Aerobiologia最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive aerobiological study of the airborne pollen in the Irish environment","authors":"Emma Markey,&nbsp;Jerry Hourihane Clancy,&nbsp;Moisés Martínez-Bracero,&nbsp;Jose María Maya-Manzano,&nbsp;Matt Smith,&nbsp;Carsten Skjøth,&nbsp;Paul Dowding,&nbsp;Roland Sarda-Estève,&nbsp;Dominique Baisnée,&nbsp;Aoife Donnelly,&nbsp;Eoin McGillicuddy,&nbsp;Gavin Sewell,&nbsp;David J. O’Connor","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09751-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09751-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory allergies triggered by pollen allergens represent a significant health concern to the Irish public. Up to now, Ireland has largely refrained from participating in long-term aerobiological studies. Recently, pollen monitoring has commenced in several sampling locations around Ireland. The first results of the pollen monitoring campaigns for Dublin (urban) and Carlow (rural) concerning the period 2017–2019 and 2018–2019, respectively, are presented herein. Additional unpublished pollen data from 1978–1980 and, 2010–2011 were also incorporated in creating the first pollen calendar for Dublin. During the monitoring period over 60 pollen types were identified with an average Annual Pollen Integral (APIn) of 32,217 Pollen × day/m³ for Dublin and 78,411 Pollen × day/m³ for Carlow. The most prevalent pollen types in Dublin were: Poaceae (32%), Urticaceae (29%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (11%), <i>Betula</i> (10%), <i>Quercus</i> (4%), <i>Pinus</i> (3%), <i>Fraxinus</i> (2%), <i>Alnus</i> (2%) and <i>Platanus</i> (1%). The predominant pollen types in Carlow were identified as Poaceae (70%), Urticaceae (12%)<i>, Betula</i> (10%), <i>Quercus (2%), Fraxinus</i> (1%) and <i>Pinus</i> (1%). These prevalent pollen types increased in annual pollen concentration in both locations from 2018 to 2019 except for <i>Fraxinus.</i> Although higher pollen concentrations were observed for the Carlow (rural) site a greater variety of pollen types were identified for the Dublin (urban) site. The general annual trend in the pollen season began with the release of tree pollen in early spring, followed by the release of grass and herbaceous pollen which dominated the summer months with the annual pollen season coming to an end in October. This behaviour was illustrated for 21 different pollen types in the Dublin pollen calendar. The correlation between ambient pollen concentration and meteorological parameters was also examined and differed greatly depending on the location and study year. A striking feature was a substantial fraction of the recorded pollen sampled in Dublin did not correlate with the prevailing wind directions. However, using non-parametric wind regression, specific source regions could be determined such as <i>Alnus</i> originating from the Southeast, <i>Betula</i> originating from the East and Poaceae originating from the Southwest.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"343 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09751-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33490503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal diversity in Sahara dust: Aspergillus sydowii and other opportunistic pathogens","authors":"Luis A. Ramírez-Camejo,&nbsp;Anabella Zuluaga-Montero,&nbsp;Vernon Morris,&nbsp;José A. Rodríguez,&nbsp;María T. Lázaro-Escudero,&nbsp;Paul Bayman","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09752-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09752-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Caribbean is influenced by Sahara Dust Storms (SDS) every year. SDS can transport a diversity of microorganisms, including potential pathogens of humans, animals, and plants. In fact, SDS have been suggested as a source of <i>Aspergillus sydowii</i>, reported to cause aspergillosis disease in gorgonian sea fans. However, the diversity of fungal spores in SDS remains unknown and there are conflicting studies as to whether <i>A. sydowii</i> spore are capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we estimated the fungal diversity of the Saharan dust trapped on air filters during five days of a ship’s trajectory in the eastern Atlantic during a dust event. Also, we investigated whether SDS is a potential source of opportunistic fungal pathogens. We isolated 30 morphospecies including the ascomycetes <i>Aspergillus</i> (33% of identified isolates), <i>Thielavia</i> (18%), <i>Penicillium</i> (12%), <i>Chaetomium strumarium</i> (3%), <i>Periconia</i> (2%), and <i>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</i> (1%). Many of these groups include opportunistic pathogens. Species diversity was similar across days but with significant differences between Days 3 vs 5 and between hazy vs clear days. We report for the first time that <i>Thielavia</i>, <i>Chaetomium strumarium</i> and <i>Periconia</i> are present in SDS and are capable of surviving long-distance transport in SDS. The presence of <i>A. sydowii</i> isolates is consistent with reports of SDS as a source of inoculum for sea fan aspergillosis. This could signify that SDS are carriers of viable, potentially pathogenic spores which can be deposited on terrestrial or aquatic substrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"367 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09752-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and biological components of atmospheric particulate matter and their impacts on human health and crops: a review","authors":"Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;Shiv Kumar Dwivedi","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09749-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09749-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article provides a brief review of morphological features (MFs), chemical and biological aspects of particulate matters (PMs) and their effects on humans and crops. Based on previous studies, it has been found that particles such as