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Delivering the goods, showing our stuff: the case for a constructivist paradigm for health promotion research and practice. 交付货物，展示我们的东西:健康促进研究和实践的建构主义范式案例。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300404
R Labonte, A Robertson
{"title":"Delivering the goods, showing our stuff: the case for a constructivist paradigm for health promotion research and practice.","authors":"R Labonte,&nbsp;A Robertson","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article argues that there has been a tendency to empower the \"conventional\" positivist paradigm in health promotion research, often at the expense of confounding or ignoring much of health promotion practice. This article argues further that a \"constructivist\" research paradigm not only has the potential to resolve some of the tensions between research and practice in health promotion but also is inclusive of knowledge generated by the conventional paradigm. The usefulness of a constructivist paradigm is demonstrated through the use of four practice-based case examples drawn from actual community-based health promotion efforts. The congruence of a constructivist paradigm with the health promotion principles of empowerment and community participation are discussed. Finally, this article argues for the acceptance of the legitimacy of knowledge generated from the constructivist paradigm and concludes that this paradigm is more suited to the goals of current health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 4","pages":"431-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19874359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 111
Whom and from what paradigm should health promotion serve? 健康促进应该为谁和从什么范式服务?
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300405
F M Lewis
{"title":"Whom and from what paradigm should health promotion serve?","authors":"F M Lewis","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300405","url":null,"abstract":"Social life is constructed and contextualized; it is to be discovered through the eyes of the participants. If social life is constructed, then both the researcher and the practitioner in health promotion are obliged to understand this constructed reality. Such a frame is more than knowing &dquo;qualitative&dquo; data. Rather, it is a frame that demands a new epistemology. This new frame is known as the constructivist paradigm. When we apply the constructivist paradigm to health promotion, we are climbing uphill against the gradient of a major research paradigm that has dominated health education and health promotion: the realist or empiricist tradition. The realist perspective decontextualizes what is to be known, emphasizes detached objectivity in both the scientist and methods of data generation, assumes that a priori concepts must be applied","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 4","pages":"448-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19874360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Program: Responsible Alcohol and Tobacco Sales Training (RATS). 计划：负责任烟酒销售培训 (RATS)。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-11-01
{"title":"Program: Responsible Alcohol and Tobacco Sales Training (RATS).","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 4","pages":"416-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19874355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using mass media to prevent cigarette smoking among adolescent girls. 利用大众传媒防止少女吸烟。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300406
J K Worden, B S Flynn, L J Solomon, R H Secker-Walker, G J Badger, J H Carpenter
{"title":"Using mass media to prevent cigarette smoking among adolescent girls.","authors":"J K Worden,&nbsp;B S Flynn,&nbsp;L J Solomon,&nbsp;R H Secker-Walker,&nbsp;G J Badger,&nbsp;J H Carpenter","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes the development of a mass media smoking prevention intervention targeted primarily toward adolescent girls at increased risk for smoking and assesses its outcomes. A cohort of 5,458 students was surveyed at baseline in Grades 4-6 and annually for 4 years. Through diagnostic and formative research, media messages were created to appeal especially to girls. Students beginning in Grades 5-7 received the 4-year media intervention and a school program in two communities, while students in two matched communities received the school program alone. Media targeting techniques resulted in high levels of message appeal and exposure consistent with effects on mediating variables and 40% lower weekly smoking at Grades 8-10 for girls receiving the media and school interventions compared to school alone. Smoking behavior effects were maintained at Grades 10-12. These results indicate that mass media interventions targeting specific audience segments can reduce substance use behavior for those segments.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 4","pages":"453-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19874361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 127
Effects of the Stanford Five-City Project Media Advocacy Program. 斯坦福五城项目媒体宣传计划的效果。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300306
C Schooler, S S Sundar, J Flora
{"title":"Effects of the Stanford Five-City Project Media Advocacy Program.","authors":"C Schooler,&nbsp;S S Sundar,&nbsp;J Flora","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors investigated the effects of a media advocacy program to build support for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related policy changes and to encourage adoption of heart-healthy behaviors in the Stanford Five-City Project, a long-term trial of community-wide CVD risk reduction. The authors content analyzed 4,824 health articles in two treatment city newspapers and two reference city newspapers between 1977 and 1990. One treatment city newspaper responded well to the program; the other did not. In the Salinas Californian, the number of CVD-related articles increased during the campaign; these articles became more prominent and conspicuous, the focus on prevention increased, and more of these articles were written by local staff. Maintenance of these effects after the campaign was mixed. Results suggest that frequent, regular, systematic contact with media professionals and provision of materials influence newspaper coverage of health-related topics, which has important implications for shaping public opinion and policy change.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"346-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Alcohol advertising and violence against women: a media advocacy case study. 酒精广告与对妇女的暴力行为:媒体宣传案例研究。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300305
K Woodruff
