzed airborne pollen data in Tétouan (NW of Morocco) over the period 2008–2024, applying eight different main pollen season definitions—including two percentage-based, four threshold-based, a moving mean, and a logistic method—to four major allergenic taxa. Linear trends were assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall method with Theil–Sen slope estimates. Our analysis revealed a significant delay in the onset of the main pollen season for Poaceae and Cupressaceae. For Poaceae, this delay was detected using the threshold method (definition 4) and moving mean method, whereas for Cupressaceae it was identified using the threshold methods (definitions 3 and 4) and logistic method. The observed trends in main pollen season end dates varied depending on the definition applied, although negative trends—indicating an earlier end to the season—were predominant. Specifically, advances of 1.5 days for Olea (threshold definition 3), 1.57 days for Poaceae (moving mean method), and 5.8 days for Quercus (99%) were observed. Regarding main pollen season duration, most methods revealed a statistically significant shortening for Quercus, Poaceae, and Olea. Despite methodological differences, all definitions provided consistent delineation of the main pollen season over the 15-year study period for the four taxa analyzed. However, the definition of main pollen season remains a debated issue in aerobiology, with no single approach proving universally applicable. Our findings reinforce that no individual main pollen season definition consistently outperforms others in capturing the phenological dynamics of Olea, Quercus, Poaceae, and Cupressaceae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of climate change and anthropogenic pressure on the diversity and roles of Arctic airborne fungi","authors":"Wojciech Pusz,&nbsp;Katarzyna Patejuk,&nbsp;Maciej Lipiński,&nbsp;Ewa Przedpelska-Wąsowicz,&nbsp;Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09911-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09911-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microscopic fungi represent a significant yet poorly characterized component of atmospheric bioaerosols in polar regions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diversity, ecology, and potential roles of fungi in the Arctic atmosphere, with particular focus on their ecological functions and implications for human health and infrastructure. Fungi contribute to atmospheric processes such as acting as cloud condensation nuclei and play a key role in the decomposition of organic matter under low-temperature conditions. The identification of potentially pathogenic species, as well as fungi capable of degrading construction materials, raises concerns about health and infrastructure, especially in light of growing human activity in the Arctic. The review highlights the urgent need for interdisciplinary research, particularly using molecular methods, to better understand the sources, dynamics, and functions of aeromycobiota in the context of ongoing climate change. To better understand the role of fungi in this part of the world, a series of aeromycological observations were also conducted in northern Iceland. During the study, 20 fungal taxa were found at concentrations of 140 and 147 CFU/m³.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drones and fungal spores: comparisons of low-cost sampling methods","authors":"Rohit Bangay,&nbsp;Atsushi Matsuki,&nbsp;Nobuko Tuno","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09912-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09912-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drone technology offers new opportunities for atmospheric bioaerosol research, yet a lack of standardised sampling methods limits cross-study comparability. This study evaluated three low-cost, drone-based impaction techniques for airborne fungal spore collection: (1) an automated filter system, (2) a glass fibre filter mounted between the motor and propeller, and (3) propellers coated with glycerol. Fifteen paired comparisons were conducted, comprising 30 drone flights, to assess relative sampling efficiency. Among the three, the automated filter system was the most effective, capturing over an order of magnitude more spores than the other two methods. All approaches successfully recovered fungal spores, demonstrating feasibility for aerial applications. The main strengths of these low-cost systems are their portability and accessibility, though the filter and glycerol methods are limited by short sampling durations and lower precision. Overall, drone-assisted sampling provides an accessible means to collect airborne fungal spores at heights below 500 m, and the methods compared here offer practical options for exploratory studies of vertical spore distributions. However, because sampled air volume cannot be quantified for the passive methods and propeller-induced airflow remains uncharacterised, these techniques should currently be regarded as semi-quantitative tools rather than standardised approaches for bioaerosol monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five years of national airborne pollen monitoring in South Africa: biome-specific calendars to inform allergy diagnosis and prevention","authors":"Takudzwa Matuvhunye,&nbsp;Dilys M. Berman,&nbsp;Nanike Esterhuizen,&nbsp;Andriantsilavo H. I. Razafimanantsoa,&nbsp;Frank H. Neumann,&nbsp;Dorra Gharbi,&nbsp;Keneilwe Podile,&nbsp;Tshiamo Mmatladi,&nbsp;Boitumelo Langa,&nbsp;Moteng E. Moseri,&nbsp;Linus Ajikah,&nbsp;Angela Effiom,&nbsp;Nikiwe