carbonaceous, metal-rich, crust-element, fly-ash and biological particles usually exhibit multifarious morphology, due to diverse sources. Thirty-seven elements have been identified; some of them, viz. arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel, vanadium and titanium, are extremely hazardous for humans and plants compared to other elements. These toxic elements (TEs)/toxic metals (TMs) can pose several potential diseases such as respiratory, asthma, cardiovascular, neurological and reproductive diseases on humans and also damage the food security by the causing of direct/indirect injuries, such as chlorosis/necrosis, damages cell/tissue/stomata and stunting on crops. Airborne microbes (AMs), especially fungi, are vital components of atmospheric PMs; diverse species of aeromycoflora belonging to the genus <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Conidia</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Puccinia</i> have been found associated with atmospheric PMs in which mostly act as pathogens and can give rise to numerous categories of diseases in humans such as skin allergy, pulmonary, respiratory, aspergillosis, pneumonia and asthma as well as on crops (wheat, rice and maize) like rust, blast and spot. This valuable information about morphological, chemical and biological (fungi) features of atmospheric PMs, their sources and deleterious consequences on humans and crops will also be cooperative for future research to assess the toxic impacts of PMs on both humans as well as crops.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"287 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09749-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the impact of environmental factors and pollutants on covid-19 transmission","authors":"Mohammad Omar Faruk,&nbsp;Md. Sahidur Rahman,&nbsp;Sumiya Nur Jannat,&nbsp;Yasin Arafat,&nbsp;Kamrul Islam,&nbsp;Sarmin Akhter","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09748-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09748-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused an unprecedented loss of life with colossal social and economic fallout over 237 countries and territories worldwide. Environmental conditions played a significant role in spreading the virus. Despite the availability of literature, the consecutive waves of COVID-19 in all geographical conditions create the necessity of reviewing the impact of environmental factors on it. This study synthesized and reviewed the findings of 110 previously published articles on meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to identify the diversified impacts of meteorological factors on the spread of infection and suggests future research. Temperature, rainfall, air quality, sunshine, wind speed, air pollution, and humidity were found as investigated frequently. Correlation and regression analysis have been widely used in previous studies. Most of the literature showed that temperature and humidity have a favorable relationship with the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, 20 articles stated no relationship with humidity, and nine were revealed the negative effect of temperature. The daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases increased by 4.86% for every 1 °C increase in temperature. Sunlight was also found as a significant factor in 10 studies. Moreover, increasing COVID-19 incidence appeared to be associated with increased air pollution, particularly PM10, PM2.5, and O₃ concentrations. Studies also indicated a negative relation between the air quality index and the COVID-19 cases. This review determined environmental variables' complex and contradictory effects on COVID-19 transmission. Hence it becomes essential to include environmental parameters into epidemiological models and controlled laboratory experiments to draw more precious results.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09748-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40404703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First volumetric records of airborne Cladosporium and Alternaria spores in the atmosphere of Al Khor (northern Qatar): a preliminary survey","authors":"Dorra Gharbi,&nbsp;Hassan M. Mobayed,&nbsp;Ramzy Mohammed Ali,&nbsp;Amjad Tuffaha,&nbsp;Blessing Reena Dason,&nbsp;Tayseer Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mehdi Adeli,&nbsp;Hisham A. Sattar,&nbsp;Maria del Mar Trigo,&nbsp;Maryam Ali Al-Nesf","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09746-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09746-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Daily monitoring of airborne fungal spores was carried out for the first time in Al Khor city, Qatar, using a Hirst type 7-day recording volumetric spore trap, from May 2017 to May 2019. During the sampling period, the annual and monthly fluctuations, as well as intradiurnal variations of airborne fungal spore concentrations, were evaluated. <i>Cladosporium,</i> followed by <i>Alternaria,</i> were the spore types most abundant in the atmosphere of the city, with a strong interannual variability in the atmospheric concentrations being observed. The Annual Spore Integrals (ASIns) were 3334 and 1172 spore * day/m³ (2017–2018), and 6796 and 1538 spore * day/m³ (2018–2019) for <i>Cladosporium</i> and <i>Alternaria</i>, respectively. Total daily spore concentrations showed significantly positive correlations with mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures but significantly negative correlations with relative humidity. However, due to the scarce rainfalls’ days, we did not find a statistically significant correlations between <i>Cladosporium</i> and <i>Alternaria</i> spore concentrations and this parameter. Despite this, the spore peaks were strongly related to precipitations that occurred during the previous month. In general, no significant correlations were found with wind speed but, regarding wind direction, the higher percentage of spores were collected when wind blows from the 4th quadrant (NW). According to the intradiurnal