{"title":"Alcohol advertising and violence against women: a media advocacy case study.","authors":"K Woodruff","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes one effort to help prevent violence against women by addressing some of the larger societal factors involved. The Dangerous Promises campaign is based on the premise that sexist advertising images contribute to an environment conducive to violence against women. The goal of the campaign is to convince alcohol companies to eliminate sexist alcohol advertising and promotions. Using the tools of community organizing and media advocacy, the campaign pressures the alcohol industry to change the ways in which they portray women in much of their advertising. Media advocacy has been instrumental in the successes of the campaign. This article examines the strategies and outcomes of the Dangerous Promises efforts to date and makes a case for application of media advocacy as a tool for increasing community voice in policy-making processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"330-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Challenges and rewards of involving community in research: an overview of the "Focus on Kids" HIV Risk Reduction Program. 社区参与研究的挑战与回报:“关注儿童”降低艾滋病毒风险计划概述。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300308
J Galbraith, I Ricardo, B Stanton, M Black, S Feigelman, L Kaljee
{"title":"Challenges and rewards of involving community in research: an overview of the \"Focus on Kids\" HIV Risk Reduction Program.","authors":"J Galbraith,&nbsp;I Ricardo,&nbsp;B Stanton,&nbsp;M Black,&nbsp;S Feigelman,&nbsp;L Kaljee","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a significant concern for adolescents, especially in minority populations. There is a scarcity of knowledge of the cultural context of sexual behavior in this age group and the influences that lead to early initiation of sex and unsafe sex. Few efforts targeting young adolescents have been community based, although there has been an increased awareness of the need for such research and intervention programs. Four key processes have been defined in gaining community participation in health education programs: (a) defining the community and reaching the community; (b) recognizing tensions among service, research, and community participation; (c) involving community residents; and (d) considering cultural differences in a community. These processes are used to describe the \"Focus on Kids\" project, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention that resulted in significant increases in condom use demonstrated by a randomized controlled trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"383-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Media advocacy: a strategy for advancing policy and promoting health. 媒体宣传:推进政策和促进健康的战略。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300303
L Wallack, L Dorfman
{"title":"Media advocacy: a strategy for advancing policy and promoting health.","authors":"L Wallack,&nbsp;L Dorfman","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of media advocacy is to promote public health goals by using the media to strategically apply pressure for policy change. It provides a framework for moving the public health discussion from a primary focus on the health behavior of individuals to the behavior of the policymakers whose decisions structure the environment in which people act. It addresses the power gap rather than just the information gap. Media advocacy focuses on public policy rather than personal behavior. This article uses two case studies to illustrate key aspects of media advocacy. The first is a 5-year statewide violence prevention initiative for young people in California. The second focuses on the activities of a mothers' group working to improve public housing. The \"new public health,\" with its focus on participation, policy development, and political processes, could benefit from incorporating media advocacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"293-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 234
Empowerment education: a case study of the Resource Sisters/Compañeras Program. 赋权教育:资源姐妹/Compañeras计划的个案研究。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300301
N R Lugo
{"title":"Empowerment education: a case study of the Resource Sisters/Compañeras Program.","authors":"N R Lugo","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empowerment education is a social action process that promotes participation of communities in gaining control over their lives and their community. The Resource Sisters/Compañeras Program represents a case study in implementing an empowerment education effort. The program developed skills of women from the community to facilitate peer support groups that brought other women together. The program attempted to foster community development while also providing individual case management services. The program, its challenges, and its successes are described. The difficulties of possibly conflicting goals and objectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"281-9; discussion 290-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
MADD Massachusetts versus Senator Burke: a media advocacy case study. 马萨诸塞州与参议员伯克:媒体宣传案例研究。
Health education quarterly Pub Date : 1996-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/109019819602300304
W DeJong
{"title":"MADD Massachusetts versus Senator Burke: a media advocacy case study.","authors":"W DeJong","doi":"10.1177/109019819602300304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1991, the Massachusetts legislature considered a bill that would have allowed a drunk driving defendant's refusal to take a breathalyzer test to be admitted as evidence in a criminal trial. After the measure passed in both houses, a state senator used a parliamentary maneuver to prevent it from being prepared for the governor's signature. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) employed media advocacy techniques to alert the public, but the senator was unyielding and the legislative calendar ran out with the bill unsigned. Because of MADD's efforts, however, the senate president put the bill on a \"fast track\" the following year. The news media's focussed attention on MADD's protests exposed deep schisms among its volunteer leadership regarding the nature and purpose of the organization and the appropriateness of using confrontational media strategies advance its agenda. Paralyzed by the lack of consensus, MADD Massachusetts was rendered a far less effective advocate for policy change.</p>","PeriodicalId":77155,"journal":{"name":"Health education quarterly","volume":"23 3","pages":"318-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/109019819602300304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19809800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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