Ndlovu,&nbsp;Lynne J. Quick,&nbsp;Erin Hilmer,&nbsp;Marishka Guscott,&nbsp;Shabeer Davids,&nbsp;Andri C. Van Aardt,&nbsp;J. C. Linde de Jager,&nbsp;Jubilant V. Sithole,&nbsp;Juanette John,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Garland,&nbsp;Trevor Hill,&nbsp;Jemma Finch,&nbsp;Kama Chetty,&nbsp;Werner Hoek,&nbsp;Marion Bamford,&nbsp;Riaz Y. Seedat,&nbsp;Ahmed I. Manjra,&nbsp;Caryn M. Upton,&nbsp;Jonny Peter,&nbsp;On behalf of the SAPNET consortium","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09909-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09909-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollen monitoring is crucial for understanding seasonal patterns, supporting allergy diagnosis and informing early warning tools to mitigate allergic diseases. The Southern Hemisphere lacks long-term pollen seasonal data, with extremely few records from Africa. We present pollen calendars based on five years of data from South Africa. Airborne pollen from 2019 to 2024 across South African biomes was collected in seven cities using Hirst-type volumetric spore traps and standard protocols. Daily concentrations were analysed by light microscopy. The five-year mean annual pollen integral (APIn) were calculated for each site. The five-year mean APIn was highest in the Grassland Biome (Bloemfontein) and lowest in the Albany Thicket Biome (Gqeberha). The Grassland Biome (Johannesburg) had the highest average tree pollen integral, while the Savanna Biome (Kimberley) had the highest average annual grass pollen integral. The grass family (Poaceae<i>)</i> was the most common pollen type across all biomes. Other common taxa were exotic trees Cupressaceae, <i>Platanus</i>, <i>Morus</i> and <i>Betula</i>. Tree seasons were July to September, while grass and weed pollen seasons varied across the biomes. These five-year pollen calendars provide the first biome-specific national reference for airborne pollen exposure in South Africa. The findings provide baseline data for the clinical management of allergic disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from automatic airborne pollen monitoring by holography at three Australian sites","authors":"Andelija Milic,&nbsp;Beth Addison-Smith,&nbsp;Izhar Ullah,&nbsp;James K. Douch,&nbsp;Benedict J. Keaney,&nbsp;Paul J. Beggs,&nbsp;Simon G. Haberle,&nbsp;Janet M. Davies","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09907-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09907-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automatic airborne pollen monitoring offers potential to enable real-time, sustainable environmental health information to assist with management of allergic respiratory disease. Automatic systems, however, have not been widely deployed in the Southern Hemisphere, where there is considerable biodiversity. An automatic holography-based device combined with a classification algorithm was trialled in Australia for 15 months over the main pollen seasons in subtropical Brisbane, and temperate Canberra and Sydney. Common airborne pollen taxa were monitored in parallel using Hirst-type volumetric traps, with manual observations serving as a reference. In Brisbane, the monitoring campaign coincided with the most extreme grass (Poaceae) pollen season ever observed. The automatic system assigned daily Poaceae pollen concentrations with high accuracy (ρ = 0.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Mann–Whitney U, <i>p</i> = 0.14). In Canberra, Poaceae and <i>Betula</i> were detected with a moderate to high correlation to manual observations (ρ = 0.67, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and ρ = 0.77, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) respectively. <i>Betula</i> and Cupressaceae were, however, mistakenly assigned to Poaceae, and <i>Betula</i> was also misclassified as other Betulaceae taxa: <i>Corylus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i>. Pinaceae pollen was well recognized by the automatic system at this site (ρ = 0.59, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Mann–Whitney U, <i>p</i> = 0.35). The automatic system performed poorly in Sydney, where daily pollen concentrations were low, with high misassignment. While automatic pollen monitoring reduced the need for site visits and expedited daily forecasts, inconsistencies in classification and concentration levels between methods highlight the need to calibrate automatic systems to previously trained and locally relevant, regularly monitored pollen and their levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-026-09907-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the pollen season dynamics in central Chile in the last 20 years","authors":"Pedro Mardones,&nbsp;Sergio Espinoza,&nbsp;Javier Urzúa,&nbsp;Kimberly Matamala,&nbsp;Iris Pereira,&nbsp;Mirka Pardo,&nbsp;Teresa Peralta,&nbsp;Patricio Peñailillo,&nbsp;Estefanía Sánchez-Reyes","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09908-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09908-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Airborne pollen exposure is a major trigger of respiratory allergy, but long-term aerobiological series from the Southern Hemisphere remain scarce. We analyzed changes in the intensity, time and meteorological variables of major allergenic pollen types in Talca, a representative city of central Chile, over nearly two decades. Daily pollen counts from Hirst-type volumetric traps were obtained for three seasons (2007/2008, 2013/2014 and 2024/2025), and the annual pollen integral (APIn) and