pattern, <i>Cladosporium</i> fungal spores displayed their maximum daily concentration during 8:00–10:00 h in the morning, with a second peak in the afternoon, while for <i>Alternaria</i>, the maximum peaks were observed between 08:00 and 14:00 h. Because no consistent previous aerobiological studies exist from Qatar, the aim of this study is to define the seasonality and intradiurnal behaviour of these two airborne fungal spore and the role that, in such arid scene, the meteorological parameters play on the spore concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"329 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09746-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42040927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between health risk and special weather conditions according to fungal community characteristics","authors":"Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Yao Wang,&nbsp;Jianhua Qi,&nbsp;Dahai Zhang,&nbsp;Xianguo Li","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09747-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09747-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global air pollution is a serious problem, and the chemical components in PM can facilitate the invasion of biological components in the human body. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the health risks associated with fungi, as opposed to those associated with bacteria and viruses. This study analyzed fungal community structures, diversity and nutrition acquisition patterns under different weather conditions (sun, haze and dust). The results showed that the characteristics of the fungal community changed significantly when special weather occurred. Diversity and uniformity increased significantly, and the increase on haze days was greater than that on dust days. The dominant genera of fungi on sunny days were <i>Periconia</i> (26.76%) and <i>Alternaria</i> (27.56%), and the dominant genus of fungi on haze and dust days was <i>Aspergillus</i> (70.34 and 86.82%, respectively). According to the calculation of the concentration of cultivable fungi, the HI value on haze days was 1.43 times greater than that on sunny days. The exposure risk in adults was greater than that in children (adults (Age: 18–60) &gt; adults (Age: &gt; 60) &gt; children (Age: 0–5) &gt; children (Age: 6–17)). Within the same age group, the exposure risk in males was greater than that in females. According to the species annotation results, the relative abundance of dangerous fungi under special weather increased significantly, and the interaction between PM and microorganisms increased the health risk posed by special weather-related fungi in humans. The FUNGuild gene annotation results revealed that the pathogenic fungus content on sunny days was higher than those on haze and dust days, so the health risks associated with sunny days should not be ignored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 2","pages":"263 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09747-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41804185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing allergenicity of urban parks: a case study from Aydin, Turkey","authors":"Barış Kara,&nbsp;Yasin Aşık","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09745-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09745-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Allergenic pollens produced by some tree species in urban parks, a part of the urban flora, cause pollinosis, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and asthma. The allergenic pollen levels of four urban parks in Aydin (Turkey) were determined using the Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (<i>I</i>_UGZA). The potential allergenicity value (PAV) of each species and the crown volume of each individual belonging to the species were used in the index calculation. According to their PAV values, tree species were classified as nil (0), low (1–6), moderate (8–12), high (16–24), and very high (27–36) allergenicity. The Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) was used to calculate the parks’ biodiversity levels. Canonical correspondence analysis, one of the ordination methods, was used to identify the species distribution among the four parks and reveal the relationship between the SHDI, number of species, tree density, and <i>I</i>_UGZA. The ratio of allergenic tree species in the four parks examined varied between 97.90 and 100%. The PAV of 9 tree species, including the genus <i>Cupressus</i> in the Cupressaceae family, was determined as very high, while the PAV of 20 tress species, including the genus <i>Prunus</i>, was revealed to be low. While the park with the lowest <i>I</i>_UGZA value (0.17) was Aytepe Recreation Area, the park with the highest <i>I</i>_UGZA value (0.52) was Pinarbasi Recreation Area. The lowest Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) value (0.70) was detected in Aytepe Recreation Area, whereas the highest value (2.90) was determined in Nevzat Bicer Park. There was no correlation between the <i>I</i>_UGZA value and species count, tree density, and SHDI variables. Ismet Sezgin Park and Pinarbasi Recreation Area pose a risk to human health at any time of the year. The results, which focused on allergenic flora, should be used to design new parks and revitalize existing ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 2","pages":"247 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48417611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The duration and severity of the allergenic pollen season in Istanbul, and the role of meteorological factors","authors":"Franziska Zemmer,&nbsp;Åslög Dahl,&nbsp;Carmen Galán","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09742-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09742-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Information on the allergenic pollen season provides insight on the state of the environment of a region and facilitates allergy symptom management. We present a retrospective analysis of the duration and severity of the allergenic pollen season and the role of meteorological factors in Istanbul, Turkey. Aerobiological sampling from January 2013 to June 2016, pollen identification and counting followed current standard methodology. Pollen seasons were defined according to 95% of the Annual Pollen Integral (APIn) and the season start date was compared with the first day of 5 day consecutive non-zero records. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were created to study the effect of meteorological factors on flowering. The main pollen contributors were taxa of temperate and Mediterranean climates, and neophytic <i>Ambrosia</i>. Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae, <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Ambrosia</i> had the greatest relative abundance. The pollen season defined on 95% of the APIn was adequate for our location with total APIns around 10.000 pollen*day*m⁻³. Woody taxa had generally shorter seasons than herbaceous taxa. In trees, we see precipitation as the main limiting factor for assimilate production prior to anthesis. A severe tree pollen season in 2016 suggests intense synchronous flowering across taxa and populations triggered by favourable water supply in the preceding year. GAM models can explain the effect of weather on pollen concentrations during anthesis. Under the climatic conditions over the study period, temperature had a negative effect on spring flowering trees, and a positive one on summer flowering weeds. Humidity, atmospheric pressure and precipitation had a negative effect on weeds. Our findings contribute to environmental and allergological knowledge in southern Europe and Turkey with relevancy in the assessment of impacts of climate change and the management of allergic disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 2","pages":"195 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10453-022-09742-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of meteorological parameters and PM2.5 on the level of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi in Abadan, Iran","authors":"Fariba Keishams,&nbsp;Gholamreza Goudarzi,&nbsp;Yaghoub Hajizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Hashemzadeh,&nbsp;Hakimeh Teiri","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09744-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09744-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, monitoring of airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations has obtained increasing universal attraction not only for influences on ecological balance but also for evaluating their public health consequences. In this study, we aimed to investigate culturable airborne bacteria and fungi levels in different sites of Abadan, and their association with meteorological parameters and PM_2.5 levels. Abadan is one of the most industrialized cities in the southwest of Iran where over the current decade has experienced lots of dust storm episodes. In total, 400 air samples were collected in 6 months (autumn and winter) using a single-stage viable Andersen cascade impactor for sampling airborne bacteria and fungi and portable DustTrak Aerosol Monitor 8520 for measuring PM_2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters. Microbial concentrations showed a significant difference between various sites over the study period with averages of 569.57 ± 312.64 and 482.73 ± 242.86 CFU/M³ for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The air temperature had a significant effect on the concentration of both airborne bacteria and fungi. A significant positive correlation between relative humidity and fungi but no correlation between relative humidity and bacteria concentrations were observed. The average airborne PM_2.5 concentrations of all sites among the study period was 93.24 ± 116.72 μg/m³. The atmospheric bacterial and fungal communities were strongly positively correlated with the ambient PM_2.5 level. The levels of airborne bacteria and fungi along with PM_2.5 in the air of the city were relatively higher than the recommended levels. Therefore, the best course of action is needed to control emission sources. Further studies are also needed to evaluate the clinical analysis of the health effects of exposure to these pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 2","pages":"233 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic fungi and other contaminants on airborne pollen grains of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)","authors":"D. Magyar,&nbsp;B. Krasznai,&nbsp;M. D. Tóth","doi":"10.1007/s10453-022-09743-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10453-022-09743-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal particles were observed on the pollen grains of ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i> L.) in air samples collected in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. Microscopical observations showed the colonization of pollen grains by different fungal taxa. Concentration data were correlated with meteorological factors, day of the year (DOY), PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and spore levels. Pollen grains infected by fungi became common at the end of the pollen season. These particles correlated positively with wind speed and airborne spores, but a negative correlation was found with temperature. Pollen grains were most frequently infected with <i>Cladosporium</i> spp., but other fungi, such as <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>/<i>Penicillium</i>, and yeasts were also found. A source of infected pollen grains was proven to be the plants’ surface, where fungi colonized pollen grains, and subsequently, they were aerosolized by wind. Our results indicate that reaerosolization events can be identified by the closer examination of fungi found on pollen grains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7718,"journal":{"name":"Aerobiologia","volume":"38 2","pages":"217 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}