main pollen season (MPS) metrics were calculated for nine relevant taxa and for total pollen. The APIn increased by more than 240% between the first and last periods, with particularly marked rises for <i>Olea</i>, Cupressaceae, Poaceae, <i>Corylus</i> and several herbaceous plants. For many taxa, the MPS started earlier and/or ended later in 2024/2025, lengthening clinically relevant exposure windows, whereas <i>Platanus</i> and <i>Populus</i> maintained short but intense spring peaks. Cupressaceae showed an extended MPS of about six months, and <i>Olea</i> and <i>Corylus</i> exhibited sharp increases in seasonal totals consistent with recent expansion of nearby plantations. Temperature emerged as the main, though taxon-specific, driver of day-to-day variability, with Poaceae positively associated with temperature and solar radiation and negatively with relative humidity, while some arboreal taxa showed negative correlations coefficients with temperature. Our results indicate an intensification and extension of pollen seasons in the city of Talca. General implications for clinical and public‑health are discussed. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in air condition dust and sputum from occupants of indoor spaces in Redeemer’s University","authors":"Moyosoreoluwa O. Abegunde,&nbsp;Adebare I. Ademisoye,&nbsp;Victor O. Abakpa,&nbsp;Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja,&nbsp;Olumide David Olukanni,&nbsp;Aemere Ogunlaja","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09910-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09910-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor air is an important yet understudied reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), posing potential risks as people spend 90% of their time indoors. Bioaerosols containing multidrug-resistant organisms contribute to respiratory issue, but environmental sources such as air conditioner (AC) dust remain poorly characterized. This study examined the presence of bacteria (ESKAPEE) pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in AC dust, indoor air and sputum samples from occupants of such indoor spaces within seven faculties at Redeemer’s University, Nigeria. A total of 105 samples were analysed using standard microbiological identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing and PCR screening for ARGs and resistance-related genes (<i>intl1, blaTEM, gyrA, tetA, tetG, mphA</i>). Overall, 59% of isolates were ESKAPEE pathogens, dominated by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (51.1%) and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (33.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 83.3% (150/180) of ESKAPEE isolates, while tetracycline and ampicillin are the most resisted antibiotics. Three ARGs—<i>intl1, tetA and gyrA</i>—were detected in both dust and sputum isolates. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) exceeded 70%, indicating high-risk contamination, although non-carcinogenic risk assessment suggested low immediate health risk. The findings highlight AC filters as valuable surveillance points for tracking indoor AMR dissemination and monitoring multidrug-resistant pathogens in indoor environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternaria and Cladosporium fungal spore concentrations in the atmosphere of Tétouan: relationships with meteorological parameters and forecasting models","authors":"Iman Hayoun,&nbsp;Farah Filali Ben Sidel,&nbsp;Ijlal Raissouni,&nbsp;Hassan Bouziane","doi":"10.1007/s10453-026-09906-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-026-09906-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to predict daily concentrations of <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Cladosporium</i> spores in Tétouan (2009–2017) and revealed their near-continuous presence with clear seasonal patterns. Monthly spore integrals (MSIn) were highest from spring to autumn. <i>Alternaria</i> reached its highest values mainly in May–June, with a maximum in June 2010 (5,652 spores*day/m³). <i>Cladosporium</i> showed its highest MSIn values mostly in October, reaching its maximum in 2014 (109,218 spores*day/m³). Since both taxa exhibited two seasonal increases each year, we delineated pre-maximum 1 from the season onset to the first maximum value, and pre-maximum 2 from the subsequent rise to the later seasonal maximum. Pre-maximum 1 showed higher mean concentrations for <i>Alternaria</i>, whereas <i>Cladosporium</i> was higher in pre-maximum 2. During pre-maximum 1, maximum (<i>T</i>_max), mean and minimum temperatures showed significant positive correlations with daily concentrations of both spores. In Pre-maximum 2, temperature exhibited a significant negative correlation for <i>Cladosporium</i>. Correlations with other meteorological parameters were also significant in some cases. For <i>Alternaria</i>, the pre-maximum 1 regression model was the most accurate, explaining 47% of the variability, with <i>T</i>_max as the main predictor and validation in 2015 was satisfactory. For <i>Cladosporium</i>, the best model explained 33.66% of the variability and likewise included <i>T</i>_max as a key predictor. When validated with pre-maximum 2 data from 2016, no significant differences were found between predicted and observed values. Overall, the findings highlight the strong influence of climatic conditions on fungal spore dynamics and provide valuable insights into the ecology of airborne fungi and their potential